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Zhou X, Wang M, Yang L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu L, Chai J, Liu H, Zhao G. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of Oat ( Avena sativa) Seedlings under Salt Stress Reveal Salt Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2238. [PMID: 39204673 PMCID: PMC11359270 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting crop production globally. Oat (Avena sativa) is an annual cereal with a strong salt tolerance, a high yield, and nutritional quality, although the mechanisms underlying its salt stress response remain largely unknown. We examined the physiological and transcriptomic responses of A. sativa seedlings to salt stress in tolerant cultivar Qingyongjiu 195 and sensitive cultivar 709. Under salt stress, Qingyongjiu 195 maintained a higher photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzymes activity, and leaf K+ accumulation but a lower Na+ uptake than 709. RNA-seq revealed 6616 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4265 up- and 2351 downregulated. These were enriched in pathways like plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling. We specifically highlight DEGs involved in photosynthesis (chlG, CP47 psbB, COX2, LHCB) and antioxidants (trxA, GroES). Qingyongjiu 195 also appeared to enhance K+ uptake via KAT1 and AKT2 and sequester Na+ in vacuoles via NHX2. Additionally, HKT restricted Na+ while promoting K+ transport to shoots, maintaining K+/Na+. The expression levels of CAX, ACA, CML, CaM, and CDPK in Qingyongjiu 195 were higher than those in 709. Oats regulated Ca2+ concentration through CAX and ACA after salt stress, decoded Ca2+ signals through CML, and then transferred Ca2+ signals to downstream receptors through the Ca2+ sensors CaM and CDPK, thereby activating K+/Na+ transporters, such as SOS1 and NHX, etc. Our results shed light on plant salt stress response mechanisms and provide transcriptomic resources for molecular breeding in improving salt tolerance in oats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zhou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Wenping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (Under Preparation), Huhhot 010000, China;
| | - Linbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Jikuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
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Mahmood MZ, Odeibat HA, Ahmad R, Gatasheh MK, Shahzad M, Abbasi AM. Low apoplastic Na + and intracellular ionic homeostasis confer salinity tolerance upon Ca 2SiO 4 chemigation in Zea mays L. under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1268750. [PMID: 38235192 PMCID: PMC10791904 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is known to have a greater impact on shoot growth than root growth. Na+ buildup in plant tissue under salt stress has been proposed as one of the main issues that causes growth inhibition in crops via ionic imbalances, osmotic stress and pH disturbances. However, the evidence for apoplastic Na+ buildup and the role of silicon in Na+ accumulation at the subcellular level is still enigmatic. The current study focuses on the accumulation of Na+ in the apoplast and symplast of younger and older leaves of two maize varieties (Iqbal as salt-tolerant and Jalal as salt-sensitive) using hydroponic culture along with silicon supplementation under short-term salinity stress. Subcellular ion analysis indicated that silicon nutrition decreased Na+ concentration in both apoplastic washing fluid and symplastic fluid of maize under salt stress. The addition of silicon under NaCl treatment resulted in considerable improvement in fresh biomass, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and concentration of important subcellular ions (i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+). Knowledge of subcellular ion analysis is essential for solving the mechanisms underlying vital cellular functions e.g. in the current study, the soluble Na+ concentration in the apoplast of older leaves was found to be significantly greater (36.1 mM) in the salt-sensitive variety under NaCl treatment, which was 42.4% higher when compared to the Na+ concentration in the salt-tolerant variety under the same treatment which can influence permeability of cell membrane, signal transduction pathways and provides insights into how ion compartmentalization can contributes to salt tolerance. Calcium silicate enrichment can contribute to increased growth and improved ionic homeostasis by minimizing leaf electrolyte leakage, improving mechanical functions of cell wall and reducing water loss, and improved photosynthetic function. In current investigation, increased water content and intracellular ionic homeostasis along with reduced concentration of Na+ in the maize leaf apoplast suggest that calcium silicate can be used to ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress and obtain yield using marginal saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniba Zahid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamza Ahmad Odeibat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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