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Gnanagurusamy J, Krishnamoorthy S, Muthusami S. Transforming growth factor-β micro-environment mediated immune cell functions in cervical cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112837. [PMID: 39111147 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Propensity to develop cervical cancer (CC) in human papilloma virus (HPV) infected individual could potentially involve the impaired immune functioning. Several stages of HPV surveillance by immune cells in tumor micro-environment (TME) is regulated mainly by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and is crucial for the establishment of CC. The role of TGF-β in the initiation and progression of CC is very complex and involve different suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) dependent and SMAD independent signaling mechanism(s). This review summarizes the handling of HPV by immune cells such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), dendritic cells (DC), monocytes, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and their regulation by TGF-β. The hijack mechanisms adapted by HPV to evade this surveillance process is discussed. Biomarkers indicating the stages of CC and immune checkpoints that can be targeted for improved outcome are included for immune-based theragnostics. This review also addresses the direct actions of TGF-β on CC cells and tumor/immune cell interactions. Therapies focused on targeting TGF-β using small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and TGF-β chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T cells are collated to understand the current strategies related to TGF-β in the management of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapradha Gnanagurusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Muthusami
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Cancer Research, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Leland P, Degheidy H, Lea A, Bauer SR, Puri RK, Joshi BH. Identification and characterisation of novel CAR-T cells to target IL13Rα2 positive human glioma in vitro and in vivo. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1664. [PMID: 38685487 PMCID: PMC11058282 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we discovered that human solid tumours, but not normal human tissues, preferentially overexpress interleukin-13Receptor alpha2, a high binding receptor for IL-13. To develop novel anti-cancer approaches, we constructed a chimeric antigen receptor construct using a high binding and codon optimised scFv-IL-13Rα2 fragment fused with CD3ζ and co-stimulatory cytoplasmic domains of CD28 and 4-1BB. METHODS We developed a scFv clone, designated 14-1, by biopanning the bound scFv phages using huIL-13Rα2Fc chimeric protein and compared its binding with our previously published clone 4-1. We performed bioinformatic analyses for complementary determining regions (CDR) framework and residue analyses of the light and heavy chains. This construct was packaged with helper plasmids to produce CAR-lentivirus and transduced human Jurkat T or activated T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to produce CAR-T cells and tested for their quality attributes in vitro and in vivo. Serum enzymes including body weight from non-tumour bearing mice were tested for assessing general toxicity of CAR-T cells. RESULTS The binding of 14-1 clone is to IL-13Rα2Fc-chimeric protein is ∼5 times higher than our previous clone 4-1. The 14-1-CAR-T cells grew exponentially in the presence of cytokines and maintained phenotype and biological attributes such as cell viability, potency, migration and T cell activation. Clone 14-1 migrated to IL-13Rα2Fc and cell free supernatants only from IL-13Rα2+ve confluent glioma tumour cells in a chemotaxis assay. scFv-IL-13Rα2-CAR-T cells specifically killed IL-13Rα2+ve but not IL-13Rα2-ve tumour cells in vitro and selectively caused significant release of IFN-γ only from IL-13Rα2+ve co-cultures. These CAR-T cells regressed IL-13Rα2+ve glioma xenografts in vivo without any general toxicity. In contrast, the IL-13Rα2 gene knocked-down U251 and U87 xenografts failed to respond to the CAR-T therapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, we conclude that the novel scFv-IL-13Rα2 CAR-T cell therapy may offer an effective therapeutic option after designing a careful pre-clinical and clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Leland
- Tumor Vaccine and Biotechnology BranchDivision of Cell Therapy IISilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Heba Degheidy
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Cellular Therapy & Human Tissues, Office of Therapeutic ProductsCenter for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug Administration, White OakSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Ashley Lea
- Tumor Vaccine and Biotechnology BranchDivision of Cell Therapy IISilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Steven R. Bauer
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Cellular Therapy & Human Tissues, Office of Therapeutic ProductsCenter for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug Administration, White OakSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Raj K. Puri
- Tumor Vaccine and Biotechnology BranchDivision of Cell Therapy IISilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc.FrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Bharat H. Joshi
- Tumor Vaccine and Biotechnology BranchDivision of Cell Therapy IISilver SpringMarylandUSA
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Xu Y, Lai H, Pan S, Pan L, Liu T, Yang Z, Chen T, Zhu X. Selenium promotes immunogenic radiotherapy against cervical cancer metastasis through evoking P53 activation. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122452. [PMID: 38154440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is still the recommended treatment for cervical cancer. However, radioresistance and radiation-induced side effects remain one of the biggest clinical problems. Selenium (Se) has been confirmed to exhibit radiation-enhancing effects for cancer treatment. However, Se species dominate the biological activities and which form of Se possesses better radiosensitizing properties and radiation safety remains elusive. Here, different Se species (the valence state of Se ranged from - 2, 0, +4 to + 6) synergy screen was carried out to identify the potential radiosensitizing effects and radiation safety of Se against cervical cancer. We found that the therapeutic effects varied with the changes in the Se valence state. Sodium selenite (+4) displayed strong cancer-killing effects but also possessed severe cytotoxicity. Sodium selenate (+6) neither enhanced the killing effects of X-ray nor possessed anticancer activity by its alone treatment. Although nano-selenium (0), especially Let-SeNPs, has better radiosensitizing activity, the - 2 organic Se, such as selenadiazole derivative SeD (-2) exhibited more potent anticancer effects and possessed a higher safe index. Overall, the selected Se drugs were able to synergize with X-ray to inhibit cell growth, clone formation, and cell migration by triggering G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis, and SeD (-2) was found to exhibit more potent enhancing capacity. Further mechanism studies showed that SeD mediated p53 pathway activation by inducing DNA damage through promoting ROS production. Additionally, SeD combined with X-ray therapy can induce an anti-tumor immune response in vivo. More importantly, SeD combined with X-ray significantly inhibited the liver metastasis of tumor cells and alleviated the side effects caused by radiation therapy in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates the radiosensitization and radiation safety effects of different Se species, which may shed light on the application of such Se-containing drugs serving as side effects-reducing agents for cervical cancer radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, China
| | - Haoqiang Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liuliu Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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Hanbashi A, Alotaibi M, Sobeai HMA, Binobaid L, Alhazzani K, Jin X, Kamli F, Alhoshani A, Parrington J. Loss of two-pore channel 2 function in melanoma-derived tumours reduces tumour growth in vivo but greatly increases tumour-related toxicity in the organism. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:325. [PMID: 38104117 PMCID: PMC10725603 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, a severe form of skin cancer, poses significant health risks due to its aggressive nature and potential for metastasis. The role of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) in the development and progression of melanoma remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of TPC2 knockout (KO) on melanoma-derived tumors, focusing on tumour growth and related toxicity in the organism. METHODS The study utilized CHL-1 and B16 melanoma cell lines with TPC2 KO to assess the changes in proliferation dynamics. Methods included real-time monitoring of cell proliferation using the xCELLigence system, in vivo tumour growth assays in mice, histopathological analyses, inflammation marker assessment, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for gene expression analysis RESULTS: TPC2 KO was found to significantly alter the proliferation dynamics of CHL-1 and B16 melanoma cells. The in vivo studies demonstrated reduced tumor growth in TPC2 KO cell-derived tumors. However, a notable increase in tumor-related toxicity in affected organs, such as the liver and spleen, was observed, indicating a complex role of TPC2 in melanoma pathology. CONCLUSIONS The loss of TPC2 function in melanoma cells leads to reduced tumour growth but exacerbates tumour-related toxicity in the organism. These findings highlight the dual role of TPC2 in melanoma progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to explore TPC2 as a treatment target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Binobaid
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuhui Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Faroq Kamli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Irianto T, Gaipl US, Rückert M. Immune modulation during anti-cancer radio(immuno)therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 382:239-277. [PMID: 38225105 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer can affect all human organs and tissues and ranks as a prominent cause of death as well as an obstruction to increasing life expectancy. A notable breakthrough in oncology has been the inclusion of the immune system in fighting cancer, potentially prolonging life and providing long-term benefits. The concept of "immunotherapy" has been discussed from the 19th and early 20th centuries by Wilhelm Busch, William B. Coley and Paul Ehrlich. This involves distinct approaches, including vaccines, non-specific cytokines and adoptive cell therapies. However, despite the advances made in recent years, questions on how to select the best therapeutic options or how to select the best combinations to improve clinical outcomes are still relevant for scientists and clinicians. More than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy (RT) as part of their treatment. With the advances in RT and immunotherapy approaches, it is reasonable to consider how to enhance immunotherapy with radiation and vice versa, and to investigate whether combinations of these therapies would be beneficial. In this chapter, we will discuss how the immune system responds to cancer cells and different cancer therapies with a focus on combination of RT and immunotherapy (radioimmunotherapy, RIT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Irianto
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Zhan L, Li J, Jiang X, Yin L. Insights into N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of noncoding RNA in tumor microenvironment. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3857-3889. [PMID: 37178254 PMCID: PMC10449301 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes, and it participates in the regulation of pathophysiological processes in various diseases, including malignant tumors, by regulating the expression and function of both coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). More and more studies demonstrated that m6A modification regulates the production, stability, and degradation of ncRNAs and that ncRNAs also regulate the expression of m6A-related proteins. Tumor microenvironment (TME) refers to the internal and external environment of tumor cells, which is composed of numerous tumor stromal cells, immune cells, immune factors, and inflammatory factors that are closely related to tumors occurrence and development. Recent studies have suggested that crosstalk between m6A modifications and ncRNAs plays an important role in the biological regulation of TME. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the effects of m6A modification-associated ncRNAs on TME from various perspectives, including tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and immune escape. Herein, we showed that m6A-related ncRNAs can not only be expected to become detection markers of tumor tissue samples, but can also be wrapped into exosomes and secreted into body fluids, thus exhibiting potential as markers for liquid biopsy. This review provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between m6A-related ncRNAs and TME, which is of great significance to the development of a new strategy for precise tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanJun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, China
