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Jo SY, Lim SH, Lee JY, Son J, Choi JI, Park SJ. Microbial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), from lab to the shelf: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133157. [PMID: 38901504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural biopolyesters produced by microorganisms that represent one of the most promising candidates for the replacement of conventional plastics due to their complete biodegradability and advantageous material properties which can be modulated by varying their monomer composition. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] has received particular research attention because it can be synthesized based on the same microbial platform developed for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] without much modification, with as high productivity as P(3HB). It also offers more useful mechanical and thermal properties than P(3HB), which broaden its application as a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester. However, a significant commercial disadvantage of P(3HB-co-3HV) is its rather high production cost, thus many studies have investigated the economical synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) from structurally related and unrelated carbon sources in both wild-type and recombinant microbial strains. A large number of metabolic engineering strategies have also been proposed to tune the monomer composition of P(3HB-co-3HV) and thus its material properties. In this review, recent metabolic engineering strategies designed for enhanced production of P(3HB-co-3HV) are discussed, along with their current status, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Wagner N, Wen L, Frazão CJR, Walther T. Next-generation feedstocks methanol and ethylene glycol and their potential in industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108276. [PMID: 37918546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation processes are expected to play an important role in reducing dependence on fossil-based raw materials for the production of everyday chemicals. In order to meet the growing demand for biotechnological products in the future, alternative carbon sources that do not compete with human nutrition must be exploited. The chemical conversion of the industrially emitted greenhouse gas CO2 into microbially utilizable platform chemicals such as methanol represents a sustainable strategy for the utilization of an abundant carbon source and has attracted enormous scientific interest in recent years. A relatively new approach is the microbial synthesis of products from the C2-compound ethylene glycol, which can also be synthesized from CO2 and non-edible biomass and, in addition, can be recovered from plastic waste. Here we summarize the main chemical routes for the synthesis of methanol and ethylene glycol from sustainable resources and give an overview of recent metabolic engineering work for establishing natural and synthetic microbial assimilation pathways. The different metabolic routes for C1 and C2 alcohol-dependent bioconversions were compared in terms of their theoretical maximum yields and their oxygen requirements for a wide range of value-added products. Assessment of the process engineering challenges for methanol and ethylene glycol-based fermentations underscores the theoretical advantages of new synthetic metabolic routes and advocates greater consideration of ethylene glycol, a C2 substrate that has received comparatively little attention to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wagner
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Linxuan Wen
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cláudio J R Frazão
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- TU Dresden, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Bergstraße 120, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Liu M, Huo M, Liu C, Guo L, Ding Y, Ma Q, Qi Q, Xian M, Zhao G. Lysine acetylation of Escherichia coli lactate dehydrogenase regulates enzyme activity and lactate synthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:966062. [PMID: 36051589 PMCID: PMC9424733 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.966062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved posttranslational modification, protein lysine acetylation plays important roles in many physiological and metabolic processes. However, there are few reports about the applications of lysine acetylation in metabolic regulations. Lactate is a main byproduct in microbial fermentation, and itself also an important bulk chemical with considerable commercial values in many fields. Lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA) is the key enzyme catalyzing lactate synthesis from pyruvate. Here, we reported that Escherichia coli LdhA can be acetylated and the acetylated lysine sites were identified by mass spectrometry. The effects and regulatory mechanisms of acetylated sites on LdhA activity were characterized. Finally, lysine acetylation was successfully used to regulate the lactate synthesis. LdhA (K9R) mutant overexpressed strain improved the lactate titer and glucose conversion efficiency by 1.74 folds than that of wild-type LdhA overexpressed strain. LdhA (K154Q-K248Q) mutant can inhibit lactate accumulation and improve 3HP production. Our study established a paradigm for lysine acetylation in lactate synthesis regulation and suggested that lysine acetylation may be a promising strategy to improve the target production and conversion efficiency in microbial synthesis. The application of lysine acetylation in regulating lactate synthesis also provides a reference for the treatment of lactate-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meitong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changshui Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Likun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yamei Ding
