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Zhang W, Tang X, Peng Y, Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S. GBP2 enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in triple‑negative breast cancer by promoting autophagy in combination with ATG2 and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:34. [PMID: 38334171 PMCID: PMC10901536 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major challenge in treating triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC); chemotherapy remains the primary approach. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of guanylate‑binding protein 2 (GBP2) in activating autophagy in TNBC and its impact on the sensitivity of TNBC cells to paclitaxel (PTX). Transfection with lentivirus was performed to establish TNBC cell lines with stable, high GBP2 expression. The mRNA and protein levels of GBP2 expression were evaluated utilizing reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Autophagy in TNBC cells was evaluated using immunoblotting, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins and their phosphorylation were detected by immunoblotting, and fluorescence co‑localization analysis was performed to evaluate the association between GBP2 and autophagy‑related protein 2 (ATG2). BALB/c NUDE mice were subcutaneously injected with GBP2 wild‑type/overexpressing MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Low GBP2 expression was detected in TNBC, which was associated with a poor prognosis. Overexpression of GBP2 suppressed cell growth, and especially enhanced autophagy in TNBC. Forced expression of GBP2 significantly increased the PTX sensitivity of TNBC cells, and the addition of autophagy inhibitors reversed this effect. GBP2 serves as a prognostic marker and exerts a notable inhibitory impact on TNBC. It functions as a critical regulator of activated autophagy by co‑acting with ATG2 and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which contributes to increasing sensitivity of TNBC cells to PTX. Therefore, GBP2 is a promising therapeutic target for enhancing TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402560, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Tongliang, Chongqing 402560, P.R. China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yingkun Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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2
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Hoover E, Ruggiero OM, Swingler RN, Day ES. FZD7-Targeted Nanoparticles to Enhance Doxorubicin Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14323-14335. [PMID: 38559981 PMCID: PMC10976388 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy agent commonly used to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but it has insufficient efficacy against the disease and considerable toxicity due to its off-target delivery. To improve the specificity of DOX for TNBC, we encapsulated it in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with antibodies against Frizzled7 (FZD7), a receptor that is overexpressed on TNBC cells and which is a key activator of the Wnt signaling pathway. In vitro studies show that DOX encapsulation does not hinder its ability to localize to the nucleus in human TNBC cell cultures and that DOX delivered via NPs induces apoptosis and DNA damage via H2A.X phosphorylation to the same degree as freely delivered DOX. FZD7-targeted NPs delivering DOX caused significantly greater inhibition of metabolic activity and led to a smaller cell population following treatment when compared to freely delivered DOX or DOX-loaded NPs coated only with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The FZD7 antibodies additionally provided significant levels of Wnt pathway inhibition, as demonstrated by an increase in β-catenin phosphorylation, indicative of β-catenin destruction and downregulation. These results show that FZD7-targeted platforms have great promise for improving the therapeutic window of otherwise toxic chemotherapies like DOX in TNBC and other cancers that display the overexpression of FZD7 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise
C. Hoover
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Olivia M. Ruggiero
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Rachel N. Swingler
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Helen
F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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3
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Wang WD, Guo YY, Yang ZL, Su GL, Sun ZJ. Sniping Cancer Stem Cells with Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23262-23298. [PMID: 38010076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Despite encouraging progress in cancer treatment, conventional approaches often fail to eliminate CSCs, necessitating the development of precise targeted strategies. Recent advances in materials science and nanotechnology have enabled promising CSC-targeted approaches, harnessing the power of tailoring nanomaterials in diverse therapeutic applications. This review provides an update on the current landscape of nanobased precision targeting approaches against CSCs. We elucidate the nuanced application of organic, inorganic, and bioinspired nanomaterials across a spectrum of therapeutic paradigms, encompassing targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and multimodal synergistic therapies. By examining the accomplishments and challenges in this potential field, we aim to inform future efforts to advance nanomaterial-based therapies toward more effective "sniping" of CSCs and tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yan-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhong-Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang-Liang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Hashemi M, Hasani S, Hajimazdarany S, Ghadyani F, Olyaee Y, Khodadadi M, Ziyarani MF, Dehghanpour A, Salehi H, Kakavand A, Goharrizi MASB, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Akbari ME, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K, Entezari M. Biological functions and molecular interactions of Wnt/β-catenin in breast cancer: Revisiting signaling networks. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123377. [PMID: 36702226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle such as physical activity and eating habits have been one of the main reasons for development of various diseases in modern world, especially cancer. However, role of genetic factors in initiation of cancer cannot be ignored and Wnt/β-catenin signaling is such factor that can affect tumor progression. Breast tumor is the most malignant tumor in females and it causes high mortality and morbidity around the world. The survival and prognosis of patients are not still desirable, although there have been advances in introducing new kinds of therapies and diagnosis. The present review provides an update of Wnt/β-catenin function in breast cancer malignancy. The upregulation of Wnt is commonly observed during progression of breast tumor and confirms that tumor cells are dependent on this pathway Wnt/β-catenin induction prevents apoptosis that is of importance for mediating drug resistance. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces DNA damage repair in ameliorating radio-resistance. Wnt/β-catenin enhances proliferation and metastasis of breast tumor. Wnt/β-catenin induces EMT and elevates MMP expression. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin participates in tumor microenvironment remodeling and due to its tumor-promoting factor, drugs for its suppression have been developed. Different kinds of upstream mediators Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer have been recognized that their targeting is a therapeutic approach. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin can be considered as a biomarker in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Hasani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hajimazdarany
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadyani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Olyaee
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Khodadadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah Ziyarani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Salehi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Gharoonpour A, Simiyari D, Yousefzadeh A, Badragheh F, Rahmati M. Autophagy modulation in breast cancer utilizing nanomaterials and nanoparticles. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1150492. [PMID: 37213283 PMCID: PMC10196239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1150492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy regenerates cellular nutrients, recycles metabolites, and maintains hemostasis through multistep signaling pathways, in conjunction with lysosomal degradation mechanisms. In tumor cells, autophagy has been shown to play a dual role as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter, leading to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for cancer. Therefore, regulation of autophagy is essential during cancer progression. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising technique in the clinic to modulate autophagy pathways. Here, we summarized the importance of breast cancer worldwide, and we discussed its classification, current treatment strategies, and the strengths and weaknesses of available treatments. We have also described the application of NPs and nanocarriers (NCs) in breast cancer treatment and their capability to modulate autophagy. Then the advantages and disadvantaged of NPs in cancer therapy along with future applications will be disscussed. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on NPs used in breast cancer treatment and their impacts on autophagy pathways for researchers.
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6
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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7
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Liao M, Qin R, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng F, Han B, Liu B. Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35414025 PMCID: PMC9006445 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of human breast cancer with one of the worst prognoses, with no targeted therapeutic strategies currently available. Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), has been widely reported to have numerous links to the progression and therapy of many types of human cancer. Of note, RCD can be divided into numerous different subroutines, including autophagy-dependent cell death, apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and anoikis. More recently, targeting the subroutines of RCD with small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy, which has rapidly progressed in the treatment of TNBC. Therefore, in this review, we focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned seven major RCD subroutines related to TNBC and the latest progress of small-molecule compounds targeting different RCD subroutines. Moreover, we further discuss the combined strategies of one drug (e.g., narciclasine) or more drugs (e.g., torin-1 combined with chloroquine) to achieve the therapeutic potential on TNBC by regulating RCD subroutines. More importantly, we demonstrate several small-molecule compounds (e.g., ONC201 and NCT03733119) by targeting the subroutines of RCD in TNBC clinical trials. Taken together, these findings will provide a clue on illuminating more actionable low-hanging-fruit druggable targets and candidate small-molecule drugs for potential RCD-related TNBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Raut D, Vora A, Bhatt LK. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer therapy: a pre-clinical perspective of its targeting for clinical translation. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 22:97-114. [PMID: 34927527 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2016398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite various treatments available, there is still a high mortality rate in breast cancer patients. Thus, there exists an unmet need for new therapeutic interventions. Studies show that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer metastasis because of its transcriptional control on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review explores the Wnt signaling pathway as a potential target for treating breast cancer and other breast cancer subtypes. We discuss the Wnt signaling pathway, its role in breast cancer metastasis, and its effect on breast cancer stem cells. Further, endogenous agents that cause Wnt pathway inactivation are outlined. Finally, various natural and chemical compounds modulating the Wnt pathway used in pre-clinical or clinical trials for breast cancer treatment are discussed. EXPERT OPINION In vitro and in vivo studies indicate an immense potential of agents targeting the Wnt signaling pathway to prevent and manage breast cancer. Still, more clinical studies are required to support their use in humans. Apart from the agents already in clinical trials, several drug combinations discussed may be translated into clinical practice in a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezaree Raut
