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Mallikarjun DN, Jain S, Malo PK, Kahali B, Sundarakumar JS, Diwakar L, Ravindranath V. Distribution of biochemical and haematological parameters in an aging population from southern India: A cross-sectional analysis. Ann Clin Biochem 2024:45632241267905. [PMID: 39054723 DOI: 10.1177/00045632241267905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining the distribution of biochemical and haematological tests in different age groups of rural population is necessary to ensure that health care facilities are equipped to address the prevalent health conditions and manage age-related illness effectively. Hence, this study is aimed at seeing the distributions of blood biochemical and haematological parameters in rural population. METHODS This cross-sectional study investigated the distribution of 26 different haematological and biochemical parameters in longitudinal cohort study (Srinivaspura Aging, NeuoSenescence and COGnition - SANSCOG), from the villages of Srinivaspura, Kolar district, India. A total of 2592 participants (1240 males and 1352 females), aged ≥45 years who are cognitively healthy were included for the analysis. Mean, 2.5th, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated for the entire sample. Additionally, median and percentiles were determined for both gender and age categories (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years). RESULTS We observed the distinct distributions of various haematological and biochemical parameters, with elevated levels of glycaemic, lipid, liver, and thyroid parameters. CONCLUSION Findings revealed the notable variations from the established reference ranges, indicating the potential undiagnosed cases and highlighting the gaps in health awareness and health seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubham Jain
- Bhanix Finanace and Investment Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Palash Kumar Malo
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bratati Kahali
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Latha Diwakar
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Ganie MA, Chowdhury S, Suri V, Joshi B, Bhattacharya PK, Agrawal S, Malhotra N, Sahay R, Jabbar PK, Rozati R, Bashir R, Roshan R, Wani I, Rashid H, Meshram G, Choudhury S, Shukla A, Arora T. Common Hematological Reference Indices Among Healthy Reproductive Age Indian Women-Data Subset from Nationwide Study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2024; 40:479-486. [PMID: 39011257 PMCID: PMC11246370 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the negative implications on women's health, pregnancy, and fetal outcomes, population-based studies on hematological indices among reproductive age women in India have received inadequate attention. This study aimed to generate normative ranges for various hematological parameters among these women. After ethics approval, apparently healthy (n = 5884) women (aged 18-40 years) were recruited from six eco-geographic zones of India. After various exclusions (n = 5412), including women having anemia, data of clinically, and biochemically healthy women (n = 472) was analysed to generate centiles (2.5 and 97.5th) and correlations. The mean age and mean BMI of women was 29.3 ± 6.5 years and 23.25 ± 3.26 kg/m2 with BP of 112.26 ± 8.9/74.04 ± 6.7 mmHg. The reference intervals for hemoglobin (12-15.1 gm/dl), RBC (3.68-5.55 millions/μl), WBC (4.1-11.26*109/L), platelet count (1.32-4.42*105/μl), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (4.35-41.65 mm/hr) were different from currently used reference values (p < 0.05). However, these haematological indices did not vary among various age categories, geographical zones, ethnicities and rural or urban origins. Pearson's correlation revealed a statistically significant association between ESR, WBC, monocytes, and platelets with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Women with HOMA-IR > 2 displayed a statistically significant differences in parameters like MCV, ESR, eosinophil and platelet counts as compared to the women with HOMA-IR < 2. This study provides a pioneering reference data of hematological indices among women of reproductive age in India. Despite the small sample size results can be extrapolated to the national population given the representative sampling of various geographical zones. This may pave way for future comprehensive large-scale studies on the subject. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-023-01714-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Ganie
- Department of Endocrinology, and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vanita Suri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Beena Joshi
- Department of Operational Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya
- Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India
| | - Sarita Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Roya Rozati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal Health and Research Trust, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rohina Bashir
- Department of Endocrinology, and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Reshma Roshan