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Ma
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Mo Xian, ; Guang Zhao,
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Mo Xian, ; Guang Zhao,
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4
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McGregor C, Minton NP, Kovács K. Biosynthesis of Poly(3HB- co-3HP) with Variable Monomer Composition in Recombinant Cupriavidus necator H16. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3343-3352. [PMID: 34762808 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are attractive alternatives to traditional plastics. However, although polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is produced in large quantities by Cupriavidus necator H16, its properties are far from ideal for the manufacture of plastic products. These properties may be improved through its coproduction with 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), which leads to the formation of the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) (poly(3HB-co-3HP). To achieve this, a pathway was designed to enable C. necator H16 to convert β-alanine to 3HP. The initial low levels of incorporation of 3HP into the copolymer were overcome by the overproduction of the native propionyl-CoA transferase together with PHA synthase from Chromobacterium sp. USM2. Following optimization of 3HP incorporation into the copolymer, the molar fraction of 3HP could be controlled by cultivation in medium containing different concentrations of β-alanine. Between 0 and 80 mol % 3HP could be achieved. Further supplementation with 2 mM cysteine increased the maximum 3HP molar fraction to 89%. Additionally, the effect of deletions of the phaA and phaB1 genes of the phaCAB operon on 3HP molar fraction were investigated. A phaAB1 double knockout resulted in a copolymer containing 91 mol % 3HP without the need for cysteine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum McGregor
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Katalin Kovács
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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5
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Luo ZW, Ahn JH, Chae TU, Choi SY, Park SY, Choi Y, Kim J, Prabowo CPS, Lee JA, Yang D, Han T, Xu H, Lee SY. Metabolic Engineering of
Escherichia
coli. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Aduhene AG, Cui H, Yang H, Liu C, Sui G, Liu C. Poly(3-hydroxypropionate): Biosynthesis Pathways and Malonyl-CoA Biosensor Material Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:646995. [PMID: 33748091 PMCID: PMC7978226 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.646995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many single-use non-degradable plastics are a threat to life today, and several polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biopolymers have been developed in the bioplastic industry to place petrochemical-based plastics. One of such is the novel biomaterial poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high yield synthesis using engineered strains. To date, many bio-polymer-based functional composites have been developed to increase the value of raw microbial-biopolymers obtained from cheap sources. This review article broadly covers poly(3HP), a comprehensive summary of critical biosynthetic production pathways comparing the yields and titers achieved in different Microbial cell Factories. This article also provides extensive knowledge and highlights recent progress on biosensors' use to optimize poly(3HP) production, some bacteria host adopted for production, chemical and physical properties, life cycle assessment for poly(3HP) production using corn oil as carbon source, and some essential medical applications of poly(3HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gyapong Aduhene
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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7
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Riaz S, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Biopolymers for Biofuel and Biorefineries. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:253. [PMID: 33451137 PMCID: PMC7828617 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuels are energy recourses that fulfill most of the world's energy requirements. However, their production and use cause severe health and environmental problems including global warming and pollution. Consequently, plant and animal-based fuels (also termed as biofuels), such as biogas, biodiesel, and many others, have been introduced as alternatives to fossil fuels. Despite the advantages of biofuels, such as being renewable, environmentally friendly, easy to source, and reducing the dependency on foreign oil, there are several drawbacks of using biofuels including high cost, and other factors discussed in the fuel vs. food debate. Therefore, it is imperative to produce novel biofuels while also developing suitable manufacturing processes that ease the aforementioned problems. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are structurally diverse microbial polyesters synthesized by numerous bacteria. Moreover, this structural diversity allows PHAs to readily undergo methyl esterification and to be used as biofuels, which further extends the application value of PHAs. PHA-based biofuels are similar to biodiesel except for having a high oxygen content and no nitrogen or sulfur. In this article, we review the microbial production of PHAs, biofuel production from PHAs, parameters affecting the production of fuel from PHAs, and PHAs biorefineries. In addition, future work on the production of biofuels from PHAs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK PLUS), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
