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Andonova T, Petkova Z, Teneva O, Antova G, Apostolova E, Naimov S, Mladenova T, Slavov I, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I. Ailanthus altissima Seed Oil-A Valuable Source of Lipid-Soluble Components with DNA Protective and Antiproliferative Activities. Foods 2024; 13:1268. [PMID: 38672940 PMCID: PMC11048806 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the chemical and lipid composition of seed oil of the European ornamental and invasive wood plant Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae). Total lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, ash, and moisture in the seeds were determined. A high yield of glyceride oil (30.7%) was found, as well as a high content of fibers (29.6%) and proteins (18.7%). Physicochemical properties of the oil define it as semi-dry (129.4 g I2/100 g Iodine value) with oxidative stability, refractive index, saponification value, and relative density similar to widely used oils with nutritional value and health benefits. The composition of the seed oil was determined chromatographically. Unsaturated fatty acids (95.3%) predominated in the seed oil, of which linoleic acid (48.6%) and oleic acid (44.8%) were the major ones. The main lipid-soluble bioactive components were β-sitosterol (72.6%), γ-tocopherol (74.6%), phosphatidylinositol (29.5%), and phosphatidic acids (25.7%). The proven in vitro DNA-protective ability of seed oil is reported for the first time. The seed oil exhibited a weak antiproliferative effect on HT-29 and PC3 tumor cell lines and showed no cytotoxicity on the BALB/c 3T3 cell line. In brief, the present study reveals that A. altissima seed oil can be used as a healthy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Andonova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (T.M.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Olga Teneva
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Ginka Antova
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (O.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Tsvetelina Mladenova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (T.M.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Iliya Slavov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (T.M.); (I.D.-D.)
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Han T, Lu M, Cui S, Liu S, Avramidis S, Qian J. How does ultrasound contribute to the migration of extractives inside Ailanthus altissima wood? Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 101:106708. [PMID: 38041882 PMCID: PMC10711486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Extractives have an impact on the processing and commercial value of wood. Ultrasound is an environmentally friendly technology commonly employed to reduce the extractive content and thus enhance the permeability of wood. This study aimed to understand the migration mechanism of extractives inside wood during ultrasonic treatment, which may help to obtain the desired wood properties. The extractive distribution of Ailanthus altissima was observed by using stereo microscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, the extractive content was determined, and the relationship between the concentration of water-soluble extractives and absorbance was measured using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer, and the migration model of extractives was studied using layered extraction by innovatively combining the weight and the absorbance methods. The results revealed that the extractives were predominantly distributed in the vessels and diminished after ultrasonic treatment. The extractive content gradually decreased over time (0 ∼ 5 h), with a rapid decline observed within the first 2 h. The concentration of the water-soluble extractives exhibited a proportional relationship with the absorbance. Through the comparison of the layered-extractive concentration, accumulating evidence suggested that the migration of the extractives was a dynamic process, which included the extractives migrating towards easy-extracted area, moving along the direction of ultrasound propagation inside the wood, and leaching out of wood during ultrasonic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyu Han
- Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Manman Lu
- Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shixia Cui
- Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Stavros Avramidis
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration on Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
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Shao Q, Li TY, Quan W, Wang H, Yan KY, Qiu PC, Tang HF, Lu YY. The alkaloids with neuroprotective effect from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3751-3757. [PMID: 36416576 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2149518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemical constituent investigation on the root bark of Ailanthus altissima leads to the isolation of a new β-carboline alkaloid, 14(S),15-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-β-carboline (1), along with nine known alkaloids. The structure of new compound was elucidated on basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, especially two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques and the absolute configuration of C-14 was determined by ECD calculation. The neuroprotective effect of the isolated compounds on PC12 cells against the serum deprivation injury was evaluated by MTT method. As a result, compound 7 revealed protective effect on PC12 cells and the cell survival rate was significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Yu Yan
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qiu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Yang Lu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Dechaine AC, Pfeiffer DG, Kuhar TP, Salom SM, Leskey TC, McIntyre KC, Walsh B, Speer JH. Dendrochronology reveals different effects among host tree species from feeding by Lycorma delicatula (White). Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1137082. [PMID: 38469497 PMCID: PMC10926496 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1137082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), was first detected in the United States in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 2014. Native to China, this phloem-feeding planthopper threatens agricultural, ornamental, nursery, and timber industries in its invaded range through quarantine restrictions on shipments, as well as impacts on plants themselves. The long-term impacts of L. delicatula feeding on tree species have not been well studied in North America. Using standard dendrochronological methods on cores taken from trees with differing levels of L. delicatula infestation and systemic insecticidal control, we quantified the impact of L. delicatula feeding on the annual growth of four tree species in Pennsylvania: Ailanthus altissima, Juglans nigra, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Acer rubrum. The results suggest that L. delicatula feeding is associated with the diminished growth of A. altissima, but no change was observed in any other tree species tested. The results also suggest that systemic insecticides mitigate the impact of L. delicatula feeding on A. altissima growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Dechaine
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Douglas G. Pfeiffer
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Thomas P. Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Scott M. Salom
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Tracy C. Leskey
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA—ARS), Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Kelly C. McIntyre
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brian Walsh
- Pennsylvania State University Extension, Leesport, PA, United States
| | - James H. Speer
- Geography and Geology Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States
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Schley RJ, Leitch IJ, Christenhusz MJM. The genome sequence of the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, 1916. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:321. [PMID: 37663793 PMCID: PMC10472066 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19628.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Sapindales; Simaroubaceae). The genome sequence is 939 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies are 661.1 kilobases and 161.1 kilobases long, respectively.