- Department of Endocrinology, and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
- Department of Haematology and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Imtiyaz Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Endocrinology, and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Gaivee Meshram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Shouvik Choudhury
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Amlin Shukla
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Akhtar E, Mily A, Sarker P, Chanda BC, Haque F, Kuddusi RU, Haq MA, Lourda M, Brighenti S, Raqib R. Immune cell landscape in symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected adults and children in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152350. [PMID: 36822063 PMCID: PMC9938758 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for evaluating the course of the COVID-19 disease and for improving vaccine development. We aimed to assess the phenotypic landscape of circulating lymphocytes and mononuclear cells in adults and children who were seropositive to SARS-CoV-2 in the past 6 months. METHODS Blood samples (n = 350) were collected in a cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh (Oct 2020-Feb 2021). Plasma antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay while lymphocyte and monocyte responses were assessed using flow cytometry including dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was observed in 52% of adults (18-65 years) and 56% of children (10-17 years). Seropositivity was associated with reduced CD3+T cells in both adults (beta(β) = -2.86; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = -5.98, 0.27) and children (β = -8.78; 95% CI = -13.8, -3.78). The frequencies of T helper effector (CD4+TEFF) and effector memory cells (CD4+TEM) were increased in seropositive compared to seronegative children. In adults, seropositivity was associated with an elevated proportion of cytotoxic T central memory cells (CD8+TCM). Overall, diverse manifestations of immune cell dysregulations were more prominent in seropositive children compared to adults, who previously had COVID-like symptoms. These changes involved reduced frequencies of CD4+TEFF cells and CD163+CD64+ classical monocytes, but increased levels of intermediate or non-classical monocytes, as well as CD8+TEM cells in symptomatic children. CONCLUSION Seropositive individuals in convalescence showed increased central and effector memory T cell phenotypes and pro-resolving/healing monocyte phenotypes compared to seronegative subjects. However, seropositive children with a previous history of COVID-like symptoms, displayed an ongoing innate inflammatory trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Akhirunnesa Mily
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Protim Sarker
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Farjana Haque
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Magda Lourda
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddrb, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Saeed M, Waheed U, Wazeer A, Saba N. Do We Need Pakistan-Specific Reference Ranges in Laboratory Medicine? J Lab Physicians 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarters Hospital, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Provincial Ministry of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Provincial Ministry of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Pakistan
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Kaur D, Malik A, Govindasamy K, K B, Meethal A, Shukla TD, Kumar S, Pramanik M, Suresh C, Tiwari U, Skrypchenko I. Analysis of platelet count among female athletes of volleyball, judo, and football: a comparative study. HEALTH, SPORT, REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.34142/hsr.2022.08.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Study Aim: Hematological investigation plays a meaningful role in determining the physical standard and performance of the athletes in various games. It is a measure for an athlete’s health and physical gesture. The present study portrays the platelet count analysis of university-level female athletes playing volleyball, judo, and football respectively.
Material and Methods: 54 female athletes (18 from each game) were selected for the study. The platelet count relationship was the criterion for the present study to differentiate the physical standards of the female players among three different games. To obtain the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s HSD test were used to set the significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: We found the present results displayed the platelet counts of the players participating in Judo are comparatively higher as compared to football and volleyball.
Conclusions: It was observed that there was no correlation between platelet counts between the players participating in three games. No relationship exists between the players from different games concerning their platelet counts. No significant correlation between the three games existed pair-wise individually for comparative statistical analysis as their p > 0.05.