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Choi SY, Cho IJ, Lee Y, Kim YJ, Kim KJ, Lee SY. Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Nonnatural Polyesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907138. [PMID: 32249983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce diverse polymers for various purposes such as storing genetic information, energy, and reducing power, and serving as structural materials and scaffolds. Among these polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbial polyesters synthesized and accumulated intracellularly as a storage material of carbon, energy, and reducing power under unfavorable growth conditions in the presence of excess carbon source. PHAs have attracted considerable attention for their wide range of applications in industrial and medical fields. Since the first discovery of PHA accumulating bacteria about 100 years ago, remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of PHA biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of microorganisms toward developing efficient PHA producers. Recently, nonnatural polyesters have also been synthesized by metabolically engineered microorganisms, which opened a new avenue toward sustainable production of more diverse plastics. Herein, the current state of PHAs and nonnatural polyesters is reviewed, covering mechanisms of microbial polyester biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of short-chain-length PHAs, medium-chain-length PHAs, and nonnatural polyesters, especially 2-hydroxyacid-containing polyesters, metabolic engineering strategies to produce novel polymers and enhance production capabilities and fermentation, and downstream processing strategies for cost-effective production of these microbial polyesters. In addition, the applications of PHAs and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Cho
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lacmata ST, Kuiate JR, Ding Y, Xian M, Liu H, Boudjeko T, Feng X, Zhao G. Enhanced poly(3-hydroxypropionate) production via β-alanine pathway in recombinant Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173150. [PMID: 28253372 PMCID: PMC5333900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP) is a thermoplastic with great compostability and biocompatibility, and can be produced through several biosynthetic pathways, in which the glycerol pathway achieved the highest P3HP production. However, exogenous supply of vitamin B12 was required to maintain the activity of glycerol dehydratase, resulting in high production cost. To avoid the addition of VB12, we have previously constructed a P3HP biosynthetic route with β-alanine as intermediate, and the present study aimed to improve the P3HP production of this pathway. L-aspartate decarboxylase PanD was found to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the β-alanine pathway firstly. To improve the pathway efficiency, PanD was screened from four different sources (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Corynebacterium glutamicum). And PanD from C. glutamicum was found to have the highest activity, the P3HP production was improved in flask cultivation with this enzyme. To further improve the production, the host strain was screened and the culture condition was optimized. Under optimal conditions, production and content of P3HP reached to 10.2 g/L and 39.1% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]) in an aerobic fed-batch fermentation. To date, this is the highest P3HP production without VB12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tamekou Lacmata
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobials Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiate
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobials Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yamei Ding
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Thaddée Boudjeko
- Laboratory of Phytoptotection and Valorization of Vegetals Resources, Biotechnology-Nkolbisson Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Xinjun Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (GZ)
| | - Guang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Randian Technology Company Limited, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (GZ)
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10
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Liu C, Ding Y, Xian M, Liu M, Liu H, Ma Q, Zhao G. Malonyl-CoA pathway: a promising route for 3-hydroxypropionate biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:933-941. [PMID: 28078904 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1272093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionate (3HP) is an attractive platform chemical, serving as a precursor to a variety of commodity chemicals like acrylate and acrylamide, as well as a monomer of a biodegradable plastic. To establish a sustainable way to produce these commercially important chemicals and materials, fermentative production of 3HP is widely investigated in recent years. It is reported that 3HP can be produced from several intermediates, such as glycerol, malonyl-CoA, and β-alanine. Among all these biosynthetic routes, the malonyl-CoA pathway has some distinct advantages, including a broad feedstock spectrum, thermodynamic feasibility, and redox neutrality. To date, this pathway has been successfully constructed in various species including Escherichia coli, yeast and cyanobacteria, and optimized through carbon flux redirection, enzyme screening and engineering, and an increasing supply of energy and cofactors, resulting in significantly enhanced 3HP titer up to 40 g/L. These results show the feasibility of commercial manufacturing of 3HP and its derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Liu