| | - Lijuan Zhan
- College of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Yulin Normal University, Guangxi, Yulin 537000, China
- Bioengineering and Technology Center for Native Medicinal Resources Development, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
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Wang S, Zhao X, Wu S, Cui D, Xu Z. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 36978204 PMCID: PMC10049909 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) supports the development of tumors and limits tumor immunotherapy, including hematological malignancies. Hematological malignancies remain a major public health issue with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. As an important component of immunosuppressive regulators, the phenotypic characteristics and prognostic value of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have received much attention. A variety of MDSC-targeting therapeutic approaches have produced encouraging outcomes. However, the use of various MDSC-targeted treatment strategies in hematologic malignancies is still difficult due to the heterogeneity of hematologic malignancies and the complexity of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of MDSCs and further provide a summary of the phenotypes and suppressive mechanisms of MDSC populations expanded in various types of hematological malignancy contexts. Moreover, we discussed the clinical correlation between MDSCs and the diagnosis of malignant hematological disease, as well as the drugs targeting MDSCs, and focused on summarizing the therapeutic strategies in combination with other immunotherapies, such as various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), that are under active investigation. We highlight the new direction of targeting MDSCs to improve the therapeutic efficacy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifen Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyun Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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8
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Wang D, Han Y, Peng L, Huang T, He X, Wang J, Ou C. Crosstalk between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and noncoding RNA in tumor microenvironment. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2198-2219. [PMID: 37151887 PMCID: PMC10158024 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes, and it participates in the regulation of pathophysiological processes in various diseases, including malignant tumors, by regulating the expression and function of both coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). More and more studies demonstrated that m6A modification regulates the production, stability, and degradation of ncRNAs and that ncRNAs also regulate the expression of m6A-related proteins. Tumor microenvironment (TME) refers to the internal and external environment of tumor cells, which is composed of numerous tumor stromal cells, immune cells, immune factors, and inflammatory factors that are closely related to tumors occurrence and development. Recent studies have suggested that crosstalk between m6A modifications and ncRNAs plays an important role in the biological regulation of TME. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the effects of m6A modification-associated ncRNAs on TME from various perspectives, including tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and immune escape. Herein, we showed that m6A-related ncRNAs can not only be expected to become detection markers of tumor tissue samples, but can also be wrapped into exosomes and secreted into body fluids, thus exhibiting potential as markers for liquid biopsy. This review provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between m6A-related ncRNAs and TME, which is of great significance to the development of a new strategy for precise tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lushan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chunlin Ou. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; Junpu Wang. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; Xiaoyun He. Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chunlin Ou. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; Junpu Wang. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; Xiaoyun He. Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chunlin Ou. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; Junpu Wang. Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China. ; Xiaoyun He. Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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9
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Niavarani SR, St-Cyr G, Daniel L, Lawson C, Giguère H, Alkayyal AA, Tai LH. Heterologous prime-boost cellular vaccination induces potent antitumor immunity against triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098344. [PMID: 36860852 PMCID: PMC9968850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and hard-to-treat subtype of breast cancer, affecting 10-20% of all women diagnosed with breast cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy and hormone/Her2 targeted therapies are the cornerstones of treatment for breast cancer, but women with TNBC do not benefit from these treatments. Although the prognosis is dismal, immunotherapies hold significant promise in TNBC, even in wide spread disease because TNBC is infiltrated with more immune cells. This preclinical study is proposing to optimize an oncolytic virus-infected cell vaccine (ICV) based on a prime-boost vaccination strategy to address this unmet clinical need. Methods We used various classes of immunomodulators to improve the immunogenicity of whole tumor cells in the prime vaccine, followed by their infection with oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSVd51) to deliver the boost vaccine. For in vivo studies, we compared the efficacy of a homologous prime-boost vaccination regimen to a heterologous strategy by treating 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice and further by conducting re-challenge studies to evaluate immune memory responses in surviving mice. Due to the aggressive nature of 4T1 tumor spread (akin to stage IV