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Wang X, Cao L, Tang J, Deng J, Hao E, Bai G, Tang PL, Yang J, Li H, Yao L, He C, Hou X. Research on the Mechanism and Material Basis of Corn ( Zea mays L.) Waste Regulating Dyslipidemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:868. [PMID: 39065719 PMCID: PMC11279488 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an essential gramineous food crop. Traditionally, corn wastes have primarily been used in feed, harmless processing, and industrial applications. Except for corn silk, these wastes have had limited medicinal uses. However, in recent years, scholars have increasingly studied the medicinal value of corn wastes, including corn silk, bracts, husks, stalks, leaves, and cobs. Hyperlipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid and/or lipoprotein levels in the blood, is the most common form of dyslipidemia today. It is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases if severe. According to the authors' literature survey, corn wastes play a promising role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the mechanisms and material basis of six different corn wastes in regulating dyslipidemia, aiming to provide a foundation for the research and development of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Lewei Cao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pei Ling Tang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
| | - Jieyi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Huaying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Lihao Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Cuiwei He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
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Jubilee R, Komala M, Patel S. Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol and Lignans in the Management of Tuberculosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01378-7. [PMID: 38914838 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of herbal remedies, specifically resveratrol and lignans, as alternative treatments for tuberculosis (TB), given the challenges posed by drug-resistant strains and adverse effects of conventional therapies. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to analyze the mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and efficacy of resveratrol and lignans in the context of TB management. This review focused on the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of these compounds, examining their interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. Resveratrol and lignans were found to exhibit significant antibacterial properties through mechanisms such as SIRT1 modulation, coenzyme A transferase inhibition, suppression of intracellular bacterial proliferation in macrophages, and induction of autophagy. These mechanisms contribute to their effectiveness in combating TB and highlight their potential as alternative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jubilee
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, (Deemed to be University), Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, India
| | - M Komala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, (Deemed to be University), Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, India.
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Tan H, Lee HJ, Hillman PF, Lee EY, Lee C, Seo EK, Lee MJ, Nam SJ. The discovery of an anti-inflammatory monoterpenoid, neoroseoside from the Zea mays. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 105:129737. [PMID: 38599297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A new monoterpenoid, neoroseoside (1), along with two previously reported compounds, 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-6-C-fucosylluteolin (2) and farobin A (3) were isolated from the Zea mays. The structure of compound 1 was determined through the analysis spectroscopic data, including mass spectrometry (MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The absolute configurations of 1 were deduced from the comparing the values of optical rotations and from the interpretation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed moderate antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (inhibition rates 24 % and 28 %, respectively) and Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 (inhibition rate of 26 %), at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, whereas compound 1 did not have any significant antibacterial activities. The compounds 1-3 also showed anti-inflammatory activity on cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Prima F Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ja Lee
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Orabi MAA, Abdelhamid RA, Elimam H, Elshaier YAMM, Ali AA, Aldabaan N, Alhasaniah AH, Refaey MS. Furofuranoid-Type Lignans and Related Phenolics from Anisacanthus virgularis (Salisb.) Nees with Promising Anticholinesterase and Anti-Ageing Properties: A Study Supported by Molecular Modelling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38256704 PMCID: PMC10820861 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lignan phytomolecules demonstrate promising anti-Alzheimer activity by alleviating dementia and preserving nerve cells. The purpose of this work is to characterize the lignans of Anisacanthus virgularis and explore their potential anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-ageing effects. Phytochemical investigation of A. virgularis aerial parts afforded a new furofuranoid-type lignan (1), four known structural analogues, namely pinoresinol (2), epipinoresinol (3), phillyrin (4), and pinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucoside (5), in addition to p-methoxy-trans-methyl cinnamate (6) and 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (7). The structures were established from thorough spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with the literature. Assessment of the anticholinesterase activity of the lignans 1-5 displayed noticeable enzyme inhibition of 1 (IC50 = 85.03 ± 4.26 nM) and 5 (64.47 ± 2.75 nM) but lower activity of compounds 2-4 as compared to the reference drug donepezil. These findings were further emphasized by molecular docking of 1 and 5 with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Rapid overlay chemical similarity (ROCS) and structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis highlighted and rationalized the anti-AD capability of these compounds. Telomerase activation testing of the same isolates revealed 1.64-, 1.66-, and 1.72-fold activations in cells treated with compounds 1, 5, and 4, respectively, compared to untreated cells. Our findings may pave the way for further investigations into the development of anti-Alzheimer and/or anti-ageing drugs from furofuranoid-type lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt;
| | - Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Nayef Aldabaan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Hassan Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 66454, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed S. Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt
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Jeong SH, Park JY, Ryu YB, Kim WS, Lee IC, Kim JH, Kim D, Ha JH, Lee BW, Nam J, Cho KO, Kwon HJ. Myristica fragrans Extract Inhibits Platelet Desialylation and Activation to Ameliorate Sepsis-Associated Thrombocytopenia in a Murine CLP-Induced Sepsis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108863. [PMID: 37240208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, characterized by an uncontrolled host inflammatory response to infections, remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients worldwide. Sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia (SAT), a common disease in patients with sepsis, is an indicator of disease severity. Therefore, alleviating SAT is an important aspect of sepsis treatment; however, platelet transfusion is the only available treatment strategy for SAT. The pathogenesis of SAT involves increased platelet desialylation and activation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Myristica fragrans ethanol extract (MF) on sepsis and SAT. Desialylation and activation of platelets treated with sialidase and adenosine diphosphate (platelet agonist) were assessed using flow cytometry. The extract inhibited platelet desialylation and activation via inhibiting bacterial sialidase activity in washed platelets. Moreover, MF improved survival and reduced organ damage and inflammation in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. It also prevented platelet desialylation and activation via inhibiting circulating sialidase activity, while maintaining platelet count. Inhibition of platelet desialylation reduces hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor-mediated platelet clearance, thereby reducing hepatic JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and thrombopoietin mRNA expression. This study lays a foundation for the development of plant-derived therapeutics for sepsis and SAT and provides insights into sialidase-inhibition-based sepsis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Nam
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 53212, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Guan L, Fan D, Xia F, Wang A, Bao Y, Xu Y. By-Products of Zea mays L.: A Promising Source of Medicinal Properties with Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200940. [PMID: 36721262 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zea mays (Z. mays) is one of the main cereal crops in the world, and it's by-products have exhibited medicinal properties to explore. This article intends to review the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of by-products of Z. mays (corn silks, roots, bract, stems, bran, and leaves) which support the therapeutic potential in the treatment of different diseases, with emphasis on the natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological developments. Based on this review, 231 natural compounds are presented. Among them, flavonoids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids are the most frequently reported. The by-products of Z. mays possess diuretic effects, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, plant protection activity, and other activities. This article reviewed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Z. mays for comprehensive quality control and the safety and effectiveness to enhance future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lu Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongxue Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feiruo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yongnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Lin C, Yin L, Si J, Yu M, Li J, Li L, Zhang T, Zou Z. Bioactive constituents from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105431. [PMID: 36638848 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve undescribed compounds including five sesquiterpenes (1-5), one monoterpene (6), and four lignans (7a/7b and 8a/8b), along with two other types (9 and 10) were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. Among them, two pairs of enantiomers (7a/7b and 8a/8b) were successfully separated by chiral-phase HPLC, while racemate 9 could not be resolved. Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 are rare sesquiterpene hybrids featuring an eudesmanolactam linked to a resorcinol or methyl 2-methylpentanoat through a CN bond. Compound 3 represents the first example of eudesmanolide sesquiterpene with an oxygen-bridge between C-8 and C-14. Compounds 7a and 7b are a pair of rare enantiomeric benzodioxane norneolignans. Additionally, compound 2 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells. Compound 4 significantly promoted the proliferation of LPS-induced IEC-6 cells with the rate of 117.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunyu Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luying Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinguang Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingrong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhongmei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Zhou H, Hua J, Li H, Song X, Luo S. Structurally diverse specialized metabolites of maize and their extensive biological functions. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36745523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize originated in southern Mexico and various hybrid varieties have been bred during domestication. All maize tissues are rich in specialized plant metabolites (SPMs), which allow the plants to resist the stresses of herbivores and pathogens or environmental factors. To date, a total of 95 terpenoids, 91 phenolics, 31 alkaloids, and 6 other types of compounds have been identified from maize. Certain volatile sesquiterpenes released by maize plants attract the natural enemies of maize herbivores and provide an indirect defensive function. Kauralexins and dolabralexins are the most abundant diterpenoids in maize and are known to regulate and stabilize the maize rhizosphere microbial community. Benzoxazinoids and benzoxazolinones are the main alkaloids in maize and are found in maize plants at the highest concentrations at the seedling stage. These two kinds of alkaloids directly resist herbivory and pathogenic infection. Phenolics enhance the cross-links between maize cell walls. Meanwhile, SPMs also regulate plant-plant relationships. In conclusion, SPMs in maize show a large diversity of chemical structures and broad-spectrum biological activities. We use these to provide ideas and information to enable the improvement of maize resistances through breeding and to promote the rapid development of the maize industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Hua
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongdi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Target Discovery of Flavonoids from Elymus nutans Griseb Using Medium- and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Combined with Online High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Detection. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Forage-based nutrients constitute the main forage value of forage grass. Elymus nutans Griseb possesses a wide ecological adaptability, enhanced crude protein content, good palatability, and excellent genes. Herein, employing medium- (MPLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), along with online HPLC-DPPH (OHD)-based identification, two primary radical scavenging compounds were extracted and identified from the methanolic extract of Elymus nutans Griseb. With a starting material of 300 g of Elymus nutans Griseb, 5.95 g of the target DPPH suppressors fraction (Fr6) was separated following one cycle of MCI GEL® CHP20P medium pressure liquid chromatography. A Kromasil 100-5-Phenyl column was subsequently employed for further purification of the fraction, which yielded 432.16 mg of Fr62 (7.26% recovery) and 489.01 mg of Fr63 (8.22% recovery). The target compounds were then assessed based on their structure and purity, and two compounds (salcolin A and tricin) were extracted with > 95% purity. This newly designed procedure was highly effective for the targeted flavonoids, and high-purity radical scavenger extraction from forage extracts. This methodology can potentially provide a scientific basis for their quality evaluation.
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Lam PY, Lui ACW, Wang L, Liu H, Umezawa T, Tobimatsu Y, Lo C. Tricin Biosynthesis and Bioengineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733198. [PMID: 34512707 PMCID: PMC8426635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tricin (3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) is a specialized metabolite which not only confers stress tolerance and involves in defense responses in plants but also represents a promising nutraceutical. Tricin-type metabolites are widely present as soluble tricin O-glycosides and tricin-oligolignols in all grass species examined, but only show patchy occurrences in unrelated lineages in dicots. More strikingly, tricin is a lignin monomer in grasses and several other angiosperm species, representing one of the "non-monolignol" lignin monomers identified in nature. The unique biological functions of tricin especially as a lignin monomer have driven the identification and characterization of tricin biosynthetic enzymes in the past decade. This review summarizes the current understanding of tricin biosynthetic pathway in grasses and tricin-accumulating dicots. The characterized and potential enzymes involved in tricin biosynthesis are highlighted along with discussion on the debatable and uncharacterized steps. Finally, current developments of bioengineering on manipulating tricin biosynthesis toward the generation of functional food as well as modifications of lignin for improving biorefinery applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andy C. W. Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lanxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Anti-Inflammatory Flavonolignans from Triticum aestivum Linn. Hull. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae) is a very common and important food grain and ranks second in total cereal crop production. A large amount of wheat hull is produced after threshing that, as the non-food part of wheat, is agro-waste, accounting for 15~20% of the wheat. This study aimed at biologically and phytochemically investigating wheat hull for its valorization as a by-product. In our ongoing search for natural product-derived anti-inflammatory agents, T. aestivum hull was evaluated for its nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells, and the phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction showing inhibitory effect led to the isolation of a flavone (1) and seven flavonolignans (2–8). Compounds 2–8 have not yet been isolated from Triticum species. All compounds were evaluated for their LPS-induced NO production inhibition, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 24.14 to 58.95 μM. These results suggest the potential of using T. aestivum hull as a source for producing anti-inflammatory components, enhancing its valorization as a by-product.