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Abd El-Aziz YS, Gillson J, Jansson PJ, Sahni S. Autophagy: A promising target for triple negative breast cancers. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106006. [PMID: 34843961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancers which constitutes about 15% of all breast cancer cases and characterized by negative expression of hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Thus, endocrine and HER2 targeted therapies are not effective toward TNBCs, and they mainly rely on chemotherapy and surgery for treatment. Despite recent advances in chemotherapy, 40% of TNBC patients develop a metastatic relapse and recurrence. Therefore, understanding the molecular profile of TNBC is warranted to identify targets that can be selected for the development of a new and effective therapeutic approach. Autophagy is an internal defensive mechanism that allows the cells to survive under different stressors. It has been well known that autophagy exerts a crucial role in cancer progression. The critical role of autophagy in TNBC progression is emerging in recent years. This review will discuss autophagic pathway, how autophagy affects TNBC progression and recent therapeutic approaches that can target autophagy as a new treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Josef Gillson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Bu F, Zhang J, Shuai W, Liu J, Sun Q, Ouyang L. Repurposing drugs in autophagy for the treatment of cancer: From bench to bedside. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:1815-1831. [PMID: 34808390 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a multistep degradation pathway involving the lysosome, which supports nutrient reuse and metabolic balance, and has been implicated as a process that regulates cancer genesis and development. Targeting tumors by regulating autophagy has become a therapeutic strategy of interest. Drugs with other indications can have antitumor activity by modulating autophagy, providing a shortcut to developing novel antitumor drugs (i.e., drug repurposing/repositioning), as successfully performed for chloroquine (CQ); an increasing number of repurposed drugs have since advanced into clinical trials. In this review, we describe the application of different drug-repurposing approaches in autophagy for the treatment of cancer and focus on repurposing drugs that target autophagy to treat malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Iqbal S, Luo B, Melamed JR, Day ES. Critical Evaluation of Different Lysosomal Labeling Methods Used to Analyze RNA Nanocarrier Trafficking in Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2245-2256. [PMID: 34543006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of nucleic acids to regulate gene expression is a rapidly developing field with immense clinical potential. Nanomaterials are frequently used to deliver nucleic acids into cells as they can overcome the poor cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal degradation of bare nucleic acids. For these nanocarriers to be effective, they must escape endo/lysosomal compartments to deliver their nucleic acid cargo into the cytosol (for ribonucleic acid (RNA)) or nucleus (for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)). This process is poorly understood and remains an area of active research toward the goal of developing effective delivery strategies. Fluorescent endo/lysosomal markers are among the most widely employed tools used to evaluate the endosomal escape of nucleic acid nanocarriers. However, the endo/lysosomal labeling method may alter the extent of and route of nanocarrier uptake by cells. The impact of these markers on cellular function and cell-nanocarrier interactions has not been probed in a systematic manner. To investigate this, we compared the effects of several common lysosomal labeling methods, namely, LysoTracker Red (LT Red), transient lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1-mutant green fluorescent protein (LAMP1-mGFP) transfection (Transient GFP), and stable lentiviral LAMP1-mGFP transfection (Stable GFP), on cellular metabolic activity, nanocarrier uptake, nanocarrier/lysosomal label colocalization, and gene silencing potency in U87 glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using polyethyleneimine (PEI)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) polyplexes as a model nanocarrier. In both U87s and MDA-MB-231s, Transient GFP and LT Red labeling reduced metabolic activity relative to untransfected (Parental) cells, while Stable GFP labeling increased metabolic activity. Congruently, flow cytometry indicates Stable GFP cells have greater polyplex uptake than LT Red-labeled cells in both cell lines. Despite these similar trends in uptake, polyplex intracellular trafficking differs in the two cell lines, as confocal imaging revealed greater polyplex/lysosome colocalization in Stable GFP U87 cells than LT Red-labeled U87 cells, while the trend was reversed in MBA-MB-231s. The level of RNA-mediated gene silencing achieved in Parental versus Stable GFP U87 and MDA-MB-231 cells agreed with the observed levels of polyplex/lysosome colocalization, supporting the established concept that endosomal escape is the rate-limiting step for RNA interference. These findings indicate that lysosomal labels can profoundly alter cellular function and cell-nanocarrier interactions, presenting critical new considerations for researchers investigating nanoparticle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Benjamin Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jilian R Melamed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emily S Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, 4701 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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12
