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Dal'Sasso TCDS, Rocha VDD, Rody HVS, Costa MDBL, Oliveira LOD. The necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like protein (NLP) gene family of the plant pathogen Corynespora cassiicola. Curr Genet 2022; 68:645-659. [PMID: 36098767 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Effectors are secreted by plant-associated microorganisms to modify the host cell physiology. As effectors, the Necrosis- and Ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) are involded in the early phases of plant infection and may trigger host immune responses. Corynespora cassiicola is a polyphagous plant pathogen that causes target spot on many agriculturally important crops. Using genome assembly, gene prediction, and proteome annotation tools, we retrieved 135 NLP-encoding genes from proteomes of 44 isolates. We explored the evolutionary history of NLPs using Bayesian phylogeny, gene genealogies, and selection analyses. We accessed the expression profiles of the NLP genes during the early phase of C. cassiicola-soybean interaction. Three NLP putative-effector genes (Cc_NLP1.1, Cc_NLP1.2A, and Cc_NLP1.2B) were maintained in the genomes of all isolates tested. An NLP putative-non-effector gene (Cc_NLP1.3) was found in three isolates that had been originally obtained from soybean. Putative-effector NLPs were under different selective constraints: Cc_NLP1.1 was under stronger selective pressure, while Cc_NLP1.2A was under a more relaxed constraint. Meanwhile, Cc_NLP1.2B likely evolved under either positive or balancing selection. Despite highly divergent, the putative-effector NLPs maintain conserved the residues necessary to trigger plant immune responses, suggesting they are potentially functional. Only the Cc_NLP1.1 putative-effector gene was significantly expressed at the early hours of soybean colonization, while Cc_NLP1.2A and Cc_NLP1.2B showed much lower levels of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo Vianna Silva Rody
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo/Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Orlando de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Ngo KX, Nguyen PDN, Furusho H, Miyata M, Shimonaka T, Chau NNB, Vinh NP, Nghia NA, Mohammed TO, Ichikawa T, Kodera N, Konno H, Fukuma T, Quoc NB. Unraveling the Host-Selective Toxic Interaction of Cassiicolin with Lipid Membranes and Its Cytotoxicity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1524-1536. [PMID: 35238604 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0397-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cassiicolin (Cas), a toxin produced by Corynespora cassiicola, is responsible for Corynespora leaf fall disease in susceptible rubber trees. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of Cas and its host selectivity have not been fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the binding of Cas1 and Cas2 to membranes consisting of different plant lipids and their membrane disruption activities. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy, we reveal that the binding and disruption activities of Cas1 and Cas2 on lipid membranes are strongly dependent on the specific plant lipids. The negative phospholipids, glycerolipids, and sterols are more sensitive to membrane damage caused by Cas1 and Cas2 than neutral phospholipids and betaine lipids. Mature Cas1 and Cas2 play an essential role in causing membrane disruption. Cytotoxicity tests on rubber leaves of Rubber Research Institute of Vietnam (RRIV) 1, RRIV 4, and Prang Besar (PB) 255 clones suggest that the toxins cause necrosis of rubber leaves, except for the strong resistance of PB 255 against Cas2. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy analyses of necrotic leaf tissues treated with Cas1 confirm that cytoplasmic membranes are vulnerable to the toxin. Thus, the host selectivity of Cas toxin is attained by the lipid-dependent binding activity of Cas to the membrane, and the cytotoxicity of Cas arises from its ability to form biofilm-like structures and to disrupt specific membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Xuan Ngo
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Phuong Doan N Nguyen
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hirotoshi Furusho
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyata
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimonaka
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Bao Chau
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Tareg Omer Mohammed
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ichikawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konno
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nguyen Bao Quoc
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Ma Q, Wu H, Geng Y, Li Q, Zang R, Guo Y, Xu C, Zhang M. Mitogenome-wide comparison and phylogeny reveal group I intron dynamics and intraspecific diversification within the phytopathogen Corynespora cassiicola. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5987-5999. [PMID: 34849203 PMCID: PMC8598970 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynespora cassiicola, the causal agent of an extensive range of plant diseases worldwide, is a momentous fungus with diverse lifestyles and rich in intraspecies variations. In the present study, a total of 56 mitochondrial genomes of C. cassiicola were assembled (except two available online) and analyzed, of which 16 mitogenomes were newly sequenced here. All these circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules, ranging from 39,223 bp to 45,786 bp in length, comprised the same set of 13 core protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs and 27 tRNAs arranged in identical order. Across the above conserved genes, nad3 had the largest genetic distance between different isolates and was possibly subjected to positive selection pressure. Comparative mitogenomic analysis indicated that seven group I (IB, IC1, and IC2) introns with a length range of 1013-1876 bp were differentially inserted in three core PCGs (cox1, nad1, and nad5), resulting in the varied mitogenome sizes among C. cassiicola isolates. In combination with dynamic distribution of the introns, a well-supported mitogenome-wide phylogeny of the 56 C. cassiicola isolates revealed eight phylogenetic groups, which only had weak correlations with host range and toxin class. Different groups of isolates exhibited obvious differences in length and GC content of some genes, while a degree of variance in codon usage and tRNA structure was also observed. This research served as the first report on mitogenomic comparisons within C. cassiicola, and could provide new insights into its intraspecific microevolution and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Analytical Instrument Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuehua Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhao Q, Shi Y, Wang Y, Xie X, Li L, Guo L, Chai A, Li B. Quantifying Airborne Dispersal Route of Corynespora cassiicola in Greenhouses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716758. [PMID: 34594313 PMCID: PMC8478286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Target leaf spot (TLS), caused by Corynespora cassiicola, is an emerging