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Pathi KM, Sprink T. From Petri Dish to Field: Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Oats for Improved Agricultural Outcomes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3782. [PMID: 37960138 PMCID: PMC10647551 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa) hold immense economic and nutritional value as a versatile crop. They have long been recognized as an exceptional choice for human consumption and animal feed. Oats' unique components, including proteins, starches, and β-glucans, have led to its widespread use in various food products such as bread, noodles, flakes, and milk. The popularity of oat milk as a vegan alternative to dairy milk has soared due to the increasing number of vegetarians/vegans and growing environmental awareness. Oat milk offers a sustainable option with reduced greenhouse gas emissions during its production, rendering it an appropriate choice for individuals who are lactose-intolerant or have dairy allergies. To ensure improved adaptability and enhanced nutrition, the development of new oat varieties is crucial, considering factors like cultivation, climate, and growing conditions. Plant cell culture plays a crucial role in both traditional and contemporary breeding methods. In classical breeding, plant cell culture facilitates the rapid production of double haploid plants, which can be employed to accelerate the breeding process. In modern breeding methods, it enables genetic manipulation and precise genome editing at the cellular level. This review delves into the importance of oats and their diverse applications, highlighting the advantages of plant cell culture in both classical and modern breeding methods. Specifically, it provides an overview of plant tissue culture, encompassing genetic transformation, haploid technology, protoplast technology, and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Pathi
- Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Thorben Sprink
- Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
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Correia M, Lopes T, Puga AP, Pinto G, Canhoto J, Correia S. Morpho-Physiological Evaluation of Solanum betaceum Cav. In Vitro Cloned Plants: A Comparison of Different Micropropagation Methods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091884. [PMID: 37176943 PMCID: PMC10180550 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a subtropical solanaceous tree with increasing agronomic interest due to its nutritious edible fruits. Growing demand for tamarillo plants and fruits requires optimization of existing propagation methods and scaled-up systems for large-scale cloning of selected germplasm. Three in vitro protocols have been used to micropropagate tamarillo: (1) axillary shoot proliferation in a semisolid medium, (2) organogenesis, and (3) somatic embryogenesis procedures. Variables such as the age of the established shoot cultures and rooting treatments were also analyzed. The morphological and physiological quality of acclimatized plants derived from all the methodologies were compared, with seed-derived plants used as a control group. Overall, the results show that in vitro-derived plants have a similar development to seed-derived plants. Micropropagation by axillary shoot proliferation was highly efficient, with rooting rates above 80% in most treatments. Organogenesis induction was more effective from lamina explants using MS media with 2.0 mg·L-1 6-benzylaminopurine. Both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis-derived plants were also morphologically and physiologically equivalent to seed and axillary shoot-derived plants. The specificities of each micropropagation method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Correia
- Center for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tércia Lopes
- Center for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Puga
- Center for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Center for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Center for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLAB, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-999 Elvas, Portugal
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Manokari M, Priyadharshini S, Shekhawat MS. Micro-Structural Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Vitex negundo L. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-9. [PMID: 33858540 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manokari
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry605008, India
- Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai600106, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Priyadharshini
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry605008, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry605008, India
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Mani M, Mathiyazhagan CR, Selvam P, Phulwaria M, Shekhawat MS. Foliar micro-morphology: a promising tool to improve survival percentage of tissue culture raised plantlets with special reference to in vitro propagation of Vitex negundo L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42535-020-00134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Revathi J, Manokari M, Latha R, Priyadharshini S, Kher MM, Shekhawat MS. In vitro propagation, in vitro flowering, ex vitro root regeneration and foliar micro-morphological analysis of Hedyotis biflora (Linn.) Lam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42535-019-00066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sharma U, Kataria V, Shekhawat NS. In vitro propagation, ex vitro rooting and leaf micromorphology of Bauhinia racemosa Lam.: a leguminous tree with medicinal values. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:969-977. [PMID: 29158643 PMCID: PMC5671441 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A micropropagation system for Bauhinia racemosa Lam. was developed involving axillary shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting using nodal explants obtained from mature tree. MS medium with 3.0 mg l-1 BA (6-benzyladenine) was optimum for shoot bud induction. For shoot multiplication, mother explants were transferred repeatedly on medium containing low concentration of BA (0.75 mg l-1). Number of shoots was increased up to two passages and decreased thereafter. Shoot multiplication was further enhanced on MS medium containing 0.25 mg l-1 each of BA and Kin (Kinetin) with 0.1 mg l-1 of NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). Addition of 0.004 mg l-1 TDZ (thidiazuron) increased the rate of shoot multiplication and 21.81 ± 1.26 shoots per culture vessel were obtained. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted under ex vitro conditions treated with 400 mg l-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) for 7 min on sterile soilrite. After successful hardening in greenhouse, ex vitro rooted plants were transferred to the field conditions with ≈85% of survival rate. Micromorphological changes were observed on leaf surface i.e. development of vein density and trichomes and stomatal appearance, when plants were subjected to environmental conditions. This is the first report on in vitro regeneration of B. racemosa from mature tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Sharma
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
| | - Vinod Kataria
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
| | - N. S. Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
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Choudhary SK, Patel AK, Harish, Shekhawat S, Shekhawat NS. An improved micropropagation system, ex vitro rooting and validation of genetic homogeneity in wild female Momordica dioica: an underutilized nutraceutical vegetable crop. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:713-722. [PMID: 28878509 PMCID: PMC5567702 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd., is a perennial and dioecious (2n = 28) plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Conventional methods of propagation through seeds, stem cuttings and rhizomatous/tuberous roots are inadequate for its mass cultivation as a vegetable crop. This paper reports an improved and efficient micropropagation method for wild female M. dioica using nodal explants. Shoot amplification was achieved using subculturing of in vitro raised shoots on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum number of shoots (45.30 ± 3.83) with an average length 6.52 ± 0.89 cm were differentiated on MS medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg L-1 IAA and additives (50 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, 25 mg L-1 each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and l-arginine). The cloned shoots were rooted ex vitro. Each shoot treated with 250 mg L-1 IBA for 5 min produced 12.3 ± 1.33 with a mean length 5.4 ± 0.73 cm. More than 85% (46 plants) of ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in a greenhouse with normal growth characteristics. In order to evaluate the genetic stability of micropropagated plants, the two PCR-based techniques, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) were used. The amplification patterns of the micropropagated and mother plant were monomorphic thus depicting genetic stability of the micropropagation system. This protocol could be effectively employed for the mass multiplication of wild female M. dioica, a popular summer vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Kumari Choudhary
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC – Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 001 India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC – Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 001 India
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001 India
| | - Smita Shekhawat
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007 India
| | - Narpat S. Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC – Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 001 India
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Shekhawat MS, Manokari M. In vitro propagation, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of cannon ball tree (Couroupita guianensis aubl.): a multipurpose threatened species. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:131-42. [PMID: 27186027 PMCID: PMC4840142 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro propagation methods using seeds and nodal segments of a 21-year old Couroupita guianensis - a medicinally important but threatened tree have been developed. Hundred percent of the seeds germinated on half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg l(-1) indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). Nodal segments were found most suitable for the establishment of cultures. About 90 % explants responded and 4.1 ± 0.23 shoots per node were induced after five weeks of inoculation on MS medium +4.0 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Further shoot multiplication was achieved by repeated transfer of mother explants and subculturing of in vitro produced shoots on fresh medium. Maximum number (8.2 ± 0.17) of shoots were regenerated on MS medium with 1.0 mg l(-1) each of BAP and Kinetin (Kin) + 0.5 mg l(-1) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with additives (50 mg l(-1) of ascorbic acid and 25 mg l(-1) each of adenine sulphate, L-arginine and citric acid). The multiplied shoots rooted (4.3 ± 0.26 roots/shoot) on half strength MS medium with 2.5 mg l(-1) IBA. All the shoots were rooted ex vitro when pulse treated with 400 mg l(-1) of IBA for five min with an average of 7.3 ± 0.23 roots per shoot. Nearly 86 % of these plantlets were acclimatized within 7-8 weeks and successfully transferred in the field. Biologically significant developmental changes were observed during acclimation particularly in leaf micromorphology in terms of changes in stomata, veins and vein-islets, and trichomes. This study helps in understanding the response by the plants towards outer environmental conditions during acclimatization. This is the first report on micropropagation of C. guianensis, which could be used for the large-scale multiplication, restoration and conservation of germplasm of this threatened and medicinally important tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal S. Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, M.G.G.A.C., Mahe, Mahe, Pondicherry India
| | - M. Manokari
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, M.G.G.A.C., Mahe, Mahe, Pondicherry India
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