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Lewis P, Davila-Flores A, Wallis E. An effective trap for spotted lanternfly egg masses. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1154510. [PMID: 38469494 PMCID: PMC10926488 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1154510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Spotted lanternfly (SLF) (Lycorma delicatula (White)), an invasive planthopper discovered in Pennsylvania, USA in 2014, continues to spread and is now present in 14 states with substantial infestations present in seven states. Population projections using adult SLF trapping or visual counts are not reliable due to the transient, migratory behavior of the adults which make population forecasts difficult. Another approach to population monitoring is utilization of the stationary egg mass stage, but counting small cryptic egg masses throughout the canopy of large trees in dense woodlots is arduous and prone to error. After several field seasons testing various trapping configurations and materials, we have identified an efficient, simple, low-cost trap termed a 'lamp shade trap' that is attached to the lower trunk area of an SLF host tree. SLF females readily enter the trap and lay eggs on the thin, flexible trap surface. A vertical trap orientation was superior, and the most productive woodlots yielded an average of 47 and 54 egg masses per trap, and several traps had over 100 egg masses. There were 1,943 egg masses tallied from 105 traps placed at six locations in two states. Egg mass counts in the area above and below the traps and on nearby control trees yielded very few egg masses in comparison. Selection of trees 15 to 20 cm in diameter for trap placement is most efficient, yielding good egg mass abundance while minimizing the amount of trap material used. The lamp shade trap has potential as an effective tool to identify SLF in new areas, gauge SLF population levels in woodlots and can also be used to collect and monitor egg masses for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Lewis
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
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Keyzer J, Lewis P, McCullough DG. Persistence and distribution of dinotefuran in tree of heaven. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1134064. [PMID: 38469532 PMCID: PMC10926394 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1134064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Spotted lanternfly (SLF) (Lycorma delicatula (White)), an invasive planthopper discovered in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. in 2014, feeds for approximately six months by sucking phloem sap from trunks and limbs of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, along with several native trees and woody vines. Basal trunk sprays of dinotefuran, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, are commonly used to reduce SLF densities and spread. Information on dinotefuran persistence and within-tree distribution can help identify optimal timing of annual basal trunk sprays, facilitating efficient use of available resources. We applied dinotefuran to 20 uninfested A. altissima trees in early April then periodically sampled foliage to monitor insecticide residues. Foliar dinotefuran residues averaged (± SE) 7.8 ± 1.1 and 6.3 ± 1.2 in July and August, respectively, then dropped significantly to 2.6 ± 0.5 ppm in September. In a second study, 20 A. altissima trees were similarly treated with dinotefuran basal trunk sprays in early June. Trees were felled to collect foliage and phloem from branches and the trunk in either mid-July or September. Foliar residues averaged 12.7 ± 1.3 and 14.6 ± 2.2 ppm in July and September, respectively. For trees felled in July, residues were detected in phloem collected from below the spray line on trunks of seven trees and above the spray line on three trees, averaging 8.6 ± 4.4 and 7.4 ± 2.9 ppm, respectively. In trees felled in September, phloem from below spray lines of seven trees averaged 3.7 ± 1.3 ppm but dinotefuran was not detected in phloem from above the spray line on any trees. Dinotefuran was not detected in phloem sampled from any branches in either July or September. Results suggest dinotefuran basal trunk sprays applied between late May and mid June should persist long enough to effectively control SLF late instars and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Keyzer
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Phillip Lewis
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Deborah G. McCullough
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Andonova T, Muhovski Y, Slavov I, Vrancheva R, Georgiev V, Apostolova E, Naimov S, Mladenov R, Pavlov A, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant and DNA-Protective Capacity, and Microscopic Characters of Ailanthus altissima Aerial Substances. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:920. [PMID: 36840268 PMCID: PMC9967504 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species as sources of natural components are of increasing interest for scientific research. This is the case of Ailanthus altissima, which belongs to the top 100 of the most dangerous invasive plant species in Europe, and which is the subject of the present study. The purpose of the research was to analyze the main phenolic compounds in the flowers, leaves, and stem bark of A. altissima and determine the DNA-protective and antioxidant potential of their ethanolic extracts. HPLC profiling revealed the presence of 6 flavonoids and 10 phenolic acids, of which 15 were found in flowers, 14 in leaves, and 11 in the stem bark. Rutin (5.68 mg/g dw in flowers), hesperidin (2.67 mg/g dw in leaves) and (+)-catechin (2.15 mg/g dw in stem bark) were the best-represented flavonoids. Rosmarinic (10.32 mg/g dw in leaves) and salicylic (6.19 mg/g dw in leaves) acids were predominant among phenolic acids. All plant extracts tested showed in vitro antioxidant activity (determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays) and DNA-protection capacity (assay with supercoiled plasmid DNA-pUC19). The highest antioxidant activity was recorded in the flower parts (in the range from 661 to 893 mmol TE/g dw), followed by the leaves. A DNA protective potential for A. altissima leaf and flower extracts has not been established to date. In addition, the main microscopic diagnostic features of studied plant substances were described, with data for the flower parts being reported for the first time. The present study proves that A. altissima could be a natural source of DNA protection and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Andonova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Life Sciences Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Iliya Slavov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Vrancheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Mladenov
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Visztra GV, Frei K, Hábenczyus AA, Soóky A, Bátori Z, Laborczi A, Csikós N, Szatmári G, Szilassi P. Applicability of Point- and Polygon-Based Vegetation Monitoring Data to Identify Soil, Hydrological and Climatic Driving Forces of Biological Invasions-A Case Study of Ailanthus altissima, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Robinia pseudoacacia. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:855. [PMID: 36840203 PMCID: PMC9965585 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive tree species are a significant threat to native flora. They modify the environment with their allelopathic substances and inhibit the growth of native species by shading, thus reducing diversity. The most effective way to control invasive plants is to prevent their spread which requires identifying the environmental parameters promoting it. Since there are several types of invasive plant databases available, determining which database type is the most relevant for investigating the occurrence of alien plants is of great importance. In this study, we compared the efficiency and reliability of point-based (EUROSTAT Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS)) and polygon-based (National Forestry Database (NFD)) databases using geostatistical methods in ArcGIS software. We also investigated the occurrence of three invasive tree species (Ailanthus altissima, Elaeagnus angustifolia, and Robinia pseudoacacia) and their relationships with soil, hydrological, and climatic parameters such as soil organic matter content, pH, calcium carbonate content, rooting depth, water-holding capacity, distance from the nearest surface water, groundwater depth, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation with generalized linear models in R-studio software. Our results show that the invasion levels of the tree species under study are generally over-represented in the LUCAS point-based vegetation maps, and the point-based database requires a dataset with a larger number of samples to be reliable. Regarding the polygon-based database, we found that the occurrence of the invasive species is generally related to the investigated soil and hydrological and climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Veronika Visztra
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, Egyetem utca 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kata Frei
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Soóky
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bátori
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Laborczi
- Department of Soil Mapping and Environmental Informatics, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Csikós
- Department of Soil Mapping and Environmental Informatics, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szatmári
- Department of Soil Mapping and Environmental Informatics, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Szilassi
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, Egyetem utca 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
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Muhammad Abdur Rahman H, Javaid S, Ashraf W, Fawad Rasool M, Saleem H, Ali Khan S, Ul-Haq Z, Muhammad Muneeb Anjum S, Ahmad T, Alqahtani F, Ur Rehman A, Imran I. Effects of long-term Ailanthus altissima extract supplementation on fear, cognition and brain antioxidant levels. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:191-206. [PMID: 36942273 PMCID: PMC10023549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ailanthus altissima is an indigenous plant known for various remedial properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of methanolic extract Ailanthus altissima (AA) bark as current scientific trend is searching plant for neurodegenerative diseases, worldwide. Methodology In in-vitro experiments, the AA was analyzed for phenols, flavonoids, antioxidative and cholinesterase inhibitory properties with subsequent detailed characterization for secondary metabolites. The in-vivo neurological effects were evaluated in rats through behavioral assessment for anxiety and memory after chronic administration (28 days) of 50-200 mg/kg of AA. At the end of behavior studies, isolated brains were biochemically tested to determine antioxidant enzyme activity. Results AA was found rich in phenols/flavonoids and active in radical scavenging with the presence of 13 secondary metabolites in UHPLC-MS analysis. The AA yielded anxiolytic effects dose-dependently in the open field, light/dark and elevated-plus maze tests as animals significantly (P < 0.05 vs control group) preferred open arena, illuminated zone and exposed arms of maze. Similarly, the animals treated with AA showed significant (P < 0.05 vs amnesic group) increase in spontaneous alternation, discrimination index in y-maze, novel object recognition tests. Further, AA.Cr treated rats showed noticeably shorter escape latencies in Morris water maze tests.In biochemical analysis, the dissected brains AA treated rats showed reduced levels of AChE and malondialdehyde with increased levels of first-line antioxidant enzymes i.e. glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. These observed biological effects might be attributed to phenols and flavonoids constituents owned by AA. -The in-silico studies showed thatconessine and lophirone J phytocompounds have good blood-brain barrier permeability and interaction with AChE. Conclusion The outcomes of this study validate that bark of Ailanthus altissima might work as a source of bioactive phytochemicals of neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ali Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA / INSERM U1209 / CNRS 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Anees Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