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Price MA, Fast PE, Mshai M, Lambrick M, Machira YW, Gieber L, Chetty P, Muturi-Kioi V. Region-specific laboratory reference intervals are important: A systematic review of the data from Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000783. [PMID: 36962599 PMCID: PMC10021479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Region-specific laboratory reference intervals (RIs) are important for clinical trials and these data are often sparse in priority areas for research, including Africa. We reviewed data on RIs from Africa to identify gaps in the literature with a systematic review of PubMed for RI studies from Africa published ≥2010. Search focus included clinical analytic chemistry, hematology, immunological parameters and RIs. Data from adults, adolescents, children, pregnant women, and the elderly were included. We excluded manuscripts reporting data from persons with conditions that might preclude clinical trial participation in studies enrolling healthy volunteers. Of 179 identified manuscripts, 80 were included in this review, covering 20 countries with the largest number of studies in Ethiopia (n = 23, 29%). Most studies considered healthy, nonpregnant adults (n = 55, 69%). Nine (11%) studies included pregnant women, 13 (16%) included adolescents and 22 (28%) included children. Recruitment, screening, enrollment procedures and definition of age strata varied across studies. The most common type of RIs reported were hematology (66, 83%); 14 studies (18%) included flow cytometry and/or T cell counts. Other common tests or panels included liver function assays (32, 40%), renal function assays (30, 38%), lipid chemistries (17, 21%) and serum electrolytes (17, 21%). The number of parameters characterized ranged from only one (three studies characterized either CD4+ counts, D-dimer, or hemoglobin), to as many as 40. Statistical methods for calculating RIs varied. 56 (70%) studies compared their results to international RI databases. Though most presented their data side-by-side with international data with little accompanying analysis, nearly all reported deviation from comparator RI data, sometimes with half or more of otherwise healthy participants having an "out of range" result. We found there is limited local RI data available in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies to fill this gap are warranted, including efforts to standardize statistical methods to derive RIs, methods to compare with other RIs, and improve representative participant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A. Price
- IAVI, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia E. Fast
- IAVI, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Gieber
- IAVI, New York City, New York, United States of America
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Pabbi S, Tiwari AK, Aggarwal G, Sharma G, Marik A, Luthra AS, Upadhyay AP, Singh MK. Reference interval of platelet counts and other platelet indices in apparently healthy blood donors in North India according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines: Need to redefine the platelet count cutoffs for repeat plateletpheresis donation? Asian J Transfus Sci 2022; 16:245-250. [PMID: 36687539 PMCID: PMC9855203 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_121_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, laboratory results are of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment. Reference intervals of different parameters aid health-care professionals in the interpretation of results. There are very few studies on reference intervals from India. This prospective study was conducted to determine the reference intervals for platelet count (PLT) and PLT indices; mean PLT volume (MPV), PLT distribution width (PDW), and PLT large cell ratio (P-LCR). These values can be obtained as a part of a routine complete blood count (CBC) and have diagnostic and prognostic significance in certain diseases. PLT count is an important criterion for the selection of donors for repeat plateletpheresis donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen hundred and thirty-four first-time healthy volunteer plateletpheresis donors were enrolled for the study. CBC was done, values of PLT, MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were noted, and the results were analyzed. The 95% of the reference distribution was estimated using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Adverse donor reactions, if any and quality parameters of single donor PLTs (SDP) were also studied. RESULTS Reference range values of PLT, MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were 137,825-355,175/μl, 8.1-13.9/fl, 9.1-22.5/fl, and 11.7%-52.9%, respectively, and compared well with other published studies from India. It was observed that reference values of PLT count obtained in the study were lower than reference values that are currently used in most laboratories (150,000-450,000/μl) in India. CONCLUSION Based on our results, we are of the opinion that the PLT count cutoffs for repeat plateletpheresis donation may need to be revised downwards for our country which would also mitigate the scarcity of apheresis donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pabbi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aseem Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Geet Aggarwal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Sharma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Arghyadeep Marik
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aanchal Sunil Luthra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | | | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Medanta Institute of Education and Research Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Dório M, Benseñor IM, Lotufo P, Santos IS, Fuller R. Reference range of serum uric acid and prevalence of hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study from baseline data of ELSA-Brasil cohort. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:15. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Most of the few studies that have established reference ranges for serum uric acid (SUA) have not taken into account factors which may interfere with its levels and followed rigorous laboratory quality standards. The aim of this study was to establish reference ranges for SUA and determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
Method
Cross-sectional study including 15,100 participants (all sample) aged 35 to 74 years from baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicentric cohort of volunteer civil servants from five universities and one research institute located in different regions of Brazil. It was established a reference sample excluding participants with factors that directly influence SUA levels: glomerular filtration rate lower than 60 ml/min, excessive alcohol intake, use of diuretics, aspirin, estrogen or urate-lowering therapy. SUA was measured using the uricase method and following rigorous international quality standards. Reference ranges were defined as values between percentiles 2.5 (P2.5) and 97.5 (P97.5) of SUA distribution in the reference sample, stratified by sex. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA ≥ 7 mg/100 ml in the all sample.
