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Alencar GF, Rodriguez HJ, Pulliam TH, Remington AJ, Gilmour MW, Alam R, Jabbour AJ, Mullen LJ, DeBuysscher BL, Nghiem P, Taylor JJ. Merkel cell carcinoma-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may promote persistence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.09.611517. [PMID: 39345457 PMCID: PMC11429610 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.611517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
While concurrent diagnoses of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other cancers, like Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), are rare, patients with MCC have a 30-fold higher incidence of CLL. While these increases have been attributed to the ability of CLL to suppress immune responses allowing for the emergence of MCC, here we found evidence that MCC could support the persistence of CLL. Using single cell sequencing approaches and computational analyses of MCC and CLL from a patient where both cancers were present in the same lymph node, we found that production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by MCC could promote the persistence of CLL through stimulation of CD74 and CXCR4. These results may explain why blood cell counts rapidly normalized after treatment for MCC and were maintained at normal levels despite the absence of treatment for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F. Alencar
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Haroldo J. Rodriguez
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas H. Pulliam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Macy W. Gilmour
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rian Alam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Austin J. Jabbour
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Logan J. Mullen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Blair L. DeBuysscher
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin J. Taylor
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown origin. We performed a retrospective histologic review of primary cutaneous MCCs diagnosed from 1997 to 2018 in several clinical institutions and literature review to determine the frequency of various unusual morphologic appearances of MCC. Of the 136 primary MCCs identified, intraepidermal carcinoma or epidermotropism was noted in 11/136 (8%) cases. An association with pilar cyst in 1/136 (0.7%) case, with actinic keratosis in 2/136 (1.5%) cases, with either invasive or in situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 14/136 (10%) cases, with poroma in 1/136 (0.7%), and with basal cell carcinoma in 1/136 (0.7%) case was noted. Trabecular pattern and rosettes were noted in 7/136 (5%) and 3/136 (2%) cases, respectively. There was one case of metastatic MCC in a lymph node with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and one rare case of metastatic MCC and SCC in a lymph node. Although uncommon, differentiation toward other cell lineage can be observed in both primary and metastatic MCCs. The tumor can assume a variety of histologic appearances including association with SCC, basal cell carcinoma, melanocytic neoplasm, and follicular cyst; as well as exhibit glandular, sarcomatous, and mesenchymal differentiation. This diversity of morphologic appearance of MCC reflects the complexity of its underlying pathogenesis.
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Mohammadzadeh H, Babaniamansour S, Majidi M, Zare A, Dehghani Firouzabadi M, Karkon‐Shayan S. Merkel cell carcinoma on the right calf in association with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04498. [PMID: 34257989 PMCID: PMC8259794 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study showed a rare case of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) with atypical manifestations accompanied by chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type that underwent chemotherapy and had poor prognosis. The findings suggest that the physicians should consider MCC when performing diagnosis and assess all possible associated risk factors like neoplasms to achieve good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Babaniamansour
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineIslamic Azad University Tehran Faculty of MedicineTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Majidi
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research CenterGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | - Abolfazl Zare
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | | | - Sepideh Karkon‐Shayan
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research CenterGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
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Boyer M, Cayrefourcq L, Dereure O, Meunier L, Becquart O, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical Relevance of Liquid Biopsy in Melanoma and Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040960. [PMID: 32295074 PMCID: PMC7226137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are two aggressive skin malignancies with high disease-related mortality and increasing incidence rates. Currently, invasive tumor tissue biopsy is the gold standard for their diagnosis, and no reliable easily accessible biomarker is available to monitor patients with melanoma or Merkel cell carcinoma during the disease course. In these last years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a candidate approach to overcome this limit and to identify biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response prediction, and patient follow-up. Liquid biopsy is a blood-based non-invasive procedure that allows the sequential analysis of circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free and tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles. These innovative biosources show similar features as the primary tumor from where they originated and represent an alternative to invasive solid tumor biopsy. In this review, the biology and technical challenges linked to the detection and analysis of the different circulating candidate biomarkers for melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are discussed as well as their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Boyer
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Olivier Dereure
- Department of Dermatology and INSERM 1058 Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Laurent Meunier
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Ondine Becquart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-1175-99-31; Fax: +33-4-1175-99-33
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