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Nixon LJ, Jones S, Dechaine AC, Ludwick D, Hickin M, Sullivan L, Elsensohn JE, Gould J, Keena M, Kuhar T, Pfeiffer DG, Leskey TC. Development of rearing methodology for the invasive Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Front Insect Sci 2022; 2:1025193. [PMID: 38468780 PMCID: PMC10926372 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.1025193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Lycorma delicatula, White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), spotted lanternfly, is a univoltine, phloem-feeding, polyphagous and invasive insect in the USA. Although a primary host for this species is Ailanthus altissima, tree of heaven, L. delicatula also feeds on a wide range of hosts important to the USA including cultivated grapevines. Due to the need for classical or augmentative biological control programs to reduce impacts of L. delicatula across invaded areas, we developed a laboratory-based rearing protocol for this invasive species. Here, we evaluated the use of A. altissima apical meristems, epicormic shoots, and fresh foliage cut from A. altissima as a food source for rearing newly hatched L. delicatula. On these sources of plant material <20% of L. delicatula developed into adults and no oviposition occurred. However, when young, potted A. altissima trees were used as a food source, >50% of L. delicatula nymphs developed to the adult stage under natural daylengths and temperatures ranging from 20-25°C. The addition of wild grapevine, Vitis riparia, did not increase survivorship or reduce development time. To elicit mating and oviposition, adults were provided with A. altissima logs as an oviposition substrate and maintained under shortened daylengths and reduced nighttime temperatures (12L:12D and 24°C:13°C). This resulted in 2.12 egg masses deposited per female, which was 4× more than when adults were maintained in standard rearing conditions (16L:8D and 25°C). Based on these experiments, we present a protocol for reliably rearing L. delicatula under laboratory and/or greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Nixon
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA - ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Sharon Jones
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA - ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | | | - Dalton Ludwick
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA - ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Mauri Hickin
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Liam Sullivan
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Johanna E. Elsensohn
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA - ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Juli Gould
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States
| | - Melody Keena
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hamden, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Tracy C. Leskey
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA - ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States
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12
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Chuang L, Liu S, Biedermann D, Franke J. Identification of early quassinoid biosynthesis in the invasive tree of heaven ( Ailanthus altissima) confirms evolutionary origin from protolimonoids. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:958138. [PMID: 36082289 PMCID: PMC9445810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.958138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (MILL.) SWINGLE, is a globally invasive plant known to secrete allelopathic metabolites called quassinoids. Quassinoids are highly modified triterpenoids. So far, nothing has been known about the biochemical basis of quassinoid biosynthesis. Here, based on transcriptome and metabolome data of Ailanthus altissima, we present the first three steps of quassinoid biosynthesis, which are catalysed by an oxidosqualene cyclase and two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, resulting in the formation of the protolimonoid melianol. Strikingly, these steps are identical to the first steps of the biosynthesis of limonoids, structurally different triterpenoids from sister plant families within the same order Sapindales. Our results are therefore not only important to fully understand the biosynthesis of complex triterpenoids in plants, but also confirm the long-standing hypothesis that quassinoids and limonoids share an evolutionary origin. In addition, our transcriptome data for Ailanthus altissima will be beneficial to other researchers investigating the physiology and ecology of this invasive tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chuang
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Shenyu Liu
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Dave Biedermann
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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13
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Pepe M, Gratani L, Crescente MF, Puglielli G, Varone L. Daily Temperature Effect on Seedling Growth Dynamic of Three Invasive Alien Species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:837449. [PMID: 35401595 PMCID: PMC8990299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A greater relative growth rate (RGR) is positively correlated with a species' ability to deploy a larger leaf area either due to a greater total number of leaves (LN) in the canopy or due to an average size of individual leaves (LA). This study aimed to analyze and compare, (1) the temporal (i.e., daily) RGR, leaf production rate (LPR), and leaf area production rate (LAPR) changes during the early growth stages of three among the most invasive species in the world, namely, Ailanthus altissima, Phytolacca americana, and Robinia pseudoacacia. (2) the interspecific differences in the relationship between RGR, LPR, LAPR, and mean daily air temperature. Our results show that growth dynamics as a function of temperature differ between invasive alien species (IAS). While these differences are partly explained by differences due to the growth form of the investigated species, the three IAS have a different behavior to adjust RGR, LPR, and LAPR with air temperature changes even within the same growth form, and in agreement with species habitat requirements in their native range. In conclusion, the results help disentangle the relative role of RGR, LPR, and LAPR in defining non-native species growth responses to mean daily air temperature also in relation to a species' growth form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pepe
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Gratani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Puglielli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Martí-Garrido J, Corominas M, Castillo-Fernández M, Belmonte J, Pineda F, Lleonart R. Allergy to Ailanthus altissima Pollen: A Local Allergen to Consider. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; 30:452-454. [PMID: 32376523 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Martí-Garrido
- Allergology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Corominas
- Allergology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Belmonte
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Pineda
- DIATER Laboratories, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Lleonart
- Allergology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Lv TM, Guo R, Yan ZY, Du YQ, Lin B, Huang XX, Song SJ. Structure elucidation of a new terpenylated coumarin with the combination of CASE algorithms and DFT/NMR approach. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2021; 23:982-991. [PMID: 32820653 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1804377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One new terpenylated coumarin ailanthuscoumarin was isolated from the root barks of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. The high oxidation of the compound led to the difficulty of structure elucidation by 2D-NMR spectra. Its structure was determined with the aid of computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE) expert systems and Gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR calculations. The absolute configuration of ailanthuscoumarin was determined by the comparison between the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The anti-hepatoma activity of ailanthuscoumarin against two human hepatoma cells (Hep3B, HepG2) was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ye-Qing Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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16
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Li X, Li Y, Ma S, Zhao Q, Wu J, Duan L, Xie Y, Wang S. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle bark: A comprehensive review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114121. [PMID: 33862103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (BAA), commonly designated as "Chunpi" in Chinese, is extensively used as a common traditional medicine in China, Korea, and India. It has been used to treat multiple ailments, including asthma, epilepsy, spermatorrhea, bleeding, and ophthalmic diseases, for thousands of years. AIM OF THE REVIEW To present a comprehensive and constructive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, traditional uses, quality control, and toxicology of BAA; to aid the assessment of the therapeutic potential of BAA; to guide researchers working on the development of novel therapeutic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information related to BAA (from 1960 to 2020) was retrieved from a wide variety of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Google Scholar. Additional information and materials were acquired from Chinese Medicine Monographs, the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and several web sources, such as the official website of The Plant List and Flora of China. Additionally, perspectives for future investigations and applications of BAA were extensively explored. RESULTS Approximately 221 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, quassinoids, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, volatile oils, and other compounds, have been isolated and characterized from BAA; among these, the quassinoid ailanthone is the most typical. The crude extracts and active compounds of BAA have been reported to exert a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, herbicidal, and insecticidal activities. Although BAA is safe when administered at a conventional dose, at higher doses, it exhibits toxicity due to the presence of quassinoids. Thus, more studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BAA. CONCLUSION Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that BAA, as a valuable medicinal resource, possesses the potential to treat a wide variety of ailments, especially, cancer and gastrointestinal inflammation. These studies present a wide range of perspectives for the development of new drugs related to BAA. However, only a few traditional uses are associated with the reported pharmacological activities of BAA and have been confirmed by preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and quality control of BAA should be considered indispensable research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yao Li
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Shanbo Ma
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Junsheng Wu
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Linrui Duan
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Northwest University Faculty of Life and Health Science, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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17
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Marini F, Profeta E, Vidović B, Petanović R, de Lillo E, Weyl P, Hinz HL, Moffat CE, Bon MC, Cvrković T, Kashefi J, Sforza RFH, Cristofaro M. Field Assessment of the Host Range of Aculus mosoniensis (Acari: Eriophyidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Tree of Heaven ( Ailanthus altissima). Insects 2021; 12:insects12070637. [PMID: 34357297 PMCID: PMC8306617 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to China, considered a serious invasive species worldwide, with several socio-economic and ecological impacts attributed to it. Chemical and mechanical methods have limited efficacy in its management, and biological controls may offer a suitable and sustainable option. Aculus mosoniensis (Ripka) is an eriophyid mite that has been recorded to attack tree of heaven in 13 European countries. This study aims to explore the host range of this mite by exposing 13 plant species, selected either for their phylogenetic and ecological similarity to the target weed or their economic importance. Shortly after inoculation with the mite, we recorded a quick decrease in mite number on all nontarget species and no sign of mite reproduction. Whereas, after just one month, the population of mites on tree of heaven numbered in the thousands, irrespective of the starting population, and included both adults and juveniles. Significantly, we observed evidence of damage due to the mite only on target plants. Due to the specificity, strong impact on the target, and the ability to increase its population to high levels in a relatively short amount of time, we find A. mosoniensis to be a very promising candidate for the biological control of tree of heaven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA) Onlus, Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Profeta
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA) Onlus, Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Biljana Vidović
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia; (B.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Radmila Petanović
- Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia; (B.V.); (R.P.)
