1
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Zhang GS, Li HY, Liang LF, Fu CQ, Yu Q, Liu K, Su ZW, Zhou DM, Gao CH, Xu XY, Liu YH. Secofumitremorgins C and D, a pair of atropisomers from saltern-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus GXIMD00544. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:1049-1056. [PMID: 38753589 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2349664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A pair of atropisomers secofumitremorgins C (1a) and D (1b), together with fifteen known alkaloids (2-16), were isolated from a saltern-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus GXIMD00544. The structures of atropisomers 1a and 1b were elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic data, chemical reaction and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 and 8 displayed antifungal spore germination effects against plant pathogenic fungus associated with sugarcane Fusarium sp. with inhibitory rates of 53% and 77% at the concentration of 100 µM, repectively. Atropisomers 1 also exhibited antifouling potential against Balanus amphitrite larval settlement with an inhibitory rate of 96% at the concentration of 100 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Si Zhang
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Li-Fen Liang
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Chun-Qing Fu
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Su
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Cheng-Hai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xin-Ya Xu
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
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2
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Švedienė J, Raudonienė V, Mizerienė G, Rimšaitė J, Davenis SA, Ivinskis P. First Data on the Investigation of Gut Yeasts in Hermit Beetle ( Osmoderma barnabita Motschulsky, 1845) Larvae in Lithuania. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:442. [PMID: 39057327 PMCID: PMC11277970 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, yeasts from the gut of O. barnabita larvae were isolated and molecularly identified. It is worth noting that this research provides the first analysis of the gut yeast community in O. barnabita larvae in Lithuania, which is a significant contribution to the field. Two hermit-like L3-praepupa instars were collected from a decaying oak log in Lithuania. The isolation, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology of the yeast isolates were characterized using standards commonly employed in yeast taxonomy studies. The isolates were identified by sequencing the large subunit (26S) rDNA (D1/D2 domain of the LSU). All gut compartments were colonized by the yeast. A total of 45 yeast strains were obtained from the gut of both O. barnabita larvae, with 23 strains originating from Larva 1, 16 strains from Larva 2, and 6 strains from the galleries. According to our identification results of the 45 yeast strains, most of the species were related to Ascomycota, with most of them belonging to the Saccharomycetales order. Yeasts of the genera Candida, Debaryomyces, Meyerozyma, Priceomyces, Schwanniomyces, Spencermartinsiella, Trichomonascus, and Blastobotrys were present in gut of O. barnabita larvae. Species of the Trichosporonales order represented the Basidiomycota phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Švedienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Vita Raudonienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Goda Mizerienė
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jolanta Rimšaitė
- Laboratory of Entomology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.R.); (S.A.D.); (P.I.)
| | - Sigitas Algis Davenis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.R.); (S.A.D.); (P.I.)
| | - Povilas Ivinskis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.R.); (S.A.D.); (P.I.)
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3
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Xian F, Yang L, Ye H, Xu J, Yue X, Wang X. Revealing the Mechanism of Aroma Production Driven by High Salt Stress in Trichomonascus ciferrii WLW. Foods 2024; 13:1593. [PMID: 38890822 PMCID: PMC11172348 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Douchi is a Chinese traditional fermented food with a unique flavor. Methyl anthranilate (MA) plays an important role in formation of this flavor. However, the complicated relationship between the MA formation and the metabolic mechanism of the key functional microorganisms remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the response mechanism of aroma production driven by high salt stress in Trichomonascus ciferrii WLW (T. ciferrii WLW), which originates from the douchi fermentation process. The highest production of MA was obtained in a 10% NaCl environment. The enhanced expression of the key enzyme genes of the pentose phosphate pathway and shikimic acid pathway directed carbon flow toward aromatic amino acid synthesis and helped sustain an increased expression of metK to synthesize a large amount of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, which promoted methyl anthranilate yield. This provides a theoretical basis for in-depth research on the applications of the flavor formation mechanisms of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Xian
- School of Life Science (Health), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (F.X.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Life Science (Health), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (F.X.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.X.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Huaqing Ye
- School of Life Science (Health), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (F.X.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinlin Xu
- School of Life Science (Health), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (F.X.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaoping Yue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- School of Life Science (Health), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (F.X.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (J.X.)
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4
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Elegbede JA, Lateef A, Gueguim-Kana EB, Beukes LS, Matyumza N. Multi-functional xylanase from Aspergillus sydowii: biosynthesis of nanoconjugates, optimization by Taguchi approach and biodeinking potential. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:622-636. [PMID: 37772603 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2261037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The search for effective production of xylanase which is an important industrial enzyme led to the present study that explored xylanase production by Aspergillus sydowii SF through Taguchi optimization that incorporated nanoconjugates in submerged fermentation. Calcium and zinc oxide nanoconjugates biosynthesized by xylanase were characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The xylanase-mediated calcium oxide and zinc oxide nanoconjugates with λmax of 374 and 316 nm, respectively, and were 5.32-17.69 nm in size. Xylanase production was improved by 2.90-10.58 folds (64.24-234.15 U/mL) through Taguchi optimization cum nanoconjugates, and ANOVA showed that nanoconjugates contributed 13.62-65.97% to improved production. The xylanase had up to 88.38% deinking activity, with 49.60-84.64% removal of blue color. The remarkable xylanase production, its use to biosynthesize nanoconjugates and biodeinking potentials contribute to the development of versatile biocatalysts with applications in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and sustainable paper production. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of xylanase for biosynthesis of calcium oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as nanosupplementation to induce xylanase production, which can open new vista in bioprocess optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Elegbede
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A Lateef
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group (NANO+), Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - E B Gueguim-Kana
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, PieterMaritzburg, South Africa
| | - L S Beukes
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, PieterMaritzburg, South Africa
| | - N Matyumza
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, PieterMaritzburg, South Africa
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5
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Agrawal S, Chavan P, Dufossé L. Hidden Treasure: Halophilic Fungi as a Repository of Bioactive Lead Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:290. [PMID: 38667961 PMCID: PMC11051466 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pressing demand for novel compounds to address contemporary health challenges has prompted researchers to venture into uncharted territory, including extreme ecosystems, in search of new natural pharmaceuticals. Fungi capable of tolerating extreme conditions, known as extremophilic fungi, have garnered attention for their ability to produce unique secondary metabolites crucial for defense and communication, some of which exhibit promising clinical significance. Among these, halophilic fungi thriving in high-salinity environments have particularly piqued interest for their production of bioactive molecules. This review highlights the recent discoveries regarding novel compounds from halotolerant fungal strains isolated from various saline habitats. From diverse fungal species including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Myrothecium, and Cladosporium, a plethora of intriguing molecules have been elucidated, showcasing diverse chemical structures and bioactivity. These compounds exhibit cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines such as A549, HL60, and K-562, antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans, as well as radical-scavenging properties. Notable examples include variecolorins, sclerotides, alternarosides, and chrysogesides, among others. Additionally, several compounds display unique structural motifs, such as spiro-anthronopyranoid diketopiperazines and pentacyclic triterpenoids. The results emphasize the significant promise of halotolerant fungi in providing bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological uses. However, despite their potential, halophilic fungi are still largely unexplored as sources of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivankar Agrawal