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China.,b Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Yamei Ding
- b Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Mo Xian
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Min Liu
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Qingjun Ma
- b Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Guang Zhao
- a CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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11
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Synthetic Biology of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 162:147-174. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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12
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Wendisch VF, Brito LF, Gil Lopez M, Hennig G, Pfeifenschneider J, Sgobba E, Veldmann KH. The flexible feedstock concept in Industrial Biotechnology: Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and yeast strains for access to alternative carbon sources. J Biotechnol 2016; 234:139-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Feng X, Xian M, Liu W, Xu C, Zhang H, Zhao G. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) from glycerol using engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae strain without vitamin B12. Bioengineered 2016; 6:77-81. [PMID: 25621933 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1011027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic. Previous studies demonstrated that engineered Escherichia coli strains can produce P3HP with supplementation of expensive vitamin B12. The present study examined the production of P3HP from glycerol in the recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, which naturally synthesizes vitamin B12. The genes glycerol dehydratase and its reactivation factor (dhaB123, gdrA, and gdrB from K. pneumoniae), aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldH from E. coli) were cloned and expressed in K. pneumoniae to produce 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), with 2 genes (dhaT and yqhD) for biosynthesis of 1,3-propanediol were deleted. To obtain P3HP production, propionyl-CoA synthetase (prpE from E. coli) and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaC from Ralstonia eutropha) were introduced. Under the appropriate aeration condition, the cell yield and P3HP content were 0.24 g/L and 12.7% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]) respectively along with 2.03 g/L 3HP after 48 h cultivation. Although the yield is relatively low, this study shows the feasibility of producing P3HP in K. pneumoniae from glycerol without vitamin B12 for the first time. The results also suggest that the aeration conditions should be optimized carefully for the efficient production of P3HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Feng
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Qingdao , China
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14
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Wang Y, Sun T, Gao X, Shi M, Wu L, Chen L, Zhang W. Biosynthesis of platform chemical 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) directly from CO2 in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Metab Eng 2015; 34:60-70. [PMID: 26546088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an important platform chemical with a wide range of applications. So far large-scale production of 3-HP has been mainly through petroleum-based chemical processes, whose sustainability and environmental issues have attracted widespread attention. With the ability to fix CO2 directly, cyanobacteria have been engineered as an autotrophic microbial cell factory to produce fuels and chemicals. In this study, we constructed the biosynthetic pathway of 3-HP in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and then optimized the system through the following approaches: i) increasing expression of malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR) gene using different promoters and cultivation conditions; ii) enhancing supply of the precursor malonyl-CoA by overexpressing acetyl-CoA carboxylase and biotinilase; iii) improving NADPH supply by overexpressing the NAD(P) transhydrogenase gene; iv) directing more carbon flux into 3-HP by inactivating the competing pathways of PHA and acetate biosynthesis. Together, the efforts led to a production of 837.18 mg L(-1) (348.8 mg/g dry cell weight) 3-HP directly from CO2 in Synechocystis after 6 days cultivation, demonstrating the feasibility photosynthetic production of 3-HP directly from sunlight and CO2 in cyanobacteria. In addition, the results showed that overexpression of the ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) gene from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 led to no increase of 3-HP production, suggesting CO2 fixation may not be a rate-limiting step for 3-HP biosynthesis in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xingyan Gao
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mengliang Shi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China; Synbio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P.R. China.