and high-incidence disease that has spread rapidly on the global scale. Aerospores released by infected plants play a significant role in the epidemiology of cucumber TLS disease; however, no data exist concerning the infectiousness and particle size of C. cassiicola aerospores, and the experimental evidence for the aerospores transmission was lacking. In the present study, highly effective approaches to collect and quantify aerospores were developed for exposure chamber and greenhouse studies. Quantifiable levels of C. cassiicola aerospores were detected in 27 air samples from nine naturally infested greenhouses, ranging from 198 to 5,969 spores/m3. The C. cassiicola strains isolated from air samples were infective to healthy cucumber plants. Exposure chambers were constructed to study the characteristics of C. cassiicola aerospores released by artificially infested cucumber plants. The particle size of C. cassiicola ranged predominately from 2.1 to 4.7 μm, accounting for 71.97% of the total amount. In addition, the transmission dynamics of C. cassiicola aerospores from donor cucumber plants to recipient cucumber plants were confirmed in exposure chambers and greenhouses. The concentration of C. cassiicola aerospores was positively associated with cucumber TLS disease severity. This study suggested that aerospore dispersal is an important route for the epidemiology of plant fungal disease, and these data will contribute to the development of new strategies for the effective alleviation and control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuewen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Chai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Baoju Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Li B, Yang Y, Cai J, Liu X, Shi T, Li C, Chen Y, Xu P, Huang G. Genomic Characteristics and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Two Chinese Corynespora cassiicola Strains Causing Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:485. [PMID: 34208763 PMCID: PMC8235470 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubber tree Corynespora leaf fall (CLF) disease, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is one of the most damaging diseases in rubber tree plantations in Asia and Africa, and this disease also threatens rubber nurseries and young rubber plantations in China. C. cassiicola isolates display high genetic diversity, and virulence profiles vary significantly depending on cultivar. Although one phytotoxin (cassicolin) has been identified, it cannot fully explain the diversity in pathogenicity between C. cassiicola species, and some virulent C. cassiicola strains do not contain the cassiicolin gene. In the present study, we report high-quality gapless genome sequences, obtained using short-read sequencing and single-molecule long-read sequencing, of two Chinese C. cassiicola virulent strains. Comparative genomics of gene families in these two stains and a virulent CPP strain from the Philippines showed that all three strains experienced different selective pressures, and metabolism-related gene families vary between the strains. Secreted protein analysis indicated that the quantities of secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes were correlated with pathogenesis, and the most aggressive CCP strain (cassiicolin toxin type 1) encoded 27.34% and 39.74% more secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) than Chinese strains YN49 and CC01, respectively, both of which can only infect rubber tree saplings. The results of antiSMASH analysis showed that all three strains encode ~60 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (SM BGCs). Phylogenomic and domain structure analyses of core synthesis genes, together with synteny analysis of polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, revealed diversity in the distribution of SM BGCs between strains, as well as SM polymorphisms, which may play an important role in pathogenic progress. The results expand our understanding of the C. cassiicola genome. Further comparative genomic analysis indicates that secreted CAZymes and SMs may influence pathogenicity in rubber tree plantations. The findings facilitate future exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jimiao Cai
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chaoping Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yipeng Chen
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Guixiu Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571101, China; (B.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (T.S.); (C.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Pujade-Renaud V, Déon M, Gazis R, Ribeiro S, Dessailly F, Granet F, Chaverri P. Endophytes from Wild Rubber Trees as Antagonists of the Pathogen Corynespora cassiicola. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1888-1899. [PMID: 31290729 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-19-0093-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Corynespora leaf fall disease of rubber trees, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is responsible for important yield losses in Asian and African plantations, whereas its impact is negligible in South America. The objective of this study was to identify potential antagonists of C. cassiicola among fungal endophytes (i.e., Pestalotiopsis, Colletotrichum, and Trichoderma spp.) isolated from wild and cultivated rubber trees distributed in the Peruvian Amazon. We first tested the endophytes in dual in vitro confrontation assays against a virulent C. cassiicola isolate (CCP) obtained from diseased rubber trees in the Philippines. All Trichoderma isolates overran the CCP colony, suggesting some antagonistic mechanism, while species from the other genera behaved as mutual antagonists. Trichoderma isolates were then tested through antibiosis assays for their capacity to produce growth-inhibiting molecules. One isolate (LA279), recovered as an endophyte from a wild Hevea guianensis specimen and identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis, showed significant antibiosis capacity. We demonstrated that LA279 was also able to endophytically colonize the cultivated rubber tree species (H. brasiliensis). Under controlled laboratory conditions, rubber plants were inoculated with three Trichoderma strains, including LA279, in combination with the pathogenic CCP. Results showed that 1 week preinoculation with the endophytes differentially reduced CCP mycelial development and symptoms. In conclusion, this study suggests that T. koningiopsis isolate LA279-and derivate compounds-could be a promising candidate for the biological control of the important rubber tree pathogen C. cassiicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pujade-Renaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Déon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Romina Gazis
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, U.S.A
| | - Sébastien Ribeiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Dessailly
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Granet
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques MICHELIN, Place des Carmes-Déchaux, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
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