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), V Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar-AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Delhi 110029, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India;
| | - Pruthviraj Chavan
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India;
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, ChemBioPro, Université de La Réunion, Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs—Réunion, Océan Indien ESIROI Agroalimentaire, 97410 Saint-Denis, France
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6
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Gostinčar C, Gunde-Cimerman N. Black yeasts in hypersaline conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:252. [PMID: 38441672 PMCID: PMC10914880 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi are an important part of microbial communities that thrive in extreme environments. Among them, the black yeasts are particularly adaptable. They use their melanized cell walls and versatile morphology, as well as a complex set of molecular adaptations, to survive in conditions that are lethal to most other species. In contrast to extremophilic bacteria and archaea, these fungi are typically extremotolerant rather than extremophilic and exhibit an unusually wide ecological amplitude. Some extremely halotolerant black yeasts can grow in near-saturated NaCl solutions, but can also grow on normal mycological media. They adapt to the low water activity caused by high salt concentrations by sensing their environment, balancing osmotic pressure by accumulating compatible solutes, removing toxic salt ions from the cell using membrane transporters, altering membrane composition and remodelling the highly melanized cell wall. As protection against extreme conditions, halotolerant black yeasts also develop different morphologies, from yeast-like to meristematic. Genomic studies of black yeasts have revealed a variety of reproductive strategies, from clonality to intense recombination and the formation of stable hybrids. Although a comprehensive understanding of the ecological role and molecular adaptations of halotolerant black yeasts remains elusive and the application of many experimental methods is challenging due to their slow growth and recalcitrant cell walls, much progress has been made in deciphering their halotolerance. Advances in molecular tools and genomics are once again accelerating the research of black yeasts, promising further insights into their survival strategies and the molecular basis of their adaptations. KEY POINTS: • Black yeasts show remarkable adaptability to environmental stress • Black yeasts are part of microbial communities in hypersaline environments • Halotolerant black yeasts utilise various molecular and morphological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Gostinčar
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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7
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Zaghloul EH, Abdel-Latif HH, Elsayis A, Hassan SWM. Production and characterization of novel marine black yeast's exopolysaccharide with potential antiradical and anticancer prospects. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:60. [PMID: 38388439 PMCID: PMC10882794 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine black yeasts are characterized by the production of many novel protective substances. These compounds increase their physiological adaptation to multi-extreme environmental stress. Hence, the exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing marine black yeast SAHE was isolated in this study. It was molecularly identified as Hortaea werneckii (identity 98.5%) through ITS1 and ITS4 gene sequencing analysis. The physicochemical properties of the novel SAHE-EPS were investigated through FTIR, GC-MS, TGA, ESM, and EDX analysis, revealing its heteropolysaccharide nature. SAHE-EPS was found to be thermostable and mainly consists of sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, and galactose. Furthermore, it exhibited an amorphous texture and irregular porous surface structure. SAHE-EPS showed significant antiradical activity, as demonstrated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 was recorded to be 984.9 μg/mL. In addition, SAHE-EPS exhibited outstanding anticancer activity toward the A549 human lung cancer cell line (IC50 = 22.9 μg/mL). Conversely, it demonstrates minimal cytotoxicity toward the WI-38 normal lung cell line (IC50 = 203 μg/mL), which implies its safety. This study represents the initial attempt to isolate and characterize the chemical properties of an EPS produced by the marine black yeast H. werneckii as a promising antiradical and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H Zaghloul
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Asmaa Elsayis
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar W M Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Abstract
Hypersaline waters and glacial ice are inhospitable environments that have low water activity and high concentrations of osmolytes. They are inhabited by diverse microbial communities, of which extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi are essential components. Some fungi are specialized in only one of these two environments and can thrive in conditions that are lethal to most other life-forms. Others are generalists, highly adaptable species that occur in both environments and tolerate a wide range of extremes. Both groups efficiently balance cellular osmotic pressure and ion concentration, stabilize cell membranes, remodel cell walls, and neutralize intracellular oxidative stress. Some species use unusual reproductive strategies. Further investigation of these adaptations with new methods and carefully designed experiments under ecologically relevant conditions will help predict the role of fungi in hypersaline and glacial environments affected by climate change, decipher their stress resistance mechanisms and exploit their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
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9
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Kempken F. Marine fungi: A treasure trove of novel natural products and for biological discovery. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011624. [PMID: 37733683 PMCID: PMC10513230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kempken
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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10
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Saber WIA, Ghoniem AA, Al-Otibi FO, El-Hersh MS, Eldadamony NM, Menaa F, Elattar KM. A comparative study using response surface methodology and artificial neural network towards optimized production of melanin by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13545. [PMID: 37598271 PMCID: PMC10439932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of three independent variables (i.e., tyrosine, sucrose, and incubation time) on melanin production by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW was unraveled by two distinctive approaches: response surface methodology (i.e. Box Behnken design (BBD)) and artificial neural network (ANN) in this study for the first time ever using a simple medium. Regarding BBD, sucrose and incubation intervals did impose a significant influence on the output (melanin levels), however, tyrosine did not. The validation process exhibited a high consistency of BBD and ANN paradigms with the experimental melanin production. Concerning ANN, the predicted values of melanin were highly comparable to the experimental values, with minor errors competing with BBD. Highly comparable experimental values of melanin were achieved upon using BBD (9.295 ± 0.556 g/L) and ANN (10.192 ± 0.782 g/L). ANN accurately predicted melanin production and showed more improvement in melanin production by about 9.7% higher than BBD. The purified melanin structure was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results verified the hierarchical architecture of the particles as small compasses by SEM analysis, inter-layer spacing in the XRD analysis, maximal atomic % for carbon, and oxygen atoms in the EDX analysis, and the great thermal stability in the TGA analysis of the purified melanin. Interestingly, the current novel endophytic strain was tyrosine-independent, and the uniquely applied ANN paradigm was more efficient in modeling the melanin production with appreciate amount on a simple medium in a relatively short time (168 h), suggesting additional optimization studies for further maximization of melanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- WesamEldin I A Saber
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Ghoniem
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Fatimah O Al-Otibi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed S El-Hersh
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Noha M Eldadamony
- Seed Pathology Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt.