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Philip Weyl
- CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland; (P.W.); (H.L.H.)
| | - Hariet L. Hinz
- CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland; (P.W.); (H.L.H.)
| | - Chandra E. Moffat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, 4200 BC-97, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada;
| | - Marie-Claude Bon
- European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34980 Montferri-er-sur-Lez, France; (M.-C.B.); (J.K.); (R.F.H.S.)
| | - Tatjana Cvrković
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pests, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics and Laboratory for Applied Entomology, Banatska 33, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia;
| | - Javid Kashefi
- European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34980 Montferri-er-sur-Lez, France; (M.-C.B.); (J.K.); (R.F.H.S.)
| | - René F. H. Sforza
- European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34980 Montferri-er-sur-Lez, France; (M.-C.B.); (J.K.); (R.F.H.S.)
| | - Massimo Cristofaro
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA) Onlus, Via Angelo Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.)
- ENEA Casaccia, SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
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18
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Zhang G, Guo W, Wang X, Wang Q, Cui J, Wen J. Structural comparison of the rostra of two species of weevils coexisting on Ailanthus altissima: the response to ecological demands of egg deposition. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:101. [PMID: 34049500 PMCID: PMC8161989 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elongated rostra play an important role in the egg-laying of weevils, and its emergence plays a key role in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and E. brandti Harold co-occur on the same only host Ailanthus altissima, while their oviposition sites are different. In order to understand the adaptation between the rostra of the two weevils and their oviposition sites, the structural differentiation of the rostra in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti was compared. Results The present study reveals that: (1) The rostra length of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti was found to be correlated with body size, larger weevils have a correspondingly longer rostrum. The increase of rostra length may be a byproduct of larger weevils. (2) There were significant differences in the external shape of the two rostra, especially the shape of the mandibles of the mouthparts at the apex of the rostra used to excavate an oviposition cavity. (3) There was no difference in the size of the abductor muscles that control the extension of the mandibles, but there were significant differences in the size of the adductor muscles that control the contraction of the mandibles. Conclusions These structural differences reflect the functional potential ovipositional tactics of rostra, which is considered to be a response to the ecological demands of egg deposition, and also provide new insights into the coexistence of two weevil species in the same host A. altissima. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01824-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Saina JK, Li ZZ, Mekbib Y, Gichira AW, Liao YY. Transcriptome sequencing and microsatellite marker discovery in Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2007-23. [PMID: 33730287 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima Swingle, is a tree species native to East Asia and has a great potential in decorative, bioenergy and industrial applications in many countries. To date, despite its commercial importance, the genomic and genetic resources available for this species are still insufficient. In this study, we characterized the transcriptome of A. altissima and developed thirteen EST-SSRs (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) based on Illumina paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Besides, we developed ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers using the available chloroplast genome of A. altissima. The transcriptome data produced 87,797 unigenes, of which 64,891 (73.91%) unigenes were successfully annotated in at least one protein database. For cpSSR markers the number of detected alleles (N) per marker varied from three at cpSSR12 to twelve at cpSSR8, the unbiased haploid diversity indices (uh) varied from 0.111 to 0.485, and haploid diversity indices (h) ranged from 0.101 to 0.444 with an average unbiased haploid diversity index (uh) of 0.274. Overall, a total of 65 different cpSSR alleles were identified at the ten loci among 165 individuals of A. altissima. The allele number per locus for EST-SSRs varied from 2.143 to 9.357, and the values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.312 to 1.000 and 0.505 to 0.826, respectively. The molecular markers developed in this study will facilitate future genetic diversity, population structure, long distance-gene transfer and pollen-based gene flow analyses of A. altissima populations from its known distribution ranges in China focusing on planted and natural forest stands.
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20
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Quinn NF, Talamas EJ, Leskey TC, Bergh JC. Seasonal Captures of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and the Effects of Habitat Type and Tree Species on Detection Frequency. Insects 2021; 12:118. [PMID: 33572774 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Trissolcus japonicus, an important natural enemy of brown marmorated stink bug in Asia, was first detected in the USA in 2014. To investigate when and where T. japonicus is found in the field, yellow sticky traps were deployed in the canopy of tree of heaven growing at the edge of small isolated patches, windbreaks, and woodlots in 2018 and 2019. In both years, captures occurred from May to September, with peaks in July and August. Captures of T. japonicus were recorded from all three habitats but were not consistently associated with a particular habit. In 2017 and 2018, T. japonicus captures were compared between tree of heaven paired with several other H. halys host trees growing at the woods edge, and in 2019, captures in tree of heaven, black walnut, and black locust growing in the same windbreaks were compared. Trissolcus japonicus and several native H. halys parasitoids were captured in all hosts, but there was not a consistent effect of host tree species on T. japonicus captures. These results can be used to inform and optimize future surveillance efforts for detecting T. japonicus as it continues to expand its range in the USA. Abstract Trissolcus japonicus, an important egg parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys in Asia, was first detected in the USA in 2014. To evaluate the effect of habitat and the seasonality of T. japonicus detections in the USA, yellow sticky traps were placed in the canopy of Ailanthus altissima growing at the edge of isolated patches of trees, windbreaks, and woodlots in northern Virginia in 2018 and 2019. In both years, captures occurred from May to September, and peaked in July and August. While T. japonicus was detected in all habitats, there was not a consistent effect of habitat type on capture frequency. To evaluate tree species effects on T. japonicus captures, in 2017 and 2018, yellow sticky traps deployed in the canopy of A. altissima bordering apple orchards were paired with a nearby trap in one of several wild tree species along a common woods edge. In 2019, these traps were deployed in A. altissima, black walnut, and black locust growing in the same windbreaks. No consistent association between captures of T. japonicus or native parasitoids of H. halys and the tree species sampled was observed among years. Results are discussed in relation to the ecology and sampling optimization of T. japonicus.