Results
The reference sample was composed of 10,340 individuals (55.3% women, median age 50 years). Reference ranges (P2.5 to P97.5) for SUA were: 4.0 to 9.2 mg/100 ml for men and 2.8 to 6.9 mg/100 ml for women. Sex was a major determinant for SUA levels (median [IQR], mg/100 ml: 6.1 [5.3–7.0] for men versus 4.5 [3.9–5.3] for women, p < 0.001). Higher levels of SUA were found in patients with higher BMI. Higher age had (a modest) influence only for women. The prevalence of hyperuricemia for all sample (N = 15,100) was 31.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.8–33.0%) in men and 4.8% (95% CI 4.3–5.3%) in women.
Conclusion
SUA reference ranges were 4.0 to 9.2 mg/100 ml for men and 2.8 to 6.9 mg/100 ml for women. Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 31.9% in men and 4.8% in women. Updated SUA reference ranges and prevalence of hyperuricemia are higher nowadays and might be used to guide laboratories and the screening for diseases related to SUA.
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Figer BH, Raj JP, Thaker SJ, Gogtay NJ, Thatte UM. Determination of reference intervals from a laboratory database of an academic clinical research unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital and an audit of out of range values. Perspect Clin Res 2021; 12:193-198. [PMID: 34760646 PMCID: PMC8525794 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_71_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal laboratory values are a common reason for the exclusion of participants in clinical studies, increasing the recruitment time and cost during conduct. The use of sample-specific reference intervals (RIs) may help to address this issue. Hence, the present study derived site-specific RIs using the department laboratory database and compare the proportion of "out of range" (OOR) values between the new and the old RIs used by the trial site. Methods Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained. Data for hematology and biochemistry parameters were analyzed. Normality was assessed and RIs computed using nonparametric method. Data were partitioned for gender and descriptive statistics applied for demographics. The OOR values based on new RIs were compared with old RIs using Chi-squared tests. Between gender OOR proportions compared using Chi-squared test (significance at P< 0.05). Post hoc analysis was performed with Beasley's technique. Results Data of 601 participants were analyzed. The median (Inter Quartile Range) age was 22 (47) years and 64.72% were male. New RIs for key parameters were: Haemoglobin (9.3-16.5 g/dl), alanine aminotransferase (11.4-47.74 U/I), aspartate aminotransferase (8.8-58 U/I), total bilirubin (0.27-1.4 mg/dl), and creatinine (0.59-1.36 mg/dl). Post partitioning, the RI for hemoglobin (g/dl) was lower (8.72-15.72) in females. The proportion of OOR values were lower with new RIs relative to old laboratory RIs (P < 0.0001). Conclusion A reduction in the proportion of OORs and a change in the upper and lower bound laboratory intervals with new RIs emphasize the need for sample-specific ranges to prevent unnecessary exclusions of volunteers from trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinal H Figer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saket J Thaker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nithya Jaideep Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Mukund Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Chellachamy Anbalagan A, Sawant SN. Carboxylic acid-tethered polyaniline as a generic immobilization matrix for electrochemical bioassays. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:403. [PMID: 34731317 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) was functionalized by thiol-ene click chemistry to obtain carboxylic acid-tethered polyaniline (PCOOH). The versatility of PCOOH as an immobilization matrix was demonstrated by constructing four different biosensors for detection of metabolites and cancer biomarker. Immobilization efficiency of PCOOH was investigated by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopic analysis which revealed dense immobilization of biomolecules on PCOOH as compared to conventional PANI. A sandwich electrochemical biosensor was constructed using PCOOH for detection of liver cancer biomarker, α-fetoprotein (AFP). The sensor displayed sensitivity of 15.24 µA (ng mL-1)-1 cm-2, with good specificity, reproducibility (RSD 3.4%), wide linear range (0.25-40 ng mL-1) at - 0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), and a low detection limit of 2 pg mL-1. The sensor was validated by estimating AFP in human blood serum samples where the AFP concentrations obtained are consistent with the values estimated using ELISA. Furthermore, utilization of PCOOH for construction of enzymatic biosensor was demonstrated by covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase, uricase, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for detection of glucose, uric acid, and H2O2, respectively. The biosensors displayed reasonable sensitivity (50, 148, 127 µA mM-1 cm-2), and linear ranges (0.1-5, 0.1-6, 0.1-7 mM) with a detection limit of 10, 1, and 8 µM for glucose, uric acid, and H2O2, respectively. The present study demonstrates the capability of PCOOH to support and enable oxidation of H2O2 generated by oxidase enzymes as well as HRP enzyme catalyzed reduction of H2O2. Thus, PCOOH offers a great promise as an immobilization matrix for development of high-performance biosensors to quantify a variety of other disease biomarkers. Carboxylic acid-tethered polyaniline synthesized by thiol-ene click chemistry was used as matrix to construct four different electrochemical biosensors for detection of cancer biomarker α-fetoprotein, glucose, uric acid, and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa N Sawant