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Engineering (BEE), Fluorotronics, Inc. California Innovation Corporation, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Chen J, Cui YW, Huang MQ, Yan HJ, Li D. Static magnetic field increases aerobic nitrogen removal from hypersaline wastewater in activated sludge with coexistence of fungi and bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129194. [PMID: 37196737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have been found to exist in activated sludge treating saline wastewater, but their role in removing pollution has been neglected. This study explored the aerobic removal of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) from saline wastewater under static magnetic fields (SMFs) with several strengths. Compared to the control, the aerobic removal of TIN was significantly increased by 1.47 times in 50 mT SMF, due to the increased dissimilation nitrogen removal by fungi and bacteria. Under SMF, fungal nitrogen dissimilation removal was significantly increased by 3.65 times. The fungal population size decreased, and its community composition changed significantly under SMF. In contrast, bacterial community composition and population remained relatively stable. Under SMFs, heterotrophic nitrification - aerobic denitrification bacteria Paracoccus and the fungi denitrifying Candida formed a synergistic interaction. This study elucidates the fungal role in aerobic TIN removal and provides an efficient solution to improve TIN removal from saline wastewater by SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - You-Wei Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Mei-Qi Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing Capital Eco-Environment Protection Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100044, China
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12
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Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Guermazi W, Annabi-Trabelsi N, Belmonte G, Guermazi K, Ayadi H, Leignel V. Solar Salterns and Pollution: Valorization of Some Endemic Species as Sentinels in Ecotoxicology. TOXICS 2023; 11:524. [PMID: 37368624 PMCID: PMC10303847 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Solar salterns and salt marshes are unique ecosystems with special physicochemical features and characteristic biota. Currently, there are very few studies focused on the impacts of pollution on these economic and ecological systems. Unfortunately, diversified pollution (metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, etc.) has been detected in these complex ecosystems. These hypersaline environments are under increasing threat due to anthropogenic pressures. Despite this, they represent a valuable source of microbial diversity, with taxa displaying special features in terms of environmental remediation capacities as well as economical species such as Artemia spp. (Branchiopoda) and Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta). In this review, we discuss the impacts of pollution on these semi-artificial systems. Therefore, we have indicated the sentinel species identified in plankton communities, which can be used in ecotoxicological investigations in solar salterns. In future, researchers should increase their interest in pollution assessment in solar salterns and salt marshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guermazi
- Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Université de Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia; (W.G.); (N.A.-T.); (K.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Neila Annabi-Trabelsi
- Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Université de Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia; (W.G.); (N.A.-T.); (K.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Genuario Belmonte
- Laboratory of Zoogeography and Fauna, University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Kais Guermazi
- Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Université de Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia; (W.G.); (N.A.-T.); (K.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Université de Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia; (W.G.); (N.A.-T.); (K.G.); (H.A.)
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
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14
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Wingfield LK, Jitprasitporn N, Che-alee N. Isolation and characterization of halophilic and halotolerant fungi from man-made solar salterns in Pattani Province, Thailand. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281623. [PMID: 36780513 PMCID: PMC9925087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored culturable halophilic and halotolerant fungi from man-made solar salterns in Pattani Province, Thailand. A total of 24 fungal isolates were discovered and characterized using morphological and molecular identification. Production of extracellular enzymes, secondary metabolites and mycoviruses was examined. Growth was observed in salinity and temperature ranges between 0%-20% and 28-40°C, respectively. Growth in different environmental conditions confirmed the halophilic or halotolerant nature of some strains. Fungal isolates were phylogenetically classified into seven different genera belonging to Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Ectophoma, Fusarium and Penicillium. An enzymatic production test revealed that thirteen isolates could produce proteases and amylases at different levels. The presence of mycoviruses was detected in three isolates. Seventeen of the 24 isolates produced antimicrobial metabolites. The majority of these active isolates were identified as Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Crude extracts of the fungal mycelia and culture broths from these isolates had an inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and human pathogenic fungi. Research into fungi from saline environments could reveal fungal strains of biotechnological and industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkhana Kanhayuwa Wingfield
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Ninadia Jitprasitporn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nureeda Che-alee
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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15
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Wu K, Liu Y, Liao X, Yang X, Chen Z, Mo L, Zhong S, Zhang X. Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Coastal Sediments from Guangdong, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010101. [PMID: 36675922 PMCID: PMC9866456 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As one core of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), Guangdong is facing some serious coastal environmental problems. Fungi are more vulnerable to changes in coastal environments than bacteria and archaea. This study investigated the fungal diversity and composition by high-throughput sequencing and detected basic parameters of seven environmental factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) at 11 sites. A total of 2056 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 147 genera in 6 phyla were recovered; Archaeorhizomyces (17.5%) and Aspergillus (14.19%) were the most dominant genera. Interestingly, a total of 14 genera represented the first reports of coastal fungi in this study. Furthermore, there were nine genera of fungi that were significantly correlated with environmental factors. FUNGuild analysis indicated that saprotrophs and pathogens were the two trophic types with the highest proportions. Saprotrophs were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), while pathogens were significantly correlated with pH. This study provides new scientific data for the study of the diversity and composition of fungal communities in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zihui Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.Z.)
