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Jiao L, Han C, Zhu J, Zhang P, Ma Y, Dai X, Zhang Y. Transcriptome analysis and development of EST-SSR markers in the mushroom Auricularia heimuer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12340. [PMID: 38811679 PMCID: PMC11136984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Auricularia heimuer, the third most frequently cultivated edible mushroom species worldwide, has high medicinal value. However, a shortage of molecular marker hinders the efficiency and accuracy of genetic breeding efforts for A. heimuer. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing data are essential for gene discovery and molecular markers development. This study aimed to clarify the distribution of SSR loci across the A. heimuer transcriptome and to develop highly informative EST-SSR markers. These tools can be used for phylogenetic analysis, functional gene mining, and molecular marker-assisted breeding of A. heimuer. This study used Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to obtain A. heimuer transcriptome data. The results revealed 37,538 unigenes in the A. heimuer transcriptome. Of these unigenes, 24,777 (66.01%) were annotated via comparison with the COG, Pfam, and NR databases. Overall, 2510 SSRs were identified from the unigenes, including 6 types of SSRs. The most abundant type of repeats were trinucleotides (1425, 56.77%), followed by mononucleotides (391, 15.58%) and dinucleotides (456, 18.17%). Primer pairs for 102 SSR loci were randomly designed for validity confirmation and polymorphism identification; this process yielded 53 polymorphic EST-SSR markers. Finally, 13 pairs of highly polymorphic EST-SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 52 wild A. heimuer germplasms, revealing that the 52 germplasms could be divided into three categories. These results indicated that SSR loci were abundant in types, numbers, and frequencies, providing a potential basis for germplasm resource identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding of A. heimuer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Jiao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Chuang Han
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Piqi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Yinpeng Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Xiaodong Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China.
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China.
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Tian S, Jiang D, Wan Y, Wang X, Liao Q, Li Q, Li HL, Liao L. The complete chloroplast genome of Zingiber striolatum Diels (Zingiberaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:48-51. [PMID: 36620324 PMCID: PMC9815242 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2160218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast genome of Zingiber striolatum Diels was sequenced using the MGI paired-end sequencing method and assembled. The chloroplast genome was 163,711 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,205 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 15,750 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 29,752 bp. The overall GC content was 36.1%, whereas the corresponding value in the IR regions was 41.1%, which was higher than that in the LSC region (33.8%) and SSC region (29.6%). A total of 136 complete genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome of Z. striolatum, including 87 protein-coding genes (79 protein-coding gene species), 40 tRNA genes (29 tRNA species), and 8 rRNA genes (4 rRNA species). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method, and the results showed that the phylogeny of Zingiber was well resolved with high support values, and Z. striolatum was sister to Z. mioga. The assembly and sequence analysis of the chloroplast genome can provide a basis for developing high-resolution genetic makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Tian
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqign Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China,College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhu Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yuepeng Wan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinhong Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Lei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Hong-Lei Li
| | - Linzheng Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China,Linzheng Liao College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing404020, China
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Chemical Constituents from the Buds of Zingiber striolatum. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Deng H, Zhang L, Liao M, Wang J, Liang D, Xia H, Lv X, Deng Q, Wang X, Tang Y, Lin L. A PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing-based full-length transcriptome atlas of tree tomato ( Solanum betaceum Cav.) and mining of simple sequence repeat markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052817. [PMID: 36407580 PMCID: PMC9667052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming’an Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Dynamic Changes in Ascorbic Acid Content during Fruit Development and Ripening of Actinidia latifolia (an Ascorbate-Rich Fruit Crop) and the Associated Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105808. [PMID: 35628618 PMCID: PMC9146223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinidia latifolia is one of the very few kiwifruit genotypes with extremely high ascorbic acid (AsA) content. However, a transcriptome atlas of this species is lacking. The accumulation of AsA during fruit development and ripening and the associated molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Herein, dynamic changes in AsA content at six different stages of A. latifolia fruit development and ripening were determined. AsA content of A. latifolia fruit reached 1108.76 ± 35.26 mg 100 g−1 FW at full maturity. A high-quality, full-length (FL) transcriptome of A. latifolia was successfully constructed for the first time using third-generation sequencing technology. The transcriptome comprises 326,926 FL non-chimeric reads, 15,505 coding sequences, 2882 transcription factors, 18,797 simple sequence repeats, 3328 long noncoding RNAs, and 231 alternative splicing events. The genes involved in AsA biosynthesis and recycling pathways were identified and compared with those in different kiwifruit genotypes. The correlation between the AsA content and expression levels of key genes in AsA biosynthesis and recycling pathways was revealed. LncRNAs that participate in AsA-related gene expression regulation were also identified. Gene expression patterns in AsA biosynthesis and metabolism exhibited a trend similar to that of AsA accumulation. Overall, this study paves the way for genetic engineering to develop kiwifruits with super-high AsA content.