TNBC in human patients), we also compared early surgical resection of primary tumors versus later surgical resection combined with vaccination. Results In vitro results demonstrated that immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were released at the highest levels following treatment of mouse 4T1 TNBC cells with oxaliplatin chemotherapy and influenza vaccine. These ICD inducers also contributed towards higher dendritic cell recruitment and activation. With the top ICD inducers at hand, we observed that treatment of TNBC-bearing mice with the influenza virus-modified prime vaccine followed by VSVd51 infected boost vaccine resulted in the best survival. Furthermore, higher frequencies of both effector and central memory T cells along with a complete absence of recurrent tumors were observed in re-challenged mice. Importantly, early surgical resection combined with prime-boost vaccination led to improved overall survival in mice. Conclusion Taken together, this novel cancer vaccination strategy following early surgical resection could be a promising therapeutic avenue for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume St-Cyr
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauren Daniel
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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10
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Yong T, Wei Z, Gan L, Yang X. Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Antitumor Therapies through Modulating the Cancer-Immunity Cycle. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201054. [PMID: 35726204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy harnessing activity of the immune system against tumors has made great progress, the treatment efficacy remains limited in most cancers. Current anticancer immunotherapy is primarily based on T-cell-mediated cellular immunity, which highly relies on efficiency of triggering the cancer-immunity cycle, namely, tumor antigen release, antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells, T cell activation, recruitment and infiltration of T cells into tumors, and recognition and killing of tumor cells by T cells. Unfortunately, these immunotherapies are restricted by inefficient drug delivery and acting on only a single step of the cancer-immunity cycle. Due to high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, intrinsic cell targeting, and easy chemical and genetic manipulation, extracellular vesicle (EV)-based drug delivery systems are widely used to amplify anticancer immune responses by serving as an integrated platform for multiple drugs or therapeutic strategies to synergistically activate several steps of cancer-immunity cycle. This review summarizes various mechanisms related to affecting cancer-immunity cycle disorders. Meanwhile, preparation and application of EV-based drug delivery systems in modulating cancer-immunity cycle are introduced, especially in the improvement of T cell recruitment and infiltration into tumors. Finally, opportunities and challenges of EV-based drug delivery systems in translational clinical applications are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuying Yong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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11
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Leukes VN, Malherbe ST, Hiemstra A, Kotze LA, Roos K, Keyser A, De Swardt D, Gutschmidt A, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Sildenafil, a Type-5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Fails to Reverse Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Mediated T Cell Suppression in Cells Isolated From Tuberculosis Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883886. [PMID: 35935981 PMCID: PMC9353143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful TB treatment is hampered by increasing resistance to the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin, thus innovative therapies focused on host processes, termed host-directed therapies (HDTs), are promising novel approaches for increasing treatment efficacy without inducing drug resistance. We assessed the ability of Sildenafil, a type-5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, as a repurposed compound, to serve as HDT target, by counteracting the suppressive effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) obtained from active TB cases on T-cell responsiveness. We confirm that MDSC suppress non-specific T-cell activation. We also show that Sildenafil treatment fails to reverse the MDSC-mediated suppression of T-cell functions measured here, namely activation and proliferation. The impact of Sildenafil treatment on improved immunity, using the concentration tested here, is likely to be minimal, but further identification and development of MDSC-targeting TB host-directed therapies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzeigh N. Leukes
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andriette Hiemstra
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh A. Kotze
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly Roos
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alana Keyser
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dalene De Swardt
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea Gutschmidt
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Nelita du Plessis,
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12
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Yu S, Ren X, Li L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hematologic malignancies: two sides of the same coin. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:43. [PMID: 35854339 PMCID: PMC9295421 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow cells originating from immature myeloid cells. They exert potent immunosuppressive activity and are closely associated with the development of various diseases such as malignancies, infections, and inflammation. In malignant tumors, MDSCs, one of the most dominant cellular components comprising the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in tumor growth, drug resistance, recurrence, and immune escape. Although the role of MDSCs in solid tumors is currently being extensively studied, little is known about their role in hematologic malignancies. In this review, we comprehensively summarized and reviewed the different roles of MDSCs in hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and finally discussed current targeted therapeutic strategies.Affiliation: Kindly check and confirm the processed affiliations are correct. Amend if any.correct