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16
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Shree B, Jayakrishnan U, Bhushan S. Impact of key parameters involved with plant-microbe interaction in context to global climate change. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008451. [PMID: 36246210 PMCID: PMC9561941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have a critical influence on climate change that directly or indirectly impacts plant and microbial diversity on our planet. Due to climate change, there is an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme environmental events such as temperature rise, drought, and precipitation. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2, CH4, NOx, water vapor, increase in global temperature, and change in rainfall patterns have impacted soil–plant-microbe interactions, which poses a serious threat to food security. Microbes in the soil play an essential role in plants’ resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. The soil microbial communities are sensitive and responsive to these stressors. Therefore, a systemic approach to climate adaptation will be needed which acknowledges the multidimensional nature of plant-microbe-environment interactions. In the last two scores of years, there has been an enhancement in the understanding of plant’s response to microbes at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels due to the availability of techniques and tools. This review highlights some of the critical factors influencing plant-microbe interactions under stress. The association and response of microbe and plants as a result of several stresses such as temperature, salinity, metal toxicity, and greenhouse gases are also depicted. New tools to study the molecular complexity of these interactions, such as genomic and sequencing approaches, which provide researchers greater accuracy, reproducibility, and flexibility for exploring plant-microbe–environment interactions under a changing climate, are also discussed in the review, which will be helpful in the development of resistant crops/plants in present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | | | - Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Shashi Bhushan,
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17
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Zeng F, Zhu Y, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Li Q, Ma P, Zhang G, Wang Y, Wu S, Guo S, Sun G. Metagenomic analysis of the soil microbial composition and salt tolerance mechanism in Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi Province. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1004556. [PMID: 36225369 PMCID: PMC9549588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil in Yuncheng Salt Lake has serious salinization and the biogeographic environment affects the composition and distribution of special halophilic and salt-tolerant microbial communities in this area. Therefore, this study collected soils at distances of 15, 30, and 45 m from the Salt Lake and used non-saline soil (60 m) as a control to explore the microbial composition and salt tolerance mechanisms using metagenomics technology. The results showed that the dominant species and abundance of salt-tolerant microorganisms changed gradually with distance from Salt Lake. The salt-tolerant microorganisms can increase the expression of the Na+/H+ antiporter by upregulating the Na+/H+ antiporter subunit mnhA-G to respond to salt stress, simultaneously upregulating the genes in the betaine/proline transport system to promote the conversion of choline into betaine, while also upregulating the trehalose/maltose transport system encode genes to promote the synthesis of trehalose to resist a high salt environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quansheng Li
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, Xinjiang, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenjie Wu
- Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Sun,
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18
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Wang SY, Wang Y, Li Y. Cladosporium spp. (Cladosporiaceae) isolated from Eucommiaulmoides in China. MycoKeys 2022; 91:151-168. [PMID: 36760889 PMCID: PMC9849062 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.91.87841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiaulmoides is a rare tree species in China with high medicinal and gum value. Nine strains of hyphomycetous fungi were isolated from the leaf litter of E.ulmoides in Guizhou Province. Preliminary identifications based on ITS indicated that they belong to the genus Cladosporium. Morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the nrDNA, the partial translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) gene and partial of actin (act) gene confirmed that the strains represent four species, including two novel taxa, viz., Cladosporiumeucommiae and C.guizhouense and two new substrate records for known species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China,College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China,College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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19
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Elsayis A, Hassan SWM, Ghanem KM, Khairy H. Suggested Sustainable Medical and Environmental Uses of Melanin Pigment From Halotolerant Black Yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:871394. [PMID: 35495654 PMCID: PMC9048979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine ecosystem is a complex niche with unique environmental circumstances. Microbial communities from the sea are one of the main origins of compounds with tremendous capabilities. Marine yeasts have the ability to produce secondary metabolites that are architecturally distinct from those found in terrestrial species. Melanin pigment synthesized by marine halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1 isolated from Mediterranean salt lakes in Alexandria, Egypt was found to exert a radical scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 of 61.38 μg/ml. Furthermore, it showed no cytotoxicity toward human skin fibroblast cell line (HSF) with an IC50 value above 0.1 mg/ml. The antimicrobial capability of the pigment was revealed against the tested number of bacterial and fungal strains with the highest inhibition zone of 25 mm against Aeromonas sp. and a growth inhibition percentage up to 63.6% against Aspergillus niger. From an environmental impact point of view, the pigment disclosed a heavy metal removal efficiency of 85.7, 84.8, and 81.5% for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+, respectively, at 100 mg/L metal concentration. The previously mentioned results suggested melanin from H. werneckii AS1 as a promising biocompatible candidate in various medical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elsayis
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar W M Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Khairy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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20
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Jiménez-Gómez I, Valdés-Muñoz G, Moreno-Ulloa A, Pérez-Llano Y, Moreno-Perlín T, Silva-Jiménez H, Barreto-Curiel F, Sánchez-Carbente MDR, Folch-Mallol JL, Gunde-Cimerman N, Lago-Lestón A, Batista-García RA. Surviving in the Brine: A Multi-Omics Approach for Understanding the Physiology of the Halophile Fungus Aspergillus sydowii at Saturated NaCl Concentration. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840408. [PMID: 35586858 PMCID: PMC9108488 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various studies have investigated osmoadaptations of halophilic fungi to saline conditions, only few analyzed the fungal mechanisms occurring at saturated NaCl concentrations. Halophilic Aspergillus sydowii is a model organism for the study of molecular adaptations of filamentous fungi to hyperosmolarity. For the first time a multi-omics approach (i.e., transcriptomics and metabolomics) was used to compare A. sydowii at saturated concentration (5.13 M NaCl) to optimal salinity (1 M NaCl). Analysis revealed 1,842 genes differentially expressed of which 704 were overexpressed. Most differentially expressed genes were involved in metabolism and signal transduction. A gene ontology multi-scale network showed that ATP binding constituted the main network node with direct interactions to phosphorelay signal transduction, polysaccharide metabolism, and transferase activity. Free amino acids significantly decreased and amino acid metabolism was reprogrammed at 5.13 M NaCl. mRNA transcriptional analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in methionine and cysteine biosynthesis at extreme water deprivation by NaCl. No modifications of membrane fatty acid composition occurred. Upregulated genes were involved in high-osmolarity glycerol signal transduction pathways, biosynthesis of β-1,3-glucans, and cross-membrane ion transporters. Downregulated genes were related to the synthesis of chitin, mannose, cell wall proteins, starvation, pheromone synthesis, and cell cycle. Non-coding RNAs represented the 20% of the total transcripts with 7% classified as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The 42% and 69% of the total lncRNAs and RNAs encoding transcription factors, respectively, were differentially expressed. A network analysis showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs and RNAs coding transcriptional factors were mainly related to the regulation of metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, protein kinase activity, and plasma membrane composition. Metabolomic analyses revealed more complex and unknown metabolites at saturated NaCl concentration than at optimal salinity. This study is the first attempt to unravel the molecular ecology of an ascomycetous fungus at extreme water deprivation by NaCl (5.13 M). This work also represents a pioneer study to investigate the importance of lncRNAs and transcriptional factors in the transcriptomic response to high NaCl stress in halophilic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Jiménez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gisell Valdés-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Aldo Moreno-Ulloa
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Yordanis Pérez-Llano
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Moreno-Perlín
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hortencia Silva-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Asunción Lago-Lestón
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ramón Alberto Batista-García, ;
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21
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Wei YL, Long ZJ, Ren MX. Microbial community and functional prediction during the processing of salt production in a 1000-year-old marine solar saltern of South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152014. [PMID: 34852250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Hainan Island, South China, a 1000-year-old marine saltern has been identified as an intangible cultural heritage due to its historical complicated salt-making techniques, whereas the knowledge about this saltern is extremely limited. Herein, DNA sequencing and biochemical technologies were applied to determine bacterial and fungal communities of this saltern and their possible functions during four stages of salt-making, i.e. seawater storage, mud solarization, brine concentrating, and solar crystallization. The results showed that both of bacterial and fungal communities were suffered from significant changes during processing of salt-making in Danzhou Ancient Saltern, whereas the richness and diversity of bacterial community dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Cyanobacteria was considerably greater than that of fungal community dominated by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Additionally, the succession of bacterial community was closely associated with both of salt physicochemical properties (Na+, Cl-, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and bacteria themselves, whereas fungal community was more closely associated with physicochemical properties than fungi themselves. Importantly, Cyanobium_PCC-6307, Synechococcus_CC9902, Marinobacter, Prevotella and Halomonas as dominant bacterial genera respectively related to the metabolisms of amino acid, carbohydrate, terpenoids/polyketides, lipid and nucleotide were correlated with salt flavors. Saprophytic and saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi dominated by Aspergillus, Mortierella, Amanita, Neocucurbitaria and Tausonia also played core roles in the formation of salt flavors including umami and sweet smells. These findings revealed the highly specified microbiome community in this 1000-year-old saltern that mainly selected by brine solarization on basalt platforms, which is helpful to explore the underlying mechanisms of traditional salt-making techniques and to explore the useful microbes for nowadays food, medicine and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
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22
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Boucherit Z, Flahaut S, Djoudi B, Mouas TN, Mechakra A, Ameddah S. Potential of Halophilic Penicillium chrysogenum Isolated from Algerian Saline Soil to Produce Laccase on Olive Oil Wastes. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:178. [PMID: 35488945 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes from halophilic fungi offer interesting biotechnological applications, which lead us to explore novel producing strains. 23 fungi were isolated from Algerian saline soil. Among the three strains presenting laccase activities, one exhibited the high decolourising capacity of olive mill wastewaters. Identification showed that the efficient isolate GS15 belongs to Penicillium chrysogenum. This strain achieves optimal growth at 15% NaCl, 25 °C, pH 5, dark, aerobic and static conditions. The selected fungus is capable of producing extracellular enzymes as follows: caseinase, tannase, esterase and lipase. The laccase activities produced by P. chrysogenum on raw olive wastes are being reported here for the first time. GS15 produced 183.0 and 203.0 U/L of laccase activities in 10% and 20% unsupplemented olive mill wastewaters, respectively. The significant enzymatic activities can be correlated to the high ability of GS15 to decolourise industrial wastewater from the olive oil extraction. In these conditions no pre-treatment of olive wastewaters was needed. On the untreated grinded and non-grinded olive pomace, the laccase activity was 5.78 U/g and 5.36 U/g, respectively. Because the halophilic fungus has basic requirement for growth, this fungal strain is promising for saline biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Boucherit
- Laboratoire d'Obtention des Substances Thérapeutiques, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Campus Chaabet Ersas, 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Sigrid Flahaut
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus du CERIA, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brahim Djoudi
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Repartie, Université Abdelhamid Mehri Constantine 2 (UC2AM), 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Toma-Nardjes Mouas
- Laboratoire d'Obtention des Substances Thérapeutiques, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Campus Chaabet Ersas, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Aicha Mechakra
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Souad Ameddah
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), 25000, Constantine, Algeria
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23
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Elsayis A, Hassan SWM, Ghanem KM, Khairy H. Optimization of melanin pigment production from the halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1 isolated from solar salter in Alexandria. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:92. [PMID: 35395716 PMCID: PMC8991569 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanins are one of the magnificent natural pigments synthesized by a wide range of microorganisms including different species of fungi and bacteria. Marine black yeasts appear to be potential prospects for the synthesis of natural melanin pigment. As a result, the goal of this research was to isolate a marine black yeast melanin-producing strain and improve the culturing conditions in order to maximize the yield of such a valuable pigment. Results Among five locally isolated black yeast strains, the only one that demonstrated a potent remarkable melanin pigment production was identified using ITS rDNA as Hortaea werneckii AS1. The extracted pigment’s physiochemical characterization and analytical investigation with Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed its nature as a melanin pigment. The data obtained from the polynomial model’s maximum point suggested that CaCl2, 1.125 g/L; trace element, 0.25 ml/L; and a culture volume 225 mL/500 mL at their optimal values were the critical three elements impacting melanin production. In comparison with the baseline settings, the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization approach resulted in a 2.0 - fold improvement in melanin output. Conclusions A maximum melanin yield of 0.938 g/L proved the halotolerant H. werneckii AS1 potentiality as a source for natural melanin pigment synthesis ‘when compared to some relevant black yeast strains’ and hence, facilitating its incorporation in a variety of pharmaceutical and environmental applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02505-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elsayis