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15
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Meng DC, Wang Y, Wu LP, Shen R, Chen JC, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Production of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) from glucose by engineering Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2015; 29:189-195. [PMID: 25842374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP) is the strongest family member of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesized by bacteria grown on 1,3-propandiol or glycerol. In this study synthesis pathways of P3HP and its copolymer P3HB3HP of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) were assembled respectively to allow their synthesis from glucose, a more abundant carbon source. Recombinant Escherichia coli was constructed harboring the P3HP synthetic pathway consisting of heterologous genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd1), glycerol-3-P phosphatase (gpp2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that catalyzes formation of glycerol from glucose, and genes coding glycerol dehydratase (dhaB123) with its reactivating factors (gdrAB) from Klebsiella pneumoniae that transfer glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, as well as gene encoding propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (pdup) from Salmonella typhimurium which converts 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde to 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA, together with the gene of PHA synthase (phaC) from Ralstonia eutropha which polymerizes 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA into P3HP. When phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha respectively encoding β-ketothiolase and acetoacetate reductase, were introduced into the above P3HP producing recombinant E. coli, copolymers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HB3HP) were synthesized from glucose as a sole carbon source. The above E. coli recombinants grown on glucose LB medium successfully produced 5g/L cell dry weight containing 18% P3HP and 42% P(3HB-co-84mol% 3HP), respectively, in 48h shake flask studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chuan Meng
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin-Ping Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rui Shen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Linares-Pastén JA, Sabet-Azad R, Pessina L, Sardari RRR, Ibrahim MHA, Hatti-Kaul R. Efficient poly(3-hydroxypropionate) production from glycerol using Lactobacillus reuteri and recombinant Escherichia coli harboring L. reuteri propionaldehyde dehydrogenase and Chromobacterium sp. PHA synthase genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:172-176. [PMID: 25600014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate), P(3HP), is a polymer combining good biodegradability with favorable material properties. In the present study, a production system for P(3HP) was designed, comprising conversion of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3HPA) as equilibrium mixture with 3HPA-hydrate and -dimer in aqueous system (reuterin) using resting cells of native Lactobacillus reuteri in a first stage followed by transformation of the 3HPA to P(3HP) using recombinant Escherichia coli strain co-expressing highly active coenzyme A-acylating propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (PduP) from L. reuteri and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaCcs) from Chromobacterium sp. P(3HP) content of up to 40% (w/w) cell dry weight was reached, and the yield with respect to the reuterin consumed by the cells was 78%. Short biotransformation period (4.5h), lack of additives or expensive cofactors, and use of a cheap medium for cultivation of the recombinant strain, provides a new efficient and potentially economical system for P(3HP) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Sabet-Azad
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Pessina
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roya R R Sardari
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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17
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Becker J, Wittmann C. Advanced Biotechnology: Metabolically Engineered Cells for the Bio-Based Production of Chemicals and Fuels, Materials, and Health-Care Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3328-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Biotechnologie von Morgen: metabolisch optimierte Zellen für die bio-basierte Produktion von Chemikalien und Treibstoffen, Materialien und Gesundheitsprodukten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Andreessen B, Taylor N, Steinbüchel A. Poly(3-hydroxypropionate): a promising alternative to fossil fuel-based materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6574-82. [PMID: 25149521 PMCID: PMC4249027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02361-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage compounds synthesized by numerous microorganisms and have attracted the interest of industry since they are biobased and biodegradable alternatives to fossil fuel-derived plastics. Among PHAs, poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] has outstanding material characteristics and exhibits a large variety of applications. As it is not brittle like, e.g., the best-studied PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)], it can be used as a plasticizer in blends to improve their properties. Furthermore, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is considered likely to become one of the new industrial building blocks, and it can be obtained from poly(3HP) by simple hydrolysis. Unfortunately, no natural organism is known to accumulate poly(3HP) so far. Thus, several efforts have been made to engineer genetically modified organisms capable of synthesizing the homopolymer or copolymers containing 3HP. In this review, the achievements made so far in efforts to obtain biomass which has accumulated poly(3HP) or 3HP-containing copolymers, as well as the properties of these polyesters and their applications, are compiled and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Andreessen