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12
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Ha MT, Vu NK, Tran TH, Kim JA, Woo MH, Min BS. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Myristica fragrans Houtt.: an updated review. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1067-1092. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from natural sources. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:130-161. [PMID: 29214599 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since PTP1B enzyme was discovered in 1988, it has captured the research community's attention. This landmark discovery has stimulated numerous research studies on a variety of human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Tremendous progress has been made in finding PTP1B inhibitors and exploring PTP1B regulatory mechanisms. This review investigates for the natural PTP1B inhibitors, and focuses on the common characteristics of the discovered structures and structure-activity relationships. To facilitate understanding, all the natural compounds are here divided into five different classes (fatty acids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids), according to their skeletons. These PTP1B inhibitors of scaffold structures could serve as a theoretical basis for new concept drug discovery and design.
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14
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Eom MR, Weon JB, Jung YS, Ryu GH, Yang WS, Ma CJ. Neuroprotective compounds from Reynoutria sachalinensis. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:704-712. [PMID: 28501973 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is a neurotransmitter in central nervous system. Overexpression of glutamate leads to oxidative stress, resulting in several neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer's disease. The n-hexane fraction of stems and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of flowers of Reynoutria sachalinensis provide neuroprotection against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells. In this study, 1-decanol (1), β-amyrin (2), dammaran-3β-ol (3), campesterol (4), daucosterol (5), ergosterol peroxide (6), emodin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin (8) and isoquercitrin (9) were isolated from n-hexane fractions of stems and EtOAc fractions of flowers of R. sachalinensis. Their neuroprotective activity was evaluated by MTT assay. 1-Decanol, campesterol, ergosterol peroxide, quercetin and isoquercitrin exhibited neuroprotective activity. These compounds decreased reactive oxygen species level, showed anti-oxidant activity with DPPH radical and in a H2O2 scavenging assay. Therefore, the neuroprotective activity of 1-decanol, campesterol, ergosterol peroxide, quercetin and isoquercitrin are associated with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Rye Eom
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bae Weon
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sik Jung
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Ryu
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seung Yang
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Je Ma
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical science, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2 Dong, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zhu JH, Li HL, Guo D, Wang Y, Dai HF, Mei WL, Peng SQ. Transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of glutathione S-transferase genes involved in flavonoids accumulation in Dracaena cambodiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 104:304-11. [PMID: 27208821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's blood is a traditional medicine widely used in the world, and the main components of which are flavonoids. However, little is known about its formation mechanism. Previous studies indicate that plant glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in transportation of flavonoids from cytosolic synthesis to vacuolar accumulation. In this study, 20 Dracaena cambodiana GST genes (DcGSTs) were identified based on transcriptome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 20 DcGSTs belonged to seven different classes. Tissue-specific expression analysis suggested that DcGSTs displayed differential expressions either in their transcript abundance or expression patterns under normal growth conditions. The transcript profiles of three DcGSTs in response to the inducer of dragon's blood were strongly correlated with flavonoids biosynthetic genes, consistent with dragon's blood accumulation. Our survey provides useful information for future studies on GST genes involved in dragon's blood formation in D. cambodiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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16
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Lee SS, Baek NI, Baek YS, Chung DK, Song MC, Bang MH. New flavonolignan glycosides from the aerial parts of Zizania latifolia. Molecules 2015; 20:5616-24. [PMID: 25830790 PMCID: PMC6272199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new flavonolignan glycosides, tricin-4'-O-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether 7''-O-β-d-glucopyranose (4) and tricin-4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether 7''-O-β-d-glucopyranose (5) were isolated from the roots of Zizania latifolia, together with tricin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranose (1), tricin-4'-O-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether 7-O-β-d-glucopyranose (2), and tricin-4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether 7-O-β-d-glucopyranose (3). Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including HR-ESI/MS, 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT), 2D-NMR (gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC), and IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Su Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Research Institutee of life Science & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 433-766, Korea.
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Research Institutee of life Science & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Su Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
| | - Dae-Kyun Chung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Research Institutee of life Science & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 433-766, Korea.
| | - Myoung-Chong Song
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Myun-Ho Bang
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 433-766, Korea.
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea.
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