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Kathayat G, Pokharel DR, Yadav NK, Sigdel M. Establishment of dry chemistry based reference intervals of renal function test parameters for the adult population of Kaski District, Nepal. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:331. [PMID: 34615479 PMCID: PMC8493701 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reference intervals (RIs) for clinical chemistry test parameters are specific to the method of measurement and population under service. However, there has been no locally available dry chemistry based RIs for the Nepalese population. Thus, the present study aimed to establish dry chemistry based RIs for sodium, potassium, urea, and creatinine specific to adult populations of Kaski districts, Nepal Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal on 360 healthy adult participants aged 18–65 years. The test parameters under study were analyzed using a fully automated OCD Vitros 350 dry chemistry analyzer following the protocols provided by the reagent kit manufacturer. The RIs were estimated using reference limits at 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The normal distribution of the data was tested by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Shapiro–Wilk tests. The differences between males and females RIs were compared by the Mann-Whitney test while age-specific RIs for each sex was compared by One-Way-ANOVA and Dunnett’s Multiple Comparisons Tests. All the data were managed and analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS version 20. Results The RIs of urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium specific to the adult population of Kaski district, Nepal are as follows: urea: 4.20–13.70 mmol/L (males: 4.70–13.99; females: 4.20–13.23); creatinine: 44.20–106.10 μmol/L (males: 48.82–106.10; females: 35.40–83.78); sodium 135–146 mmol/L (males: 135–146; females: 135–146) and potassium 3.60–5.10 mmol/L (males: 3.54–5.0; females: 3.60–5.10). These RIs were found to be different from currently used RIs provided by the reagent manufacturer. RIs of all the test parameters were significantly influenced by the age of the study participants. However, only the RIs of urea, creatinine, and potassium were significantly influenced by sex. Conclusions The present study has for the first time established dry chemistry based RIs for selected renal function test parameters specific to the adult population of Kaski district, Nepal. This result will aid the clinician in minimizing the errors in result interpretation and making a precise clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goma Kathayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Daya Ram Pokharel
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Naval Kishor Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Manoj Sigdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
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Kaur S, Kumari B, Kalyan G, Kaur B, Devi K, Preeti, Saranjna, Singh G. Anthropometric Breast Measurements and Brasserie Wearing Practices of North Indian Women. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-03069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Ayemoba O, Okeji N, Hussain N, Umar T, Ajemba-Life A, Kene T, Edom U, Ogueri I, Nwagbara G, Ochai I, Adekanye U, Onoh I. Reference intervals of common clinical biochemistry analytes in young Nigerian adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247672. [PMID: 33647019 PMCID: PMC7920356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reference intervals are assessment tools for interpretation of clinical test results. These intervals describe the dispersion of test parameter values of apparently healthy persons in defined populations as health status indicators. Using reference intervals obtained and validated in populations outside the geographical region of derivation for medical decision-making may impact negatively on clinical interpretation and patient management. Many countries have established their reference values, current studies on these data for Nigeria are however scarce. Determination of clinical biochemistry reference intervals for young Nigerian adults which is of particular importance in routine clinical management and conduct of clinical trials in response to existing and emerging diseases will add significantly to the existing body of knowledge. Objective The objective was to establish reference intervals for 24biochemistry analytes among Nigerians aged 18 to 26 years. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among 7,797 consenting male and female military applicants aged 18 to 26 years from 37 States of Nigeria. It was a total study among volunteers for military service. Blood samples were collected and subjected to serological testing for HIV-1 and 2, hepatitis-B, malaria, pregnancy and haematuria to restrict our study population to apparently healthy participants. Biochemical assays were performed on 6,169 participant samples that met the inclusion criteria. Generated data was entered into MS Excel® and exported into SPSS® software version 16 for analysis. Statistical tools used were frequencies, median, mid 95th percentile range with 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles as limits. Reference intervals were estimated using nonparametric methods. No intergender statistical comparison was made. Results Complete records were obtained for 6,169 eligible participants. Median values and associated reference intervals were similar in both genders. Conclusion The findings from this study will help in clinical decision-making and play a significant role in supporting the current global rapid expansion of clinical trials in response to the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic solutions to existing and emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojor Ayemoba