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicolas Taylor
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Insomphun C, Xie H, Mifune J, Kawashima Y, Orita I, Nakamura S, Fukui T. Improved artificial pathway for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) with high C6-monomer composition from fructose in Ralstonia eutropha. Metab Eng 2014; 27:38-45. [PMID: 25446974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)], a flexible and practical kind of polyhydroxyalkanoates, is generally produced from plant oils and fatty acids by several wild and recombinant bacteria. This study established an improved artificial pathway for the biosynthesis of P(3HB-co-3HHx) with high 3HHx composition from structurally unrelated fructose in Ralstonia eutropha. Depression of (R)-specific reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA by the deletion of phaB1 was an effective modification for formation of the C6-monomer unit from fructose driven by crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (Ccr). Co-overexpression of phaJ4a, which encodes medium-chain-length (R)-enoyl-CoA hydratase, with ccr promoted the incorporation of both 3HB and 3HHx units. Further introduction of emdMm, a synthetic gene encoding ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase derived from mouse, was remarkably effective for P(3HB-co-3HHx) biosynthesis, probably by converting ethylmalonyl-CoA generated by the reductive carboxylase activity of Ccr back into butyryl-CoA. A high cellular content of P(3HB-co-3HHx) composed of 22mol% 3HHx could be produced from fructose by the engineered strain of R. eutropha with ΔphaB1 genotype expressing ccr, phaJ4a, and emd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayatip Insomphun
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Huan Xie
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Mifune
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yui Kawashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Orita
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukui
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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21
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Generation of an atlas for commodity chemical production in Escherichia coli and a novel pathway prediction algorithm, GEM-Path. Metab Eng 2014; 25:140-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Wang Q, Yang P, Xian M, Feng L, Wang J, Zhao G. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for poly(3-hydroxypropionate) production from glycerol and glucose. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2257-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Leong YK, Show PL, Ooi CW, Ling TC, Lan JCW. Current trends in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biosynthesis: Insights from the recombinant Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2014; 180:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Andreeßen B, Johanningmeier B, Burbank J, Steinbüchel A. Influence of the operon structure on poly(3-hydroxypropionate) synthesis in Shimwellia blattae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7409-22. [PMID: 24859521 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol has become a cheap and abundant carbon source due to biodiesel production at a large scale, and it is available for several biotechnological applications. We recently established poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] synthesis in a recombinant Shimwellia blattae strain (Heinrich et al. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:3582-3589, 2013). The major drawbacks of the current strains are (i) low poly(3HP) yields, (ii) low plasmid stability and (iii) insufficient conversion rates. In this study, we demonstrated the influence of alterations of the operon structure, consisting of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (dhaT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldD) of Pseudomonas putida KT2442, propionate:coenzyme A (propionate-CoA) transferase (pct) of Clostridium propionicum X2 and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (phaC1) of Ralstonia eutropha H16. It was shown that S. blattae ATCC33430/pBBR1MCS-2::dhaT::pct::aldD::phaC1 synthesized up to 14.5 % (wtPHA/wtCDW) in a 2-L fed-batch fermentation process. Furthermore, we overcame the problem of plasmid losses during the fermentation period by engineering a carbon source-dependent plasmid addiction system in a triose phosphate isomerase knockout mutant. An assumed poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) degrading activity of the lipase/esterase YbfF could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Andreeßen