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping district 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping district 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping district 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Cioccarelli C, Molon B. MDSCs and T cells in solid tumors and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an immunosuppressive speech. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:147-157. [PMID: 35348617 PMCID: PMC9188344 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of cells expanded during multiple pathological settings, including cancers. In tumors, MDSCs are dominant drivers of T-cell immunosuppression. To accomplish their job, they exploit multiple mechanisms ultimately leading to the paralysis of anti-tumor immunity. Among the variety of MDSC-ways of working within the tumor microenvironment, the generation of reactive species and the metabolic reprogramming have emerged as pivotal determinants of their immunosuppressive power. In this review we will overview integral mechanisms of MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, with a particular focus on Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cioccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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14
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Sidiropoulos DN, Rafie CI, Jang JK, Castanon S, Baugh AG, Gonzalez E, Christmas BJ, Narumi VH, Davis-Marcisak EF, Sharma G, Bigelow E, Vaghasia A, Gupta A, Skaist A, Considine M, Wheelan SJ, Ganesan SK, Yu M, Yegnasubramanian S, Stearns V, Connolly RM, Gaykalova DA, Kagohara LT, Jaffee EM, Fertig EJ, Roussos Torres ET. Entinostat Decreases Immune Suppression to Promote Antitumor Responses in a HER2+ Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:656-669. [PMID: 35201318 PMCID: PMC9064912 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic combinations to alter immunosuppressive, solid tumor microenvironments (TME), such as in breast cancer, are essential to improve responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Entinostat, an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to improve responses to ICIs in various tumor models with immunosuppressive TMEs. The precise and comprehensive alterations to the TME induced by entinostat remain unknown. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing on HER2-overexpressing breast tumors from mice treated with entinostat and ICIs to fully characterize changes across multiple cell types within the TME. This analysis demonstrates that treatment with entinostat induced a shift from a protumor to an antitumor TME signature, characterized predominantly by changes in myeloid cells. We confirmed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) within entinostat-treated tumors associated with a less suppressive granulocytic (G)-MDSC phenotype and exhibited altered suppressive signaling that involved the NFκB and STAT3 pathways. In addition to MDSCs, tumor-associated macrophages were epigenetically reprogrammed from a protumor M2-like phenotype toward an antitumor M1-like phenotype, which may be contributing to a more sensitized TME. Overall, our in-depth analysis suggests that entinostat-induced changes on multiple myeloid cell types reduce immunosuppression and increase antitumor responses, which, in turn, improve sensitivity to ICIs. Sensitization of the TME by entinostat could ultimately broaden the population of patients with breast cancer who could benefit from ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios N Sidiropoulos
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Julie K Jang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sofi Castanon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron G Baugh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edgar Gonzalez
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian J Christmas
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Valerie H Narumi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily F Davis-Marcisak
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emma Bigelow
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ajay Vaghasia
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anuj Gupta
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alyza Skaist
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Considine
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Wheelan
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sathish Kumar Ganesan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vered Stearns
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roisin M Connolly
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Cancer Research at UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luciane T Kagohara
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Evanthia T Roussos Torres
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Rangsitratkul C, Lawson C, Bernier-Godon F, Niavarani SR, Boudaud M, Rouleau S, Gladu-Corbin AO, Surendran A, Ekindi-Ndongo N, Koti M, Ilkow CS, Richard PO, Tai LH. Intravesical immunotherapy with a GM-CSF armed oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus improves outcome in bladder cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:507-521. [PMID: 35229029 PMCID: PMC8851153 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer cases will progress to muscle invasive disease. Transurethral resection followed by Bacillus Calmette Guerin immunotherapy can reduce this risk, while cystectomy prior to muscle invasion provides the best option for survival. Currently, there are no effective treatments for Bacillus Calmette Guerin refractory disease. A novel oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus containing the human GM-CSF transgene (VSVd51-hGM-CSF) was rescued and tested as a potential bladder-sparing therapy for aggressive bladder cancer. The existing variant expressing mouse GM-CSF was also used. Measurement of gene expression and protein level alterations of canonical immunogenic cell death associated events on mouse and human bladder cancer cell lines and spheroids showed enhanced release of danger signals and immunogenic factors following infection with VSVd51-m/hGM-CSF. Intravesical instillation of VSVd51-mGM-CSF into MB49 bladder cancer bearing C57Bl/6 mice demonstrated enhanced activation of peripheral and bladder infiltrating effector immune cells, along with improved survival and reduced tumor volume. Importantly, virus-mediated anti-tumor immunity was recapitulated in bladder cancer patient-derived organoids. These results suggest that VSVd51-hGM-CSF is a promising viro/immunotherapy that could benefit bladder cancer patients.