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathan Okeji
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nurudeen Hussain
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tahir Umar
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Uchechukwu Edom
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Ogueri
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Inalegwu Ochai
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Usman Adekanye
- Ministry of Defence Health Implementation Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Onoh
- Nigerian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
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Mokkapati PR, Gowda M, Deo S, Dhamija E, Thulkar S. Breast Anthropometry-Results of a Prospective Study Among Indian Breast Cancer Patients. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:28-34. [PMID: 32205966 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-019-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast anthropometry plays an important role in surgical decision-making in the era of breast conservation therapy, oncoplasty and reconstruction. Majority of the currently available breast anthropometry data is from Western countries, and there is a need to evaluate anthropometric data among Indian women to tailor our surgical decision-making and achieve optimum surgical results. Two hundred and thirty-one breast cancer patients were included in this prospective study, and different anthropometric parameters were evaluated to assess and describe the nipple-areola complex, breast shape, size, volume and ptosis. Breast volume was calculated using formula developed by Qiao et al. Outcomes were compared with data available from different countries. Mean breast volume among Indian women was 515 ml. Nearly, 81% of patients had ptosis and up to 40% had grade 3 ptosis. Breast volume among Indian patients can be grouped into three categories based on quartiles (category I-≤ 220 ml, category II-> 220 to ≤ 730 ml, category III-> 730 ml). Overall breast anthropometry data among Indian women was different from the data reported from western studies. Breast anthropometry plays an important role in the surgical decision-making, and results of the study indicate that the anthropometry of Indian women is different from western counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Gowda
- 1Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Suryanarayana Deo
- 1Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Dhamija
- 2Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Thulkar
- 2Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Pai S, Frater JL. Quality management and accreditation in laboratory hematology: Perspectives from India. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41 Suppl 1:177-183. [PMID: 31069974 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quality management (QM), including quality assurance and quality control, was developed in clinical laboratories in North America and Western Europe, but must be implemented worldwide to ensure accurate, reproducible, and clinically useful results. India, a middle income country with a population of over 1.34 billion, has limited budget allotted to health care. As yet accreditation for clinical laboratories is not mandatory, which contributes to challenges in implementing good laboratory practice. This review provides a summary of internationally laid down QM principles and their application in a middle income country like India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John L Frater
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Sultan N, Sharma SK. Prevalence of Low Platelet Count and Identification of Associating Determinants and Genetic Polymorphism in Healthy Individuals of Upper Assam, India. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2018; 35:332-338. [PMID: 30988572 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-018-1007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of low platelet count among the healthy population of upper Assam, India. The impact of socio-demographic features was moreover pointed to evaluate. Additionally, Mean platelet volume (MPV) and Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism (-174 G > C) were also determined to speculate their effect on the basal platelet count. For determination of hematological indices, CBC was done and genetic polymorphism was identified by ARMS-PCR technique. Out of 510 study subjects, 25.3% (n = 129) had low platelet count, and females were recorded with significantly higher mean platelet count as compared to their male counterpart (p < 0.001). A progressive decline in platelet count was observed with ageing and more significantly noticed in females across the various age groups (p < 0.001). The mean MPV was significantly higher in low platelet count group as compared to the normal group (p < 0.001). Both platelet count and MPV differed significantly among the individuals with varied ethnicity. An inverse correlation between platelet count and its volume was reported, and such observation was continued to persist in every age-group under the study. However, no significant differences were observed for other hematological indices between the studied groups except for platelet indices and RBC count. Moreover, the peripheral blood smear examined for cellular morphology and in vitro platelet clumping did not report any significant aberrancy. No significant penetrance of the risk allele was revealed in the studied groups. However, ARMS-PCR confirmed 6% (n = 8/129) of the low platelet count subjects with heterozygous for G allele. This happens to be the first description of low platelet count among the healthy population of upper Assam, where age, gender, ethnicity, and MPV are significantly associated with platelet count variation. Heterozygosity of the risk allele does not contribute to the low platelet count condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Sultan