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar W M Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Khairy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Recent developments in the biology and biotechnological applications of halotolerant yeasts. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:27. [PMID: 34989905 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural hypersaline environments are inhabited by an abundance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms capable of thriving under extreme saline conditions. Yeasts represent a substantial fraction of halotolerant eukaryotic microbiomes and are frequently isolated as food contaminants and from solar salterns. During the last years, a handful of new species has been discovered in moderate saline environments, including estuarine and deep-sea waters. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered the primary osmoadaptation model system for studies of hyperosmotic stress conditions, our increasing understanding of the physiology and molecular biology of halotolerant yeasts provides new insights into their distinct metabolic traits and provides novel and innovative opportunities for genome mining of biotechnologically relevant genes. Yeast species such as Debaryomyces hansenii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Hortaea werneckii and Wallemia ichthyophaga show unique properties, which make them attractive for biotechnological applications. Select halotolerant yeasts are used in food processing and contribute to aromas and taste, while certain gene clusters are used in second generation biofuel production. Finally, both pharmaceutical and chemical industries benefit from applications of halotolerant yeasts as biocatalysts. This comprehensive review summarizes the most recent findings related to the biology of industrially-important halotolerant yeasts and provides a detailed and up-to-date description of modern halotolerant yeast-based biotechnological applications.
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Chung D, Yu WJ, Lim JY, Kang NS, Kwon YM, Choi G, Bae SS, Cho K, Lee DS. Characterization of the Proteolytic Activity of a Halophilic Aspergillus reticulatus Strain SK1-1 Isolated from a Solar Saltern. Microorganisms 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 35056479 PMCID: PMC8781784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salterns are hypersaline environments that are inhabited by diverse halophilic microorganisms, including fungi. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain SK1-1 from a saltern in the Republic of Korea, which was identified as Asperillus reticulatus. This is the first reported saline-environment-derived A. reticulatus that belongs to the Aspergillus penicillioides clade and encompasses xerophilic fungi. SK1-1 was halophilic, obligately requiring NaCl for growth, with a maximum radial growth of 6%-9% (w/v) NaCl. To facilitate the biotechnological application of halophilic fungi, we screened the SK1-1 strain for proteolytic activity. Proteases have widespread applications in food processing, detergents, textiles, and waste treatment, and halophilic proteases can enable protein degradation in high salt environments. We assessed the proteolytic activity of the extracellular crude enzyme of SK1-1 using azocasein as a substrate. The crude protease exhibited maximum activity at 40-50 °C, pH 9.5-10.5, and in the absence of NaCl. It was also able to retain up to 69% of its maximum activity until 7% NaCl. Protease inhibitor assays showed complete inhibition of the proteolytic activity of crude enzymes by Pefabloc® SC. Our data suggest that the halophilic A. reticulatus strain SK1-1 produces an extracellular alkaline serine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Chung
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Lim
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Nam-Seon Kang
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea;
| | - Yong-Min Kwon
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Seung-Sub Bae
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Kichul Cho
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.K.); (G.C.); (S.-S.B.); (K.C.)
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Xu YX, Shen HW, Bao DF, Luo ZL, Su HY, Hao YE. Two new species of Cladosporium from leaf spots of Parispolyphylla in north-western Yunnan Province, China. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e77224. [PMID: 34984042 PMCID: PMC8718519 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e77224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the survey of pathogenic fungi on medicinal plant leaves in Yunnan Province, China, two Cladosporium-like taxa were isolated from leaf spots of Parispolyphylla. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, TEF1-α and ACT genes, two new species were discovered. NEW INFORMATION Two new species Cladosporiumyunnanensis and C.paris are introduced, the detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided. Morphology of the two new species is compared with other related Cladosporium species. This study widens the host diversity of the genus Cladosporium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xin Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaCollege of Public Health, University of South ChinaHengyangChina
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali UniversityDaliChina
| | - Hong-Wei Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali UniversityDaliChina
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, ThailandSchool of Science, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Dan-Feng Bao
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali UniversityDaliChina
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali UniversityDaliChina
| | - Hong-Yan Su
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali UniversityDaliChina
| | - Yu-E Hao
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaCollege of Public Health, University of South ChinaHengyangChina
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Azpiazu-Muniozguren M, Perez A, Rementeria A, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Alonso R, Laorden L, Gamboa J, Bikandi J, Garaizar J, Martinez-Ballesteros I. Fungal Diversity and Composition of the Continental Solar Saltern in Añana Salt Valley (Spain). J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1074. [PMID: 34947056 PMCID: PMC8703443 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Añana Salt Valley in Spain is an active continental solar saltern formed 220 million years ago. To date, no fungal genomic studies of continental salterns have been published, although DNA metabarcoding has recently expanded researchers' ability to study microbial community structures. Accordingly, the aim of this present study was to evaluate fungal diversity using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metabarcoding at different locations along the saltern (springs, ponds, and groundwater) to describe the fungal community of this saline environment. A total of 380 fungal genera were detected. The ubiquity of Saccharomyces was observed in the saltern, although other halotolerant and halophilic fungi like Wallemia, Cladosporium, and Trimmatostroma were also detected. Most of the fungi observed in the saltern were saprotrophs. The fungal distribution appeared to be influenced by surrounding conditions, such as the plant and soil contact, cereal fields, and vineyards of this agricultural region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Azpiazu-Muniozguren
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Alba Perez
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Aitor Rementeria
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Irati Martinez-Malaxetxebarria
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Lorena Laorden
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Javier Gamboa
- Biogenetics, Portal de Zurbano 3, 6-B, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Joseba Bikandi
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Javier Garaizar
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Ilargi Martinez-Ballesteros
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.A.-M.); (A.P.); (I.M.-M.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (J.B.); (J.G.)