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16
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Xia J, Ma S, Zhu X, Chen C, Zhang R, Cao Z, Chen X, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Li S, Gu G, Wei X, Yu K, Wang J. Versatile ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes inhibit tumor metastasis by capturing circulating tumor cells and destroying metastatic niches. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj1262. [PMID: 35148178 PMCID: PMC8836824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited circulating tumor cells (CTCs) capturing efficiency and lack of regulation capability on CTC-supportive metastatic niches (MNs) are two main obstacles hampering the clinical translation of conventional liposomes for the treatment of metastatic breast cancers. Traditional delivery strategies, such as ligand modification and immune modulator co-encapsulation for nanocarriers, are inefficient and laborious. Here, a multifunctional Rg3 liposome loading with docetaxel (Rg3-Lp/DTX) was developed, in which Rg3 was proved to intersperse in the phospholipid bilayer and exposed its glycosyl on the liposome surface. Therefore, it exhibited much higher CTC-capturing efficiency via interaction with glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) overexpressed on CTCs. After reaching the lungs with CTCs, Rg3 inhibited the formation of MNs by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Together, Rg3-Lp/DTX exhibited excellent metastasis inhibition capacity by CTC ("seeds") neutralization and MN ("soil") inhibition. The strategy has great clinical translation prospects for antimetastasis treatment with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and simple preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guolong Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Murad LD, Silva TDQ, Schilithz AOC, Fernandes PV, Monteiro M, Murad LB, Fialho E. Low body mass index is associated with reduced intratumoral CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Nutr Res 2022; 102:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Murphy S, Lu X. Cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulate MDSCs through cytokine networks. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 375:1-31. [PMID: 36967150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. However, the majority of cancer patients display de novo or acquired resistance to immunotherapy. One of the main mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance is the immunosuppressive microenvironment dominated by the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Emerging evidence demonstrates that genetic or epigenetic aberrations in cancer cells shape the accumulation and activation of MDSCs. Understanding this genotype-immunophenotype relationship is critical to the rational design of combination immunotherapy. Here, we review the mechanisms of how molecular changes in cancer cells induce recruitment and reprogram the function of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, particularly MDSCs. Tumor-infiltrating MDSCs elicit various pro-tumor functions to promote tumor cell fitness, immune evasion, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and metastasis. Through understanding the genotype-immunophenotype relationship between neoplastic cells and MDSCs, new approaches can be developed to tailor current immunotherapy strategies to improve cancer patient outcomes.
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19
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Sun X, Xue Z, Yasin A, He Y, Chai Y, Li J, Zhang K. Colorectal Cancer and Adjacent Normal Mucosa Differ in Apoptotic and Inflammatory Protein Expression. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Li Y, Qiao K, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu Y, Sun T. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells to attenuate vasculogenic mimicry and synergistically enhance the anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor. iScience 2021; 24:103392. [PMID: 34841231 PMCID: PMC8605339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells to stimulate angiogenesis. However, many aggressive malignant tumors do not have endothelial cell-dependent blood vessels in the early stage and instead generate microcirculation by forming vasculogenic mimicry (VM). To date, the relationship between MDSCs and tumor cells remains the focus of ongoing studies. In this work, MDSCs were co-cultured with mouse melanoma cells and can enhance proliferation and VM formation of melanoma cells. For MDSCs targeting, doxycycline (DOX) was found to selectively suppress PMN-MDSCs but has no influence on T cells. In addition, DOX pretreatment substantially reduced the promoting ability of MDSCs for the VM formation of B16-F10 cells. DOX also inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor activity of PD-1 inhibitors in C57BL6 and BALB/c mice subcutaneously inoculated with B16-F10 and 4T1 cells, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of DOX and PD-1 inhibitor could be an anticancer strategy. MDSCs accumulated in the B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice MDSCs promote the formation of vasculogenic mimicry Doxycycline selectively suppressed PMN-MDSCs Doxycycline combined with PD-1 inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Kailiang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China
- Corresponding author
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21
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Sheida F, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in lung cancer and targeted immunotherapies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 22:65-81. [PMID: 34821533 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2011224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in both sexes combined globally due to significant delays in diagnosis and poor survival. Despite advances in the treatment of lung cancer, the overall outcomes remain poor and traditional chemotherapy fails to provide long-term benefits for many patients. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed to increase overall survival. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immunosuppressive cells taking part in lung cancer, as has been described in other types of tumors. MDSCs immunosuppressive activity is mediated by arginases (ARG-1 and ARG-2), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite, PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and different cytokines. MDSCs can be a target for lung cancer immunotherapy by inducing their differentiation into mature myeloid cells, elimination, attenuation of their function, and inhibition of their accumulation. AREAS COVERED In this review, the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, their role in lung cancer, and strategies to target them, which could result in increased efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer, are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Identification of important mechanisms and upstream pathways involved in MDSCs functions paves the way for further preclinical and clinical lung cancer research, which could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Sheida