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Sompel K, Elango A, Smith AJ, Tennis MA. Cancer chemoprevention through Frizzled receptors and EMT. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:32. [PMID: 34604862 PMCID: PMC8429367 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (FZD) transmembrane receptors are well known for their role in β-catenin signaling and development and now understanding of their role in the context of cancer is growing. FZDs are often associated with the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through β-catenin, but some also influence EMT through non-canonical pathways. With ten different FZDs, there is a wide range of activity from oncogenic to tumor suppressive depending on the tissue context. Alterations in FZD signaling can occur during development of premalignant lesions, supporting their potential as targets of chemoprevention agents. Agonizing or antagonizing FZD activity may affect EMT, which is a key process in lesion progression often targeted by chemoprevention agents. Recent studies identified a specific FZD as important for activity of an EMT inhibiting chemopreventive agent and other studies have highlighted the previously unrecognized potential for targeting small molecules to FZD receptors. This work demonstrates the value of investigating FZDs in chemoprevention and here we provide a review of FZDs in cancer EMT and their potential as chemoprevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. Elango
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. J. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - M. A. Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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13
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Wang J, Drelich AJ, Hopkins CM, Mecozzi S, Li L, Kwon G, Hong S. Gold nanoparticles in virus detection: Recent advances and potential considerations for SARS-CoV-2 testing development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1754. [PMID: 34498423 PMCID: PMC8646453 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are infectious agents that pose significant threats to plants, animals, and humans. The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has spread globally and resulted in over 2 million deaths and immeasurable financial losses. Rapid and sensitive virus diagnostics become crucially important in controlling the spread of a pandemic before effective treatment and vaccines are available. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based testing holds great potential for this urgent unmet biomedical need. In this review, we describe the most recent advances in AuNP‐based viral detection applications. In addition, we discuss considerations for the design of AuNP‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 testings. Finally, we highlight and propose important parameters to consider for the future development of effective AuNP‐based testings that would be critical for not only this COVID‐19 pandemic, but also potential future outbreaks. This article is categorized under:Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle‐Based Sensing
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam J Drelich
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Caroline M Hopkins
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sandro Mecozzi
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Glen Kwon
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Yonsei Frontier Lab and Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Dang MN, Hoover EC, Scully MA, Sterin EH, Day ES. Antibody Nanocarriers for Cancer Management. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 19:100295. [PMID: 34423177 PMCID: PMC8373047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are extremely valuable tools in modern medicine due to their ability to target diseased cells through selective antigen binding and thereby regulate cellular signaling or inhibit cell-cell interactions with high specificity. However, the therapeutic utility of freely delivered antibodies is limited by high production costs, low efficacy, dose-limiting toxicities, and inability to cross the cellular membrane (which hinders antibodies against intracellular targets). To overcome these limitations, researchers have begun to develop nanocarriers that can improve antibodies' delivery efficiency, safety profile, and clinical potential. This review summarizes recent advances in the design and implementation of nanocarriers for extracellular or intracellular antibody delivery, emphasizing important design considerations, and points to future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N. Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Elise C. Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Mackenzie A. Scully
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Eric H. Sterin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, 19713, United States
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15
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Lu J, Cai L, Dai Y, Liu Y, Zuo F, Ni C, Shi M, Li J. Polydopamine-Based Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy/Chemotherapy and their Synergistic Therapy with Autophagy Inhibitor to Promote Antitumor Treatment. CHEM REC 2021; 21:781-796. [PMID: 33634962 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) has attracted much attention recently due to its strong adhesion capability to most substrates. After combining with organic (such as organic metal framework, micelles, hydrogel, polypeptide copolymer) or inorganic nanomaterials (such as gold, silicon, carbon), polydopamine-based nanoparticles (PDA NPs) exhibit the merging of characteristics. Until now, the preparation methods, polymerization mechanism, and photothermal therapy (PTT) or chemotherapy (CT) applications of PDA NPs have been reported detailly. Since the PTT or CT treatment process is often accompanied by exogenous stimuli, tumor cells usually induce pro-survival autophagy to protect the cells from further damage, which will weaken the therapeutic effect. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of PDA NPs modulated PTT, CT, and autophagy is required. However, this association is rarely reviewed. Herein, we briefly described the relationship between PTT/CT, autophagy, and tumor treatment. Then, the outstanding performances of PDA NPs in PTT/CT and their combination with autophagy inhibitors for tumor synergistic therapy have been summarized. This work is expected to shed light on the multi-strategy antitumor therapy applications of PDA NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lulu Cai
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Zuo
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Ni
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Shi
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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