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Extremophilic Microorganisms in Central Europe. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112326. [PMID: 34835450 PMCID: PMC8620676 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles inhabit a wide variety of environments. Here we focus on extremophiles in moderate climates in central Europe, and particularly in Slovenia. Although multiple types of stress often occur in the same habitat, extremophiles are generally combined into groups according to the main stressor to which they are adapted. Several types of extremophiles, e.g., oligotrophs, are well represented and diverse in subsurface environments and karst regions. Psychrophiles thrive in ice caves and depressions with eternal snow and ice, with several globally distributed snow algae and psychrophilic bacteria that have been discovered in alpine glaciers. However, this area requires further research. Halophiles thrive in salterns while thermophiles inhabit thermal springs, although there is little data on such microorganisms in central Europe, despite many taxa being found globally. This review also includes the potential use of extremophiles in biotechnology and bioremediation applications.
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Saccò M, White NE, Harrod C, Salazar G, Aguilar P, Cubillos CF, Meredith K, Baxter BK, Oren A, Anufriieva E, Shadrin N, Marambio-Alfaro Y, Bravo-Naranjo V, Allentoft ME. Salt to conserve: a review on the ecology and preservation of hypersaline ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2828-2850. [PMID: 34747117 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to the investigation of key ecosystems in the world, we often omit salt from the ecological recipe. In fact, despite occupying almost half of the volume of inland waters and providing crucial services to humanity and nature, inland saline ecosystems are often overlooked in discussions regarding the preservation of global aquatic resources of our planet. As a result, our knowledge of the biological and geochemical dynamics shaping these environments remains incomplete and we are hesitant in framing effective protective strategies against the increasing natural and anthropogenic threats faced by such habitats. Hypersaline lakes, water bodies where the concentration of salt exceeds 35 g/l, occur mainly in arid and semiarid areas resulting from hydrological imbalances triggering the accumulation of salts over time. Often considered the 'exotic siblings' within the family of inland waters, these ecosystems host some of the most extremophile communities worldwide and provide essential habitats for waterbirds and many other organisms in already water-stressed regions. These systems are often highlighted as natural laboratories, ideal for addressing central ecological questions due to their relatively low complexity and simple food web structures. However, recent studies on the biogeochemical mechanisms framing hypersaline communities have challenged this archetype, arguing that newly discovered highly diverse communities are characterised by specific trophic interactions shaped by high levels of specialisation. The main goal of this review is to explore our current understanding of the ecological dynamics of hypersaline ecosystems by addressing four main research questions: (i) why are hypersaline lakes unique from a biological and geochemical perspective; (ii) which biota inhabit these ecosystems and how have they adapted to the high salt conditions; (iii) how do we protect biodiversity from increasing natural and anthropogenic threats; and (iv) which scientific tools will help us preserve hypersaline ecosystems in the future? First, we focus on the ecological characterisation of hypersaline ecosystems, illustrate hydrogeochemical dynamics regulating such environments, and outline key ecoregions supporting hypersaline systems across the globe. Second, we depict the diversity and functional aspects of key taxa found in hypersaline lakes, from microorganisms to plants, invertebrates, waterbirds and upper trophic levels. Next, we describe ecosystem services and discuss possible conservation guidelines. Finally, we outline how cutting-edge technologies can provide new insights into the study of hypersaline ecology. Overall, this review sheds further light onto these understudied ecosystems, largely unrecognised as important sources of unique biological and functional diversity. We provide perspectives for key future research avenues, and advocate that the conservation of hypersaline lakes should not be taken with 'a grain of salt'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saccò
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Nicole E White
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Chris Harrod
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, 3349001, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Salazar
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, 3349001, Chile
| | - Pablo Aguilar
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, 3349001, Chile.,Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carolina F Cubillos
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Bonnie K Baxter
- Great Salt Lake Institute, Westminster College, Salt Lake City, UT, 84105, U.S.A
| | - Aharon Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Institute of Life Sciences, the Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Elena Anufriieva
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Nakhimov Avenue 2, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
| | - Nickolai Shadrin
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Nakhimov Avenue 2, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
| | - Yeri Marambio-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Víctor Bravo-Naranjo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Benavente 980, La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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The Presence of Marine Filamentous Fungi on a Copper-Based Antifouling Paint. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine biofouling is undesirable growth on submerged substances, which causes a major problem for maritime industries. Antifouling paints containing toxic compounds such as copper are used to prevent marine biofouling. However, bacteria and diatoms are usually found in biofilms developed on such paints. In this study, plastic panels painted with a copper-based self-polishing antifouling paint were exposed to biofouling for 6 months in the Marina Bandar Rowdha, Sea of Oman. Clean panels were used as a control substratum. Marine filamentous fungi from protected and unprotected substrate were isolated on a potato dextrose agar. Pure isolates were identified using sequences of the ITS region of rDNA. Six fungal isolates (Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. tubingensis, Cladosporium halotolerans, and C. omanense) were obtained from the antifouling paint. Four isolates (Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, C. omanense, and Parengyodontium album) were isolated from clean panels and nylon ropes. This is the first evidence of the presence of marine fungi on antifouling paints. In comparison with isolates from the unprotected substrate, fungi from the antifouling paint were highly resistant to copper, which suggests that filamentous fungi can grow on marine antifouling paints.