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Roussos Torres ET, Rafie C, Wang C, Lim D, Brufsky A, LoRusso P, Eder JP, Chung V, Downs M, Geare M, Piekarz R, Streicher H, Anforth L, Rudek MA, Zhu Q, Besharati S, Cimino-Mathews A, Anders RA, Stearns V, Jaffee EM, Connolly RM. Phase I Study of Entinostat and Nivolumab with or without Ipilimumab in Advanced Solid Tumors (ETCTN-9844). Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5828-5837. [PMID: 34135021 PMCID: PMC8563383 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic modulators improve immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy and increase CD8+ effector:FoxP3+ regulatory T cell ratios in preclinical models. We conducted a multicenter phase I clinical trial combining the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat with nivolumab ± ipilimumab in advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received an entinostat run-in (5 mg, weekly × 2) prior to the addition of ICIs. Dose escalation followed a modified 3+3 design [dose level (DL)1/2: entinostat + nivolumab; DL 3/4: entinostat + nivolumab + ipilimumab]. Blood and tissue samples were collected at baseline, after entinostat run-in, and after 8 weeks of combination therapy. Primary endpoints included safety and tolerability, and the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary endpoints included antitumor activity and change in tumor CD8/FoxP3 ratio pre- and post-therapy. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were treated across four dose levels. Treatment-related adverse events (AE) included fatigue (65%), nausea (41%), anemia (38%), diarrhea (26%), and anorexia (26%). Grade 3/4 AEs included fatigue (n = 7, 21%), anemia (n = 9, 27%), and neutropenia (n = 4, 12%). The RP2D was 3 mg entinostat weekly, 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks nivolumab, and 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks ipilimumab (max four doses). The objective response rate by RECIST 1.1 was 16%, including a complete response in triple-negative breast cancer. A statistically significant increase in CD8/FoxP3 ratio was seen following the addition of ICIs to entinostat, but not post-entinostat alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of entinostat with nivolumab ± ipilimumab was safe and tolerable with expected rates of immune-related AEs. Preliminary evidence of both clinical efficacy and immune modulation supports further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia T Roussos Torres
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine Rafie
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Lim
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Melinda Downs
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Molly Geare
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard Streicher
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie Anforth
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sepideh Besharati
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley Cimino-Mathews
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Anders
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vered Stearns
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roisin M Connolly
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Cancer Research @ UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland
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23
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Guo H, Zhou L, Guo J, Huang X, Gu J. Endostatin inhibits the proliferation and migration of B16 cells by inducing macrophage polarity to M1‑type. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:841. [PMID: 34633057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a common skin tumor that easily metastasizes and has a poor prognosis. Endostatin is an endogenous vascular endothelial inhibitor that mainly suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and by reducing the formation of tumor microvessels, however the immunological function of endostatin remains unclear. Previously, we have found that an over‑expression endostatin (pEndostatin) plasmid induced RAW264.7 cells' polarity to M1‑type macrophage. To elucidate the effect of M1‑type macrophages induced by endostatin on melanoma B16 cells, the present study transfected RAW264.7 cells with pEndostatin plasmid and co‑cultured them with B16 cells. Compared with the control group, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2, MMP‑9 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in B16 cells was inhibited by M1‑type macrophages, but cleaved Caspase‑3 and cleaved Caspase‑8 were significantly upregulated and the ratio of Bax/Bcl‑2 was increased. These results indicated that M1 macrophages induced by pEndostatin plasmid inhibited the proliferation and migration of B16 cells and promoted their apoptosis. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of endostatin on melanoma is not limited to directly inhibiting tumor microvessel formation, but it may also be related to regulating changes in macrophage polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Ningbo University School of Medical, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Longyuan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Pathology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Ningbo University School of Medical, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shangdong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Li Y, He H, Jihu R, Zhou J, Zeng R, Yan H. Novel Characterization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698532. [PMID: 34527668 PMCID: PMC8435631 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells generated in various pathologic conditions, which have been known to be key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) involving in tumor immune tolerance. So MDSCs have been extensively researched recently. As its name suggests, immunosuppression is the widely accepted function of MDSCs. Aside from suppressing antitumor immune responses, MDSCs in the TME also stimulate tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, thereby promoting tumor growth and development. Therefore, altering the recruitment, expansion, activation, and immunosuppression of MDSCs could partially restore antitumor immunity. So, this view focused on the favorable TME conditions that promote the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs and contribute to targeted therapies with increased precision for MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongdan He
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ribu Jihu
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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25