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Montecchiari S, Tesei G, Allegrezza M. Ailanthus altissima Forests Determine a Shift in Herbaceous Layer Richness: A Paired Comparison with Hardwood Native Forests in Sub-Mediterranean Europe. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9101404. [PMID: 33096941 PMCID: PMC7589998 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima is an invasive alien species (IAS) present throughout Europe and included in the list of alien species of Union concern. In sub-Mediterranean areas of central Italy, there is a lack of knowledge about this invasive species and its interactions with the native forest ecosystems. We aim to find what are the main differences in vegetation structure and floristic diversity between A. altissima forests and native forests through the assessment of the principal ecological parameters that differ between the forest types. We performed 38 phytosociological relevés and sampling of ecological parameters in A. altissima forest communities and neighboring native forests. We analyzed how species richness, diversity, life forms, life strategies, structural characteristics, and ecological parameters changed in A. altissima forests compared with native ones. We found that in A. altissima forests, there is a shift in herbaceous layer richness, with a higher presence of annual ruderal herbs and the absence of herbaceous species linked to the forest environment. The ecological parameters that diverge from the native forests were total nitrogen, total carbon, and C/N ratio. A. altissima forest communities could threaten the biodiversity of the native forest ecosystems in the sub-Mediterranean landscape, favoring ruderal species and inhibiting the presence of typical forest species.
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Woodworth GR, Ward JN, Carr DE. Exotic tree and shrub invasions alter leaf-litter microflora and arthropod communities. Oecologia 2020; 193:177-87. [PMID: 32322986 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of all annual net primary productivity in temperate deciduous forests ends up entering the detritus food web as leaf litter. Due to chemical and physical differences from native litter, inputs from invasive species may impact the litter-dwelling community and ecosystem processes. We compared leaf-litter nutritional quality and decomposition rates from two invasive shrubs, Lonicera maackii and Rhamnus davurica, and the invasive tree Ailanthus altissima to litter from native oak-hickory forest in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, USA. We sampled litter from both invaded and uninvaded habitats and conducted litter colonization experiments to test for effects on microflora and the litter-dwelling arthropod communities. Litter from all three invasive species decomposed more rapidly than native litter, with native habitats averaging two to nearly five times as much litter by June. Invasive litter had higher nitrogen concentration and lower C:N ratios than native litter. Invasive litter supported greater growth of bacteria and fungi. Higher numbers of arthropods colonized invasive litter than native litter, but litter arthropod numbers on the forest floor of invaded habitats dropped in the early summer as litter decomposed. Litter had no effect on arthropod richness. Over short time scales, our results indicate that these invasive species represent beneficial, novel resources for the litter-dwelling community. However, the short-lived nature of this resource resulted in a crash in the abundance of the litter-dwelling organisms once the litter decomposed. As a whole, native habitat seems to support a larger, more stable litter-dwelling community over the course of a growing season.
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Samei A, Fallahpour M, Bolouri MR, Mahmoudi AR, Nasri F, Seif F, Khoshmirsafa M, Batooli H, Shekarabi M, Falak R. Evaluating the Immunoreactivity of Ailanthus Altissima (The Tree of Heaven) Pollen Extract in Atopic Patients. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 19:132-138. [PMID: 32372626 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v19i2.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to pollens is a common health problem in atopic patients. In this regard, the assessment of the allergenicity of highly pollinating plants would be demanding. Based on the increment of Ailanthus altissima (A. altissima) tree in some parts of Iran and considering its probable role in respiratory allergy, in this study, we aimed to investigate its IgE-immunoreactivity and in diagnostic applications. One hundred and twenty-five allergic rhinitis patients who were diagnosed as high IgE responders and demonstrated seasonal rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, as well as 20 healthy controls (HCs) with no allergic symptoms, were enrolled in this study. Total protein extract was prepared from A. altissima pollens and subjected to quality control experiments and finally used in ELISA and western blotting studies. Approximately 24% of the atopic patients (30 from 125) showed positive immunoreactivity to A. altissima extract. The median (IQR) of absorbance (450 nm) of the specific IgE against A. altissima pollen extract in HCs and positive groups were 0.33 (0.28-0.42) and 0.59 (0.36-0.79), respectively (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the specific ELISA results, revealed a cut-off value of 0.46 and a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100%. Western blotting with the sera positive cases revealed that the main immunoreactive proteins range from 10 to 70 kDa. This study revealed that some of A. altissima pollen proteins ranging from 10 to 70 kDa show IgE-reactivity in atopic patients and may play a role in their allergic reaction symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Samei
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Laboratory Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasul e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ahmad-Reza Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Nasri
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossien Batooli
- Kashan Botanical Garden, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Shekarabi
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Filippi A, Petrussa E, Boscutti F, Vuerich M, Vrhovsek U, Rabiei Z, Braidot E. Bioactive Polyphenols Modulate Enzymes Involved in Grapevine Pathogenesis and Chitinase Activity at Increasing Complexity Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6357. [PMID: 31861147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of synthetic chemistry use in modern viticulture relies on either the biological control of microorganisms or the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins. In the present study, the effects of hydro-alcoholic plant extracts (PEs) (i.e., by-products of Vitis vinifera L., leaves of Olea europaea L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) were tested on purified enzymes activity involved in plant-pathogen interactions. The polyphenolic composition was assayed and analyzed to characterize the extract profiles. In addition, suspension cell cultures of grapevine were treated with PEs to study their modulation of chitinase activity. Application of grape marc’s PE enhanced chitinase activity at 4 g L−1. Additionally, foliar treatment of grape marc’s PE at two doses (4 g L−1 and 800 g L−1) on grapevine cuttings induced a concentration-dependent stimulation of chitinase activity. The obtained results showed that the application of bioactive compounds based on PEs, rich in phenolic compounds, was effective both at in vitro and ex/in vivo level. The overall effects of PEs on plant-pathogen interaction were further discussed by applying a multi-criteria decision analysis, showing that grape marc was the most effective extract.