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Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Kolařík M, Arendrup M, Jørgensen K, Siqueira J, Gené J, Yaguchi T, Ezekiel C, Silva Pereira C, Hubka V. Re-examination of species limits in Aspergillus section Flavipedes using advanced species delimitation methods and description of four new species. Stud Mycol 2021; 99:100120. [PMID: 35003383 PMCID: PMC8688885 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the last revision in 2015, the taxonomy of section Flavipedes evolved rapidly along with the availability of new species delimitation techniques. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries of section Flavipedes members using modern delimitation methods applied to an extended set of strains (n = 90) collected from various environments. The analysis used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (benA, CaM, RPB2) and consisted of two steps: application of several single-locus (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, bPTP) and multi-locus (STACEY) species delimitation methods to sort the isolates into putative species, which were subsequently validated using DELINEATE software that was applied for the first time in fungal taxonomy. As a result, four new species are introduced, i.e. A. alboluteus, A. alboviridis, A. inusitatus and A. lanuginosus, and A. capensis is synonymized with A. iizukae. Phenotypic analyses were performed for the new species and their relatives, and the results showed that the growth parameters at different temperatures and colonies characteristics were useful for differentiation of these taxa. The revised section harbors 18 species, most of them are known from soil. However, the most common species from the section are ecologically diverse, occurring in the indoor environment (six species), clinical samples (five species), food and feed (four species), droppings (four species) and other less common substrates/environments. Due to the occurrence of section Flavipedes species in the clinical material/hospital environment, we also evaluated the susceptibility of 67 strains to six antifungals (amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine) using the reference EUCAST method. These results showed some potentially clinically relevant differences in susceptibility between species. For example, MICs higher than those observed for A. fumigatus wild-type were found for both triazoles and amphotericin B for A. ardalensis, A. iizukae, and A. spelaeus whereas A. lanuginosus, A. luppiae, A. movilensis, A. neoflavipes, A. olivimuriae and A. suttoniae were comparable to or more susceptible as A. fumigatus. Finally, terbinafine was in vitro active against all species except A. alboviridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M.C. Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K.M. Jørgensen
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J.P.Z. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - T. Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - C.N. Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - C. Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Iturrieta-González I, García D, Gené J. Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain. MycoKeys 2021; 77:1-25. [PMID: 33510579 PMCID: PMC7803722 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.77.60862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium is a monophyletic genus in Cladosporiaceae (Cladosporiales, Dothideomycetes) whose species are mainly found as saprobes and endophytes, but it also includes fungi pathogenic for plants, animals and human. Species identification is currently based on three genetic markers, viz., the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA, and partial fragments of actin (act) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) genes. Using this phylogenetic approach and from morphological differences, we have recognized six new species originating from soil, herbivore dung and plant material collected at different Spanish locations. They are proposed as Cladosporiumcaprifimosum, C.coprophilum, C.fuscoviride and C.lentulum belonging in the C.cladosporioides species complex, and C.pseudotenellum and C.submersum belonging in the C.herbarum species complex. This study revealed that herbivore dung represented a reservoir of novel lineages in the genus Cladosporium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Iturrieta-González
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili Reus Spain
| | - Dania García
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili Reus Spain
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili Reus Spain
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Bioprospecting for Biomolecules from Different Fungal Communities: An Introduction. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ran H, Li SM. Fungal benzene carbaldehydes: occurrence, structural diversity, activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:240-263. [PMID: 32779678 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2020Fungal benzene carbaldehydes with salicylaldehydes as predominant representatives carry usually hydroxyl groups, prenyl moieties and alkyl side chains. They are found in both basidiomycetes and ascomycetes as key intermediates or end products of various biosynthetic pathways and exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The skeletons of the benzene carbaldehydes are usually derived from polyketide pathways catalysed by iterative fungal polyketide synthases. The aldehyde groups are formed by direct PKS releasing, reduction of benzoic acids or oxidation of benzyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huomiao Ran
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Coleine C, Pombubpa N, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Stajich JE, Selbmann L. Uncovered Microbial Diversity in Antarctic Cryptoendolithic Communities Sampling three Representative Locations of the Victoria Land. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E942. [PMID: 32585947 PMCID: PMC7356261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolithic niche represents an ultimate refuge to microorganisms in the Mars-like environment of the Antarctic desert. In an era of rapid global change and desertification, the interest in these border ecosystems is increasing due to speculation on how they maintain balance and functionality at the dry limits of life. To assure a reliable estimation of microbial diversity, proper sampling must be planned in order to avoid the necessity of re-sampling as reaching these remote locations is risky and requires tremendous logistical and economical efforts. In this study, we seek to determine the minimum number of samples for uncovering comprehensive bacterial and fungal diversity, comparing communities in strict vicinity to each other. We selected three different locations of the Victoria Land (Continental Antarctica) at different altitudes and showing sandstone outcrops of a diverse nature and origin-Battleship promontory (834 m above sea level (a.s.l.), Southern VL), Trio Nunatak (1,470 m a.s.l., Northern VL) and Mt New Zealand (3,100 m a.s.l., Northern VL). Overall, we found that a wider sampling would be required to capture the whole amplitude of microbial diversity, particularly in Northern VL. We concluded that the inhomogeneity of the rock matrix and the stronger environmental pressure at higher altitudes may force the communities to a higher local diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.O.)
| | - Nuttapon Pombubpa
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (N.P.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.O.)
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.O.)
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (B.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (B.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Jason E. Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (N.P.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.O.)
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, 16166 Genoa, Italy
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Corral P, Amoozegar MA, Ventosa A. Halophiles and Their Biomolecules: Recent Advances and Future Applications in Biomedicine. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010033. [PMID: 31906001 PMCID: PMC7024382 DOI: 10.3390/md18010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The organisms thriving under extreme conditions better than any other organism living on Earth, fascinate by their hostile growing parameters, physiological features, and their production of valuable bioactive metabolites. This is the case of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) that grow optimally at high salinities and are able to produce biomolecules of pharmaceutical interest for therapeutic applications. As along as the microbiota is being approached by massive sequencing, novel insights are revealing the environmental conditions on which the compounds are produced in the microbial community without more stress than sharing the same substratum with their peers, the salt. In this review are reported the molecules described and produced by halophilic microorganisms with a spectrum of action in vitro: antimicrobial and anticancer. The action mechanisms of these molecules, the urgent need to introduce alternative lead compounds and the current aspects on the exploitation and its limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Corral
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mohammad A. Amoozegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6955, Iran;
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954556765
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