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Liu F, Gu J, Wang X, Zhang XE, Deng J. Acs is essential for propionate utilization in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:272-7. [PMID: 24835953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria like Escherichia coli can use propionate as sole carbon and energy source. All pathways for degradation of propionate start with propionyl-CoA. However, pathways of propionyl-CoA synthesis from propionate and their regulation mechanisms have not been carefully examined in E. coli. In this study, roles of the acetyl-CoA synthetase encoding gene acs and the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase encoding gene cobB on propionate utilization in E. coli were investigated. Results from biochemical analysis showed that, reversible acetylation also modulates the propionyl-CoA synthetase activity of Acs. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that, deletion of acs in E. coli results in blockage of propionate utilization, suggesting that acs is essential for propionate utilization in E. coli. Besides, deletion of cobB in E. coli also results in growth defect, but only under lower concentrations of propionate (5mM and 10mM propionate), suggesting the existence of other propionyl-CoA synthesis pathways. In combination with previous observations, our data implies that, for propionate utilization in E. coli, a primary amount of propionyl-CoA seems to be required, which is synthesized by Acs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xude Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiaoyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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26
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Fuchs G, Berg IA. Unfamiliar metabolic links in the central carbon metabolism. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt B:314-22. [PMID: 24576434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The central carbon metabolism of all organisms is considered to follow a well established fixed scheme. However, recent studies of autotrophic carbon fixation in prokaryotes revealed unfamiliar metabolic links. A new route interconnects acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) via 3-hydroxypropionate with succinyl-CoA. Succinyl-CoA in turn may be metabolized via 4-hydroxybutyrate to two molecules of acetyl-CoA; a reversal of this route would result in the assimilation of two molecules of acetyl-CoA into C4 compounds. C5-dicarboxylic acids are a rather neglected class of metabolites; yet, they play a key role not only in one of the CO2 fixation cycles, but also in two acetate assimilation pathways that replace the glyoxylate cycle. C5 compounds such as ethylmalonate, methylsuccinate, methylmalate, mesaconate, itaconate and citramalate or their CoA esters are thereby linked to the acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, glyoxylate and pyruvate pools. A novel carboxylase/reductase converts crotonyl-CoA into ethylmalonyl-CoA; similar reductive carboxylations apply to other alpha-beta-unsaturated carboxy-CoA thioesters. These unfamiliar metabolic links may provide useful tools for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Fuchs
- Mikrobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, D 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ivan A Berg
- Mikrobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, D 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Liu C, Wang Q, Xian M, Ding Y, Zhao G. Dissection of malonyl-coenzyme A reductase of Chloroflexus aurantiacus results in enzyme activity improvement. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75554. [PMID: 24073271 PMCID: PMC3779250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of fusion protein in biosynthetic pathways usually improves metabolic efficiency either channeling intermediates and/or colocalizing enzymes. In the metabolic engineering of biochemical pathways, generating unnatural protein fusions between sequential biosynthetic enzymes is a useful method to increase system efficiency and product yield. Here, we reported a special case. The malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR) of Chloroflexus aurantiacus catalyzes the conversion of malonyl-CoA to 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), and is a key enzyme in microbial production of 3HP, an important platform chemical. Functional domain analysis revealed that the N-terminal region of MCR (MCR-N; amino acids 1-549) and the C-terminal region of MCR (MCR-C; amino acids 550-1219) were functionally distinct. The malonyl-CoA was reduced into free intermediate malonate semialdehyde with NADPH by MCR-C fragment, and further reduced to 3HP by MCR-N fragment. In this process, the initial reduction of malonyl-CoA was rate limiting. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the TGXXXG(A)X(1-2)G and YXXXK motifs were important for enzyme activities of both MCR-N and MCR-C fragments. Moreover, the enzyme activity increased when MCR was separated into two individual fragments. Kinetic analysis showed that MCR-C fragment had higher affinity for malonyl-CoA and 4-time higher Kcat/Km value than MCR. Dissecting MCR into MCR-N and MCR-C fragments also had a positive effect on the 3HP production in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain. Our study showed the feasibility of protein dissection as a new strategy in biosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Xian
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yamei Ding
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Jiang M, Pfeifer BA. Metabolic and pathway engineering to influence native and altered erythromycin production through E. coli. Metab Eng 2013; 19:42-9. [PMID: 23747605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous production of the complex antibiotic erythromycin through Escherichia coli provides a unique challenge in metabolic engineering. In addition to introducing the 19 foreign genes needed for heterologous biosynthesis, E. coli metabolism must be engineered to provide the propionyl-CoA and (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA substrates required to allow erythromycin formation. In this work, three different pathways to propionyl-CoA were compared in the context of supporting E. coli erythromycin biosynthesis. The comparison revealed that alternative citramalate and threonine metabolic pathways (both starting from exogenous glycerol) were capable of supporting final compound formation equal to a proven pathway reliant upon exogenous propionate. Furthermore, two pathways to (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA were compared in