- 1Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004 India
| | - Santanu Kumar Sharma
- 2Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast region, Post Box #105, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001 India
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Abebe M, Melku M, Enawgaw B, Birhan W, Deressa T, Terefe B, Baynes HW. Reference intervals of routine clinical chemistry parameters among apparently healthy young adults in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201782. [PMID: 30071088 PMCID: PMC6072122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical laboratory reference intervals (RIs) are essential for clinical diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic monitoring. Locally established RIs are required to correctly interpret clinical laboratory results. In Ethiopia, clinical laboratory test results are interpreted based on RIs derived from a western population. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia from March 2016 to May 2017. A total of 1,175 apparently healthy study participants were included in the study from four blood banks in the region. All clinical chemistry parameters were analyzed using Mindray BS-200E full automated clinical chemistry analyzer. The 95% RIs were estimated using reference limits at 2.5th percentile for the lower reference limit and 97.5th percentile for the upper reference limit. Kolmogorov–Sminorv and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to check data distribution normality and whether partitions were needed between variables, respectively. Results RIs established include: ALT 5.13–42.88 U/L for males and 4.3–37 U/L for females; AST 12.13–46.88 for males and 10–43.8 U/L for females; ALP 77.2–475.8 U/L for males and 89–381 U/L for females; amylase 29–309.8 U/L for males and 29–287.9 U/L for females; GGT 7–69.8 U/L for males and 6–39.1 U/L for females; total bilirubin 0.11–1.18 mg/dl for males and 0.08–0.91 mg/dl for females; creatinine 0.48–1.13 mg/dl for males and 0.47–1.09 mg/dl for females; total cholesterol 78.13–211.75 mg/dl for males and 83.6–202.7 mg/dl for females; total protein 5.7–9.7 g/dl for males and 5.6–9.47 for females; triglycerides 36–221.9 mg/dl for males and 35.3–201.5 mg/dl for females; urea 12–43 mg/dl for males and 10–38.7 mg/dl for females; and uric acid 2.7–6.9 mg/dl for males and 2.1–5.9 mg/dl for females. Conclusion This study has established RIs for routine clinical chemistry parameters. These RIs are important as they support the interpretation of clinical laboratory results for medical decision making and other health-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla Abebe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlaku Enawgaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Birhan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tekalign Deressa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Betelihem Terefe
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Prognostic value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:238. [PMID: 28882170 PMCID: PMC5590135 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, evidence regarding the prognostic effect of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a novel systemic inflammation marker, among patients with AKI is scarce. In this study, we investigated the value of the PLR in predicting the outcomes of critically ill patients with AKI. Methods Patient data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III version 1.3. PLR cutoff values were determined using smooth curve fitting or quintiles and were used to categorize the subjects into groups. The clinical outcomes were 30-day and 90-day mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between the PLR and survival. Results A total of 10,859 ICU patients with AKI were enrolled. A total of 2277 thirty-day and 3112 ninety-day deaths occurred. A U-shaped relationship was observed between the PLR and both 90-day and 30-day mortality, with the lowest risk being at values ranging from 90 to 311. The adjusted HR (95% CI) values for 90-day mortality given risk values < 90 and > 311 were 1.25 (1.12–1.39) and 1.19 (1.08–1.31), respectively. Similar trends were observed for 30-day mortality or when quintiles were used to group patients according to the PLR. Statistically significant interactions were found between the PLR and both age and heart rate. Younger patients (aged < 65 years) and those with more rapid heart rates (≥89.4 beats per minute) tended to have poorer prognoses only when the PLR was < 90, whereas older patients (aged ≥ 65 years) and those with slower heart rates (<89.4 beats per minute) had higher risk only when the PLR was > 311 (P < 0.001 for age and P < 0.001 for heart rate). Conclusions The preoperative PLR was associated in a U-shaped pattern with survival among patients with AKI. The PLR appears to be a novel, independent prognostic marker of outcomes in critically ill patients with AKI.