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Yang K, Wen X, Guo W, Wen J. A novel adhesive trunk trap net for trapping Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:3218-3225. [PMID: 30972902 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) is a destructive wood-boring pest of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, in China. At present, the management of E. brandti relies exclusively on frequent applications of synthetic insecticides. Environmentally friendly alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides would be beneficial. A trunk trap net (TTN), an adhesive trap (AT), and an adhesive trunk trap net (ATTN) were evaluated in their ability to capture E. brandti. RESULTS Significantly greater laboratory weevil recapture rates were found using the ATTN (78%) than using the TTN (8%) and AT (0%). In total, 45% of marked weevils were captured by the ATTN, an eight-fold increase in catch rates using the TTN in mark-release-recapture field trials in 2017. No marked weevils were captured by the AT. Field trials in 2017 and 2018 showed that the ATTN captured six to seven times more wild weevils than using the TTN. CONCLUSION Adhesive Trunk Trap nets (ATTNs) were more effective in capturing E. brandti adults than Trunk Trap nets (TTNs). These results support the use of the ATTN as an eco-friendly tool for the integrated management of E. brandti. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Yang
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Wen
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Demasi S, Caser M, Fogliatto S, Vidotto F, Trotta F, Scariot V. Ailanthone inhibition data on seed germination and seedling growth of Lepidium sativum L. and Raphanus sativus L. Data Brief 2019; 26:104550. [PMID: 31667308 PMCID: PMC6811969 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ailanthone is a quassinoid from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle with allelopathic properties that deserves interest for its potential use as a natural herbicide. Data about seed germination and root and hypocotyl length of two model species (Lepidium sativus L.ˈIngleseˈ and Raphanus sativus L.ˈTondo Rosso BIOˈ) treated with different concentrations of ailanthone are reported. Data derive from experiments performed in a growth chamber on filter paper, non-sterile urban soil, and a cultivation substrate for horticulture. Part of their elaboration and interpretation can be found in the research article titled “Ailanthone from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle as potential natural herbicide” (Demasi et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Demasi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Matteo Caser
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Fogliatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Vidotto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Scariot
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Planchuelo G, Catalán P, Delgado JA, Murciano A. Data on samara morphology and wind dispersal in the invasive tree Ailanthus altissima. Data Brief 2019; 26:104521. [PMID: 31667284 PMCID: PMC6811984 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this paper is supporting the research article “Estimating wind dispersal potential in Ailanthus altissima: The need to consider the three-dimensional structure of samaras” [1]. We analyzed the estimation of samara's wind dispersal potential through a group of morphological variables that succeed in describing the three-dimensional nature of samaras. We present here a dataset containing 8 morphological variables of 200 samaras belonging to 5 different individuals of the invasive tree Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Additionally, we present the average descent velocity of each of the samaras, which was recorded by releasing 5 times each samara under controlled and reproducible conditions. The data set is structured in a single spreadsheet where we also included the samara and the individual identity code of the tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Planchuelo
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Catalán
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Juan A Delgado
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense, Spain
| | - Antonio Murciano
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense, Spain
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Zhang GY, Ji YC, Gao P, Wen JB. Oviposition Behavior and Distribution of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Ailanthus altissima (Mill.). Insects 2019; 10:E284. [PMID: 31487840 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorrhychinae) is a major quarantine forest pest in China. It often co-occurs with E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorrhychinae) on a single host Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree of heaven). (2) In this study, to explain the coexistence of the two weevils on a single host, we investigated the oviposition behavior of E. scrobiculatus and oviposition sites of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti under afield and laboratory conditions. (3) The characteristic behaviors of E. scrobiculatus females prior to oviposition included searching, locating, excavation, turning, locating the oviposition cavity, egg deposition, and hiding. (4) The oviposition sites used by E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti differed. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus females laid eggs in the soil near A. altissima and compound leaf petioles, while E. brandti females laid eggs in A. altissima trunks. The eggs in compound leaf petioles did not hatch in the field. (5) Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti utilized different oviposition sites and these differences in habitat use may reduce the competition for resources between species during the larval period, thus facilitating their coexistence on A. altissima.
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Du YQ, Yan ZY, Chen JJ, Wang XB, Huang XX, Song SJ. The identification of phenylpropanoids isolated from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1139-1146. [PMID: 31315448 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1643861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of 75% EtOH exact of the root bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle led to the isolation and identification of two new phenylpropanoids (1-2), along with six known compounds (3-8). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses including NMR experiments and HRESIMS analyses, as well as computer-assisted structure elucidation software (ACD/Spectrus Processor). All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against Hep 3B and Hep G2 cells. Compound 1 and 7 displayed weak cytotoxic activities against the Hep 3B cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Qing Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yang Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jie Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics support force No.967 Hospital, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics support force No.967 Hospital, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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El Ayeb-Zakhama A, Chahdoura H, Ziani BEC, Snoussi M, Khemiss M, Flamini G, Harzallah-Skhiri F. Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle seed oil: chromatographic characterization by GC-FID and HS-SPME-GC-MS, physicochemical parameters, and pharmacological bioactivities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:14137-14147. [PMID: 30854623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the physicochemical and the chemical properties of Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle seed oil and to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The fatty acids' composition was determined using GC-FID. The oil was screened for antioxidant activity by DPPH test. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were determined using the acetic acid writhing test in mice and the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in rats, respectively. Volatile compounds were characterized by HS-SPME-GC-MS. A. altissima produces seeds which yielded 17.32% of oil. The seed oil was characterized by a saponification number of 192.6 mg KOH∙g of oil, a peroxide value of 11.4 meq O2∙kg of oil, a K232 of 4.04, a K270 of 1.24, and a phosphorus content of 126.2 ppm. The main fatty acids identified were palmitic (3.06%), stearic (1.56%), oleic (38.35%), and linoleic acids ones (55.76%). The main aroma compounds sampled in the headspace were carbonyl derivatives. The oil presents an important antioxidant activity (IC50 = 24.57 μg/mL) and a modest antimicrobial activity. The seed oil at 1 g/kg showed high analgesic (91.31%) and anti-inflammatory effects (85.17%). The presence of high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and the noteworthy antioxidant capacity of the seed oil can hypothesize its use as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Ayeb-Zakhama
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressourses: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Hassiba Chahdoura
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Borhane Eddine Cherif Ziani
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mehdi Khemiss
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratory of Recherche "Bioressourses: Biology Integrative & Valorisation" High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en Analyses physico-chimiques CRAPC, Bou Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceutical and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Wen X, Wang Q, Gao P, Wen J. Identification and Comparison of Chemosensory Genes in the Antennal Transcriptomes of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti Fed on Ailanthus altissima. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1652. [PMID: 30515106 PMCID: PMC6256065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to the coexistence of two or more species on the same host is ecological niche separation. Adult Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti both feed on the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, but on different sections of the plant. Olfaction plays a vital role in foraging for food resources. Chemosensory genes on the antennae, the main organ for insect olfaction, might explain their feeding differentiation. In the present study, we identified 130 and 129 putative chemosensory genes in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti, respectively, by antennal transcriptome sequencing, including 31 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 49 odorant receptors (ORs), 17 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 19 gustatory receptors (GRs), and three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) in E. scrobiculatus and 28 OBPs, 11 CSPs, 45 ORs, 25 IRs, 17 GRs, and three SNMPs in E. brandti. We inferred that EscrOBP8 (EscrPBP1), EscrOBP24 (EscrPBP2) and EbraOBP8 (EbraPBP1), EbraOBP24 (EbraPBP2) were putative PBPs by the phylogenetic analysis. We identified species-specific OR transcripts (10 EscrORs and 8 EbraORs) with potential roles in the recognition of specific volatiles of A. altissima. In addition to conserved “antennal IRs,” we also found several “divergent IRs” orthologues in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti, such as EscrIR16, EbraIR19, and EbraIR20. Compared with other chemosensory genes, GRs between E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti shared lower amino acid identities, which could explain the different feeding habits of the species. We examined OBP expression patterns in various tissues and sexes. Although amino acid sequence similarities were high between EscrOBPs and EbraOBPs, the homologous OBPs showed different tissue expression pattern between two weevils. Our systematic comparison of chemosensory genes in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti provides a foundation for studies of olfaction and olfactory differentiation in the two weevils as well as a theoretical basis for studying species differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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32