the production of a novel benzyl-erythromycin analog. A pathway dependent upon exogenous methylmalonate improved selectivity and facilitated antibiotic assessment of this new analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Heinrich D, Andreessen B, Madkour MH, Al-Ghamdi MA, Shabbaj II, Steinbüchel A. From waste to plastic: synthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) in Shimwellia blattae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3582-9. [PMID: 23542629 PMCID: PMC3675910 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00161-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, glycerol has become an attractive carbon source for microbial processes, as it accumulates massively as a by-product of biodiesel production, also resulting in a decline of its price. A potential use of glycerol in biotechnology is the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)], a biopolymer with promising properties which is not synthesized by any known wild-type organism. In this study, the genes for 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (dhaT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldD) of Pseudomonas putida KT2442, propionate-coenzyme A (propionate-CoA) transferase (pct) of Clostridium propionicum X2, and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (phaC1) of Ralstonia eutropha H16 were cloned and expressed in the 1,3-propanediol producer Shimwellia blattae. In a two-step cultivation process, recombinant S. blattae cells accumulated up to 9.8% ± 0.4% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]) poly(3HP) with glycerol as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the engineered strain tolerated the application of crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production, yielding a cell density of 4.05 g cell dry weight/liter in a 2-liter fed-batch fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heinrich
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Andreessen
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Madkour
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour A. Al-Ghamdi
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim I. Shabbaj
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Valdehuesa KNG, Liu H, Nisola GM, Chung WJ, Lee SH, Park SJ. Recent advances in the metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid as C3 platform chemical. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3309-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Wang Q, Zhuang Q, Liang Q, Qi Q. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids from structurally-unrelated carbon sources in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang Q, Yang P, Liu C, Xue Y, Xian M, Zhao G. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) from glycerol by recombinant Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:548-551. [PMID: 23414748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic. In this study, a P3HP biosynthetic pathway from glycerol was constructed in recombinant Escherichia coli. The genes for glycerol dehydratase and its reactivating factor (dhaB123 and gdrAB, from Klebsiella pneumoniae), propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (pduP, from Salmonella typhimurium), and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaC1, from Cupriavidus necator) were cloned and expressed in E. coli. After culture condition optimization, the final engineered strain accumulated 10.1 g/L P3HP (46.4% of the cell dry weight) using glycerol and glucose as cosubstrates in an aerobic fed-batch fermentation. To date, this is the highest P3HP production without addition of any expensive precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Mattozzi MD, Ziesack M, Voges MJ, Silver PA, Way JC. Expression of the sub-pathways of the Chloroflexus aurantiacus 3-hydroxypropionate carbon fixation bicycle in E. coli: Toward horizontal transfer of autotrophic growth. Metab Eng 2013; 16:130-9. [PMID: 23376595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HPA) bicycle is unique among CO2-fixing systems in that none of its enzymes appear to be affected by oxygen. Moreover, the bicycle includes a number of enzymes that produce novel intermediates of biotechnological interest, and the CO2-fixing steps in this pathway are relatively rapid. We expressed portions of the 3-HPA bicycle in a heterologous organism, E. coli K12. We subdivided the 3-HPA bicycle into four sub-pathways: (1) synthesis of propionyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, (2) synthesis of succinate from propionyl-CoA, (3) glyoxylate production and regeneration of acetyl-CoA, and (4) assimilation of glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA to form pyruvate and regenerate acetyl-CoA. We expressed the novel enzymes of the 3-HPA bicycle in operon form and used phenotypic tests for activity. Sub-pathway 1 activated a propionate-specific biosensor. Sub-pathway 2, found in non-CO2-fixing bacteria, was reassembled in E. coli using genes from diverse sources. Sub-pathway 3, operating in reverse, generated succinyl-CoA sufficient to rescue a sucAD(-) double mutant of its diaminopimelic acid (DAP) auxotrophy. Sub-pathway 4 was able to reduce the toxicity of propionate and allow propionate to contribute to cell biomass in a prpC(-)(2 methylcitrate synthase) mutant strain. These results indicate that all of the sub-pathways of the 3-HPA bicycle can function to some extent in vivo in a heterologous organism, as indicated by growth tests. Overexpression of certain enzymes was deleterious to cell growth, and, in particular, expression of MMC-CoA lyase caused a mucoid phenotype. These results have implications for metabolic engineering and for bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew d Mattozzi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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