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Anghebem-Oliveira MI, Gobor L, Welter M, da Costa CD, de Souza EM, Alberton D, Picheth G, de Moraes Rego FG. Non-fasting plasma glucose concentration in blood donors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 54:e135-7. [PMID: 26426891 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hepatic Enzyme's Reference Intervals and Their Modulating Factors in Western Indian Population. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:108-16. [PMID: 26855497 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reference intervals (RIs) of serum aminotransferases and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) have been established many years ago. Recent RIs are not available. The prospective study was conducted to re-evaluate the RIs of liver enzymes and the effect of demographic and anthropometric variables on them in western Indian population. A total of 1059 blood donors comprised the study population. Anthropometry and serum liver enzymes levels were measured. Subjects were categorized into normal weight and overweight by using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). For RI determination, non-parametric methodology recommended by IFCC/CLSI was adopted. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. Upper limit of normal reference value of liver enzymes were lower in female compared to male. (ALT-23.55 F vs 36.00 M, GGT-34.58 F vs 36.20 M) When RI of liver enzymes were calculated according to body mass index, the upper limit of normal of ALT and GGT were higher in overweight group compared to normal weight group. (ALT-38.00 vs 27.00 IU/L and GGT-37.59 vs 35.26 IU/L). In both male and female, liver enzymes correlated significantly with age. WC and BMI were positively correlated with AST, ALT and GGT in both subgroups and the correlation was stronger in male. Demographic factors should be considered for making liver enzyme tests more clinically relevant. Gender based partitioning should be adopted for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and GGT reference values for Western Indian population.
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Koumaré ATCRK, Sakandé LPL, Kabré E, Sondé I, Simporé J, Sakandé J. Reference ranges of cholesterol sub-fractions in random healthy adults in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116420. [PMID: 25611320 PMCID: PMC4303323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Burkina Faso, the values that serve as clinical chemistry reference ranges are those provided by European manufacturers' insert sheets based on reference of the Western population. However, studies conducted so far in some African countries reported significant differences in normal laboratory ranges compared with those of the industrialized world. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of cholesterol fractions in apparently normal adults in Burkina Faso that could be used to better assess the risks related to cardiovascular diseases. Study population was 279 healthy subjects aged from 15 to 50 years including 139 men and 140 women recruited at the Regional Center of Blood Transfusion of Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso (West Africa). Exclusion criteria based on history and clinical examination were used for defining reference individuals. The dual-step precipitation of HDL cholesterol sub-fractions using dextran sulfate was performed according to the procedure described by Hirano. The medians were calculated and reference values were determined at 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The median and upper ranges for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol were observed to be higher in women in comparison to men (p <0.05). These reference ranges were similar to those derived from other African countries but lower than those recorded in France and in USA. This underscores the need for such comprehensible establishment of reference values for limited resources countries. Our study provides the first cholesterol sub-fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) reference ranges for interpretation of laboratory results for cardiovascular risk management in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice T. C. R. Kiba Koumaré
- Health Department, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Linda P. L. Sakandé
- Clinic Philadelphie of Ouagadougou, Clinical Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elie Kabré
- Health Department, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Issaka Sondé
- Health Department, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simporé
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Centre Médical Saint Camille, Ouagadougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean Sakandé
- Health Department, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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