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Liu D, Zhang J, Tang SN, Zhang XQ, Ye WC. [Lignans from barks of Ailanthus altissima]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:4615-20. [PMID: 28936846 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eleven lignans were isolated from the ethanol extract of the barks of Ailanthus altissima through various column chromatography methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and HPLC. By physical, chemical and comprehensive spectroscopic methods, their structures were identified as (+)-neoolivil(1), prunustosanan AI (2), (7S,8R)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4'-neolignan (3), (7R,8S)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4'-neolignan (4), (7S,8R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol(5), pinnatifidanin B V (6), pinnatifidanin B VI (7), (7R,7'R,7″S,8S,8'S,8″S)-4',4″-dihydroxy-3,3',3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol (8), hedyotol D (9), 5-(2-propenyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3,4-methylenediovxyphenyl)benzofuran (10), and (7R,8S,7'E)-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4'-sinapyl ether(11).All of these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Saina JK, Li ZZ, Gichira AW, Liao YY. The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Tree of Heaven ( Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), an Important Pantropical Tree. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E929. [PMID: 29561773 PMCID: PMC5979363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) is a deciduous tree widely distributed throughout temperate regions in China, hence suitable for genetic diversity and evolutionary studies. Previous studies in A. altissima have mainly focused on its biological activities, genetic diversity and genetic structure. However, until now there is no published report regarding genome of this plant species or Simaroubaceae family. Therefore, in this paper, we first characterized A. altissima complete chloroplast genome sequence. The tree of heaven chloroplast genome was found to be a circular molecule 160,815 base pairs (bp) in size and possess a quadripartite structure. The A. altissima chloroplast genome contains 113 unique genes of which 79 and 30 are protein coding and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes respectively and also 4 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) with overall GC content of 37.6%. Microsatellite marker detection identified A/T mononucleotides as majority SSRs in all the seven analyzed genomes. Repeat analyses of seven Sapindales revealed a total of 49 repeats in A. altissima, Rhus chinensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Leitneria floridana, while Azadirachta indica, Boswellia sacra, and Citrus aurantiifolia had a total of 48 repeats. The phylogenetic analysis using protein coding genes revealed that A. altissima is a sister to Leitneria floridana and also suggested that Simaroubaceae is a sister to Rutaceae family. The genome information reported here could be further applied for evolution and invasion, population genetics, and molecular studies in this plant species and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josphat K Saina
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhi-Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Andrew W Gichira
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yi-Ying Liao
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China.
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Aoki T, Kasson MT, Berger MC, Freeman S, Geiser DM, O'Donnell K. Fusarium oligoseptatum sp. nov., a mycosymbiont of the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea validus in the Eastern U.S. and typification of F. ambrosium. Fungal Syst Evol 2018; 1:23-39. [PMID: 32490361 PMCID: PMC7259240 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2018.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oligoseptatum sp. nov. was isolated from the invasive Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea validis (Coleoptera, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) and from the galleries that females had constructed in dying Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) symptomatic for Verticillium wilt in south-central Pennsylvania, USA. This ambrosia fungus was cultivated by Euwallacea validis as the primary source of nutrition together with a second symbiont, Raffaelea subfusca . Female beetles transport their fungal symbionts within and from their natal galleries in paired pre-oral mycangia. Fusarium oligoseptatum was distinguished phenotypically from the 11 other known members of the Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC) by uniquely producing mostly 1–2 septate clavate sporodochial conidia that were swollen apically. Phylogenetic analysis of multilocus DNA sequence data resolved F. oligoseptatum as a genealogically exclusive species-level lineage but evolutionary relationships with other members of the AFC were unresolved. Published studies have shown that F. oligoseptatum can be identified via phylogenetic analysis of multilocus DNA sequence data or a PCR multiplex assay employing species-specific oligonucleotide primers. In addition, to provide nomenclatural stability, an epitype was prepared from an authentic strain of F. ambrosium that was originally isolated from a gallery constructed in Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis ) by E. fornicatus in India, together with its lectotypification based on a published illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aoki
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - M T Kasson
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - M C Berger
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - S Freeman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - D M Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - K O'Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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Ni JC, Shi JT, Tan QW, Chen QJ. Phenylpropionamides, Piperidine, and Phenolic Derivatives from the Fruit of Ailanthus altissima. Molecules 2017; 22:E2107. [PMID: 29207525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four novel compounds—two phenylpropionamides, one piperidine, and one phenolic derivatives—were isolated and identified from the fruit of a medicinal plant, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), together with one known phenylpropionamide, 13 known phenols, and 10 flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2-hydroxy-N-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)phenyl]propionamide (1), 2-hydroxy-N-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)phenyl]propionamide (2), 2β-carboxyl-piperidine-4β-acetic acid methyl ester (4), and 4-hydroxyphenyl-1-O-[6-(hydrogen-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioate)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (5) based on spectroscopic analysis. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using the leaf-disc method. Among the compounds isolated, arbutin (6), β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-arbutin (7), 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (10), and corilagin (18) showed moderate inhibition against TMV with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.51, 0.27, and 0.45 mM, respectively.
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Wen XJ, Zhang GY, Ji YC, Wen JB. Effect of Variable Temperature on the Development of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environ Entomol 2017; 46:1151-1155. [PMID: 28981679 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors that influences the development and growth of insects. We investigated the effect of temperature on the development of the weevil Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold). The developmental zeros and effective accumulated temperatures for different developmental stages of E. brandti were estimated under variable temperatures in the laboratory. We observed that the developmental zeros of eggs, larvae, and pupae were 15.27 °C, 20.86 °C, and 14.04 °C, respectively, and the effective accumulated temperatures were 81.46 °C·d, 293.76 °C·d, and 127.76 °C·d, respectively. The rate of development increased as the temperature increased within a particular temperature range, and temperatures from 30 °C to 31 °C were particularly suitable for E. brandti rearing. Based on these results, we may be able to predict the occurrence of E. brandti, providing a reference for physical control measures targeting adults to effectively reduce oviposition and minimize population expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wen
- Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - G Y Zhang
- Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Y C Ji
- Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - J B Wen
- Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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Savi T, Casolo V, Luglio J, Bertuzzi S, Trifilo' P, Lo Gullo MA, Nardini A. Species-specific reversal of stem xylem embolism after a prolonged drought correlates to endpoint concentration of soluble sugars. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 106:198-207. [PMID: 27174138 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports on tree mortality associated with anomalous drought and heat have raised interest into processes underlying tree resistance/resilience to water stress. Hydraulic failure and carbon starvation have been proposed as main causes of tree decline, with recent theories treating water and carbon metabolism as interconnected processes. We subjected young plants of two native (Quercus pubescens [Qp] and Prunus mahaleb [Pm]) and two invasive (Robinia pseudoacacia [Rp] and Ailanthus altissima [Aa]) woody angiosperms to a prolonged drought leading to stomatal closure and xylem embolism, to induce carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. At the end of the treatment, plants were measured for embolism rates and NSC content, and re-irrigated to monitor recovery of xylem hydraulics. Data highlight different hydraulic strategies in native vs invasive species under water stress, and provide physiological explanations for species-specific impacts of recent severe droughts. Drought-sensitive species (Qp and Rp) suffered high embolism rates and were unable to completely refill xylem conduits upon restoration of water availability. Species that better survived recent droughts were able to limit embolism build-up (Pm) or efficiently restored hydraulic functionality after irrigation (Aa). Species-specific capacity to reverse xylem embolism correlated to stem-level concentration of soluble carbohydrates, but not to starch content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Savi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 91, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Luglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrizia Trifilo'
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria A Lo Gullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Kim HM, Lee JS, Sezirahiga J, Kwon J, Jeong M, Lee D, Choi JH, Jang DS. A New Canthinone-Type Alkaloid Isolated from Ailanthus altissima Swingle. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050642. [PMID: 27196883 PMCID: PMC6273678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation of the chemical constituents of the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima has resulted in the isolation of six canthinone-type alkaloids, including a new compound, (R)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-canthine-6-one (1), and five known compounds (2-6). Moreover, four phenyl propanoids (7-10), two lignans (11 and 12), two triterpenoids (13 and 14) and a fatty acid (15) having previously known chemical structures were isolated during the same course of this study. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by physical (m.p., [α]D) and spectroscopic data (¹H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-DART-MS) interpretation and its absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data and quantum chemical calculations. The inflammatory activities of the isolates were screened on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), a proinflammatory mediator, in RAW 264.7 cells. Among these isolated compounds, six compounds exhibited significant inhibition of NO production, with IC50 values in the range of 5.92 ± 0.9 to 15.09 ± 1.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Jin Su Lee
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | | | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea.
