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Lee IG, Joo YH, Jeon H, Jeong R, Kim EH, Chung H, Eyun SI, Kim J, Seo YJ, Hong SH. Galectin-4 increases the ability of M2 macrophages to enhance antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:71-83. [PMID: 36822160 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a β-galactoside-binding protein belonging to the galectin family. Although Gal-4 is known to be involved in several physiologic processes of the gastrointestinal tract, its immunomodulatory roles remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether Gal-4 influences the function of M1 and M2 macrophages. Gal-4 treatment drove more robust changes in the gene expression of M2 macrophages compared to M1 macrophages. Antiviral immune response-related genes were significantly upregulated in Gal-4-treated M2 macrophages. Gal-4 significantly enhanced the immunostimulatory activity of M2 macrophages upon Toll-like receptor 7 stimulation or infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Moreover, the antibody production against LCMV infection and the antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses, but not the antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses, were greatly increased by Gal-4-treated M2 macrophages in vivo. The present results indicate that Gal-4 enhances the ability of M2 macrophages to promote antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses. Thus, Gal-4 could be used to boost antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gu Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Joo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyeon Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Raehyuk Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Ho Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
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Luo Z, Ma L, Zhou T, Huang Y, Zhang L, Du Z, Yong K, Yao X, Shen L, Yu S, Shi X, Cao S. Beta-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves. Metabolites 2022; 12:687. [PMID: 35893252 PMCID: PMC9332571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the alterations in gut microbiome and plasma metabolites of dairy calves with β-glucan (BG) supplementation. Fourteen healthy newborn dairy calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into control (n = 7) and BG (n = 7) groups. All the calves were fed on the basal diet, while calves in the BG group were supplemented with oat BG on d 8 for 14 days. Serum markers, fecal microbiome, and plasma metabolites at d 21 were analyzed. The calves were weaned on d 60 and weighed. The mean weaning weight of the BG group was 4.29 kg heavier than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the levels of serum globulin, albumin, and superoxide dismutase were increased in the BG group. Oat BG intake increased the gut microbiota richness and decreased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Changes in serum markers were found to be correlated with the plasma metabolites, including sphingosine, trehalose, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate, and gut microbiota such as Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214, Alistipes, and Bacteroides. Overall, these results suggest that the BG promotes growth and health of pre-weaning dairy calves by affecting the interaction between the host and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yixin Huang
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Liben Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhenlong Du
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kang Yong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404100, China;
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.M.); (T.Z.); (L.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.Y.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
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Microencapsulation of Bacteriophages for the Delivery to and Modulation of the Human Gut Microbiota through Milk and Cereal Products. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and human health status. Disturbance of the microbiota increases the risk of pathogen infections and other diseases. The use of bacteriophages as antibacterial therapy or prophylaxis is intended to counteract intestinal disorders. To deliver bacteriophages unharmed into the gut, they must be protected from acidic conditions in the stomach. Therefore, an encapsulation method based on in situ complexation of alginate (2%), calcium ions (0.5%), and milk proteins (1%) by spray drying was investigated. Powdered capsules with particle sizes of ~10 µm and bacteriophage K5 titers of ~108 plaque forming units (pfu) g−1 were obtained. They protected the bacteriophages from acid (pH 2.5) in the stomach for 2 h and released them within 30 min under intestinal conditions (in vitro). There was no loss of viability during storage over two months (4 °C). Instead of consuming bacteriophage capsules in pure form (i.e., as powder/tablets), they could be inserted into food matrices, as exemplary shown in this study using cereal cookies as a semi-solid food matrix. By consuming bacteriophages in combination with probiotic organisms (e.g., via yoghurt with cereal cookies), probiotics could directly repopulate the niches generated by bacteriophages and, thus, contribute to a healthier life.
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