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TAN D, CUI J, QIN L, WANG Y, HE Y, CHEN L, SHE X. Hypoglycemic effect of Zingiber striolatum bud extract in db/db mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinguo CUI
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lin QIN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yuhe WANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Yuqi HE
- Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Li CHEN
- Zunyi Medical University, China
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Transcriptome sequencing and microsatellite marker discovery in Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2007-2023. [PMID: 33730287 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima Swingle, is a tree species native to East Asia and has a great potential in decorative, bioenergy and industrial applications in many countries. To date, despite its commercial importance, the genomic and genetic resources available for this species are still insufficient. In this study, we characterized the transcriptome of A. altissima and developed thirteen EST-SSRs (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) based on Illumina paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Besides, we developed ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers using the available chloroplast genome of A. altissima. The transcriptome data produced 87,797 unigenes, of which 64,891 (73.91%) unigenes were successfully annotated in at least one protein database. For cpSSR markers the number of detected alleles (N) per marker varied from three at cpSSR12 to twelve at cpSSR8, the unbiased haploid diversity indices (uh) varied from 0.111 to 0.485, and haploid diversity indices (h) ranged from 0.101 to 0.444 with an average unbiased haploid diversity index (uh) of 0.274. Overall, a total of 65 different cpSSR alleles were identified at the ten loci among 165 individuals of A. altissima. The allele number per locus for EST-SSRs varied from 2.143 to 9.357, and the values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.312 to 1.000 and 0.505 to 0.826, respectively. The molecular markers developed in this study will facilitate future genetic diversity, population structure, long distance-gene transfer and pollen-based gene flow analyses of A. altissima populations from its known distribution ranges in China focusing on planted and natural forest stands.
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Fu L, Ding Z, Kumpeangkeaw A, Tan D, Han B, Sun X, Zhang J. De novo assembly, transcriptome characterization, and simple sequence repeat marker development in duckweed Lemna gibba. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:133-142. [PMID: 32158126 PMCID: PMC7036385 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lemna gibba is a species of duckweed showing great potential in bioenergy production and wastewater treatment. However, the relevant transcriptomic and genomic resources are very limited for this species, which dramatically hinders its genetic diversity and genome mapping researches. In this work, ~ 233.5 million clean reads were generated from L. gibba by Illumina paired-end sequencing, and subsequently they were de novo assembled into 131,870 unigenes, of which 61,622 were annotated and 43,319 were expressed with Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million fragments mapped (FPKM) > 5. In total, 19,297 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from 15,261 SSR-containing unigenes. Dinucleotide (78.4%) were the most abundant SSRs, followed by tri- (14.9%), tetra- (4.1%), and penta-nucleotides (1.5%). The top three motifs were AG/CT (69.9%), AC/GT (6.5%), and ATC/ATG (4.9%). Further analysis revealed that the presence of SSR motif was independent of the expression level for a given gene. Based on the sequence of these SSR-containing unigenes, a total of 10,292 SSR markers were developed, of which only 2671 were further retained after removing those derived from unannotated or extra-low expressed (e.g., FPKM ≤ 5) unigenes. Finally, a subset of 70 SSR markers was randomly selected and examined in nine diverse L. gibba genotypes for the PCR amplification and polymorphism, as well as in other duckweed species for the inter-specifically amplifiability. This work is the first report on the transcriptome-based large-scale SSR markers development and analysis in L. gibba. The transcriptome generated and the SSR markers developed in this work will provide a valuable resource for genetic diversity assessment in L. gibba and also for species relationship investigation in Lemnaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Anuwat Kumpeangkeaw
- International College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Department of Agriculture, Song Khla Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Had Yai, Song Khla 90110 Thailand
| | - Deguan Tan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Bingying Han
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Xuepiao Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou, 571101 China
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Niu J, Wang Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Sun Z, Huang K, Gong C, Luan M, Chen J. Development of SSR markers via de novo transcriptome assembly in Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Genome 2019; 62:817-831. [PMID: 31491340 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its high nutritive, economic, and medicinal values, Akebia trifoliata has received increased attention, making worthy of being used as a new fruit crop for further domestication and commercialization in China. However, molecular research of A. trifoliata has lagged as investigations of its genomic resources and molecular markers are rare. In this study, a cDNA library of A. trifoliata leaves was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq. 6000 sequencing system. In total, 101 417 transcripts, 63 757 unigenes, and 9494 simple sequence repeats were assembled and identified from the transcriptome datasets. The majority of the SSRs were di- and trinucleotide repeats. Length and number of SSR motifs ranged from 15 to 66, and 5 to 48 bp, respectively. Of which, the A/T mononucleotide motif and AG/TC and CT/GA dinucleotide motifs were the most abundant. Furthermore, 100 SSR primers were randomly selected to validate amplification and polymorphism, and 88 A. trifoliata accessions were definitively distinguished by 49 primers. With the Qinling mountains and Huaihe River line as the boundaries, the northern and southern accessions were clustered into different groups, but no clear geographical patterns (city or origin) were observed in the southern accessions. These newly identified molecular markers may provide a foundation for the genetic identification and diversity analysis and marker-assisted selection breeding in species of Akebia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Niu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry of China, Nanchang 330033, P.R. China
| | - Yaliang Shi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Kunyong Huang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Chun Gong
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry of China, Nanchang 330033, P.R. China
| | - Mingbao Luan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, P.R. China
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Tian M, Liu T, Wu X, Hong Y, Liu X, Lin B, Zhou Y. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the essential oil from the rhizomes of Zingiber striolatum Diels. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2621-2625. [PMID: 30908095 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1544979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil (EO) from the rhizomes of Zingiber striolatum Diels were reported for the first time. Forty-five compounds were identified, and represented 95.7% of the total composition of the EO. The predominant components of the EO were β-phellandrene (24.0%), sabinene (17.3%), β-pinene (11.4%), geranyl linalool (8.6%), terpinen-4-ol (8.3%), α-pinene (5.6%) and crypton (4.5%). The EO revealed a weak DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity. The EO exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with the inhibition zones (12.86-24.62 mm) and MIC (0.78-3.12 mg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans. The EO showed significant cytotoxicity against human leukemic (K562), lung cancer (A549) and prostatic carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines with the IC50 values of 29.67, 48.87 and 86.05 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the EO could be regarded as a bioactive natural product with potential for utilization in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Tian
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xianghuan Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiongli Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lin
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
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