| | - Miran Jeong
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Meng P, Pei H, Hu W, Liu Z, Li X, Xu H. Allelopathic effects of Ailanthus altissima extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa growth, physiological changes and microcystins release. Chemosphere 2015; 141:219-226. [PMID: 26246191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of allelochemicals has been proved an environmentally friendly and promising method to control harmful algal blooms. This study was conducted to explore the application potential of Ailanthus altissima (A. altissima) extracts in Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) control for the first time. Four treatments with A. altissima extractions (25mgL(-1), 50mgL(-1), 100mgL(-1), and 200mgL(-1) respectively) and a control group were built to investigate the effects of A. altissima on the growth, cellular microstructure and cell viability, physiological changes, and release of extracellular matters. Results showed that the cell density of M. aeruginosa was effectively inhibited by A. altissima extract, and the inhibition rates were dose-dependent within 5d. Especially for the treatment with 200mgL(-1) of extract, the inhibitory rates remains above 90% after 5d exposure. In addition, A. altissima effectively decreased the amount of extracellular cyanotoxin microcystins and destroyed the photosynthesis-related structure of algae cell during the experimental period. The results demonstrated the A. altissima extracts can be used as an effective and safe algicide to control algal blooms. However, it must be noted that specific compounds responsible for algicidal effect should be isolated and identified to explore inhibition mechanism of A. altissima in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China; College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Jinan, China.
| | - Wenrong Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre on Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongde Liu
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Xiuqing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kim HM, Kim SJ, Kim HY, Ryu B, Kwak H, Hur J, Choi JH, Jang DS. Constituents of the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima and their potential to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1017-1020. [PMID: 25666824 DOI: 10.1002/chin.201527253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three new canthinone type alkaloids, canthin-6-one-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), canthin-6-one-1-O-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and canthin-6-one-1-O-[2-β-D-apiofuranosyl-6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima together with four quassinoids (4-7), seven phenylpropanoids (8-14) and a lignan of previously known structure (15). The inflammatory activities of the 15 isolates were screened on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), a proinflammatory mediator, in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokwang Kwak
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Hur
- Central Research Institute, Whan In Pharm Co., Ltd, Suwon 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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El Ayeb-Zakhama A, Ben Salem S, Sakka-Rouis L, Flamini G, Ben Jannet H, Harzallah-Skhiri F. Chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils obtained from Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle cultivated in Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1216-27. [PMID: 25146765 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima Mill. Swingle (Simaroubaceae), also known as tree of heaven, is used in the Chinese traditional medicine as a bitter aromatic drug for the treatment of colds and gastric diseases. In Tunisia, Ailanthus altissima is an exotic tree, which was introduced many years ago and used particularly as a street ornamental tree. Here, the essential oils of different plant parts of this tree, viz., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and samaras (ripe fruits), were obtained by hydrodistillation. In total, 69 compounds, representing 91.0-97.2% of the whole oil composition, were identified in these oils by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The root essential oil was clearly distinguishable for its high content in aldehydes (hexadecanal (1); 22.6%), while those obtained from flowers and leaves were dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (74.8 and 42.1%, resp.), with caryophyllene oxide (4) as the major component (42.5 and 22.7%, resp.). The samara oil was rich in the apocarotenoid derivative hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6; 58.0%), and the oil obtained from stems was characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.1%), mainly β-caryophyllene (18.9%). Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses separated the five essential oils into four groups, each characterized by the major oil constituents. Contact tests showed that the germination of lettuce seeds was totally inhibited by all the essential oils except of the samara oil at a dose of 1 mg/ml. The flower oil also showed a significant phytotoxic effect against lettuce germination at 0.04 and 0.4 mg/ml (-55.0 ± 3.5 and -85.0 ± 0.7%, resp.). Moreover, the root and shoot elongation was even more affected by the oils than germination. The inhibitory effect of the shoot and root elongation varied from -9.8 to -100% and from -38.6 to -100%, respectively. Total inhibition of the elongation (-100%) at 1 mg/ml was detected for all the oils, with the exception of the samara oil (-74.7 and -75.1% for roots and shoots, resp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Ayeb-Zakhama
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioressources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Rue Tahar Haddad, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia, (phone:+216-73-463711; 216-73-465404)
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Abstract
A new quassinoid, shinjulactone O (1), and seven known quassinoids, were isolated from the 50% ethanol extract of the root bark of Ailanthus altissima. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated on the tumour cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2 and A549 cells, as well as the normal HUVEC line in vitro. Compounds 1-8 exhibited different levels of inhibitory activity against tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Yang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
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Hu F, Mou PP, Weiner J, Li S. Contrasts between whole-plant and local nutrient levels determine root growth and death in Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae). Am J Bot 2014; 101:812-819. [PMID: 24812109 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY There is an ongoing debate about the importance of whole-plant control vs. local modular mechanisms for root growth. We conducted a split-root experiment with different patch/background levels of nitrogen to examine whether local root growth and death are controlled by local resource levels or at the whole-plant level.• METHODS Three microrhizotrons with 0, 10, and 100 µg N/g growth medium levels (74 g growth medium each) were attached to pots of high or low soil N in which one Ailanthus altissima individual was growing. One fine root was guided into each of the microrhizotrons and photographed every 4 d. Plants were harvested after 28 d; root growth and mortality in the microrhizotrons were recorded. Changes in root length, number of laterals, and interlateral length were determined from the photos and analyzed.• KEY RESULTS While overall plant growth was influenced by background N level, both patch and background N levels influenced root growth and mortality in patches. Local roots proliferated most when the patch N level was high and background level low, and they proliferated least and showed highest mortality when patch N was low and the background level high.• CONCLUSIONS The fate of roots growing in a patch is influenced by the resource environment of the plant's other roots as well as the resource levels in the patch itself. Thus, the growth and death of roots in patches is determined by both modular and whole-plant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Hu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Paul P Mou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Shuo Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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