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DeNardo DG, Galkin A, Dupont J, Zhou L, Bendell J. GB1275, a first-in-class CD11b modulator: rationale for immunotherapeutic combinations in solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003005. [PMID: 34452928 PMCID: PMC8404448 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and other anticancer therapies is often associated with the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, targeting MDSC recruitment or function is of significant interest as a strategy to treat patients with ICI-resistant cancer. The migration and recruitment of MDSCs to the TME is mediated in part by the CD11b/CD18 integrin heterodimer (Mac-1; αMβ2), expressed on both MDSCs and TAMs. However, inhibition or blockade of CD11b/CD18 has had limited success in clinical trials to date, likely since saturation of CD11b requires doses that are not clinically tolerable with the agents tested so far. Interestingly, activation of CD11b with leukadherin-1 was found to reduce macrophage and neutrophil migration in animal models of inflammatory conditions. Preclinical studies with GB1275, a salt form of leukadherin-1, demonstrated that activation of CD11b improves the antitumor immune response and enhances the response to immunotherapy in mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Based on the promising results from preclinical studies, a phase 1/2 clinical study (NCT04060342) of GB1275 in patients with advanced solid tumor types known to be resistant or less likely responsive to immuno-oncology therapies, including pancreatic, breast, prostate, and microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, is ongoing. In this review, we examine targeting MDSCs as a therapeutic approach in cancer therapy, with a special focus on GB1275 preclinical studies laying the rationale for the phase 1/2 clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, ICCE Institute, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Lei Zhou
- Gossamer Bio, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Goode EF, Roussos Torres ET, Irshad S. Lymph Node Immune Profiles as Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:674558. [PMID: 34141724 PMCID: PMC8205515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.674558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for predictive biomarkers that can accurately predict patients who will respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies remains a clinically unmet need. The majority of research efforts have focused on expression of immune-related markers on the tumour and its associated tumour microenvironment (TME). However, immune response to tumour neoantigens starts at the regional lymph nodes, where antigen presentation takes place and is regulated by multiple cell types and mechanisms. Knowledge of the immunological responses in bystander lymphoid organs following ICI therapies and their association with changes in the TME, could prove to be a valuable component in understanding the treatment response to these agents. Here, we review the emerging data on assessment of immunological responses within regional lymph nodes as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Goode
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Clinical Fellow, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evanthia T. Roussos Torres
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Clinician Scientist, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Amin S, Baine M, Meza J, Lin C. The impact of neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy on the survival of pancreatic cancer patients: a retrospective analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:538. [PMID: 32517661 PMCID: PMC7285784 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has become an essential part of cancer treatment after showing great efficacy in various malignancies. However, its effectiveness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), especially in resectable pancreatic cancer, has not been studied. The primary objective of this study is to compare the OS impact of immunotherapy between PDAC patients who receive neoadjuvant immunotherapy and patients who receive adjuvant immunotherapy. The secondary objective is to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy and chemoradiation by performing subset analyses of these two groups. Methods Patients diagnosed with PDAC between 2004 and 2016 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to examine the effect of neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy and chemoradiation on the OS of the patients. The multivariable analysis was adjusted for essential factors such as the age at diagnosis, sex, race, education, income, place of living insurance status, hospital type, comorbidity score, and year of diagnosis. Results Overall, 526 patients received immunotherapy. Among whom, 408/526 (77.57%) received neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and the remaining 118/526 (22.43%) received adjuvant immunotherapy. There was no significant difference in OS between neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy (HR: 1.06, CI: 0.79–1.41; p < 0.714) in the multivariable analysis. In the univariate neoadjuvant treatment subset analysis, immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS compared to no immunotherapy (HR: 0.88, CI: 0.78–0.98; p < 0.026). This benefit disappeared in the multivariable analysis. However, after patients were stratified by educational level, the multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that neoadjuvant immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR: 0.86, CI: 0.74–0.99; p < 0.04) compared to no immunotherapy only in patients with high-level of education, but not in patients with low-level of education. Conclusion In this study, no difference in the OS between patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy and patients who received adjuvant immunotherapy was noticed. Future studies comparing neoadjuvant adjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemoradiation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986861 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6861, USA
| | - Michael Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986861 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6861, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986861 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6861, USA.
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28
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Amin S, Baine M, Meza J, Alam M, Lin C. The impact of immunotherapy on the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who do not receive definitive surgery of the tumor. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 24:34-40. [PMID: 32613090 PMCID: PMC7317682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Immunotherapy has shown great efficacy in many cancers, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of immunotherapy on the overall survival of PDAC patients who did not receive definitive surgery of the pancreatic primary tumor site using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Materials and Methods Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who did not receive surgery were identified from NCDB. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to assess the impact of immunotherapy on survival after adjusting for age at diagnosis, race, sex, place of living, income, education, treatment facility type, insurance status, year of diagnosis, and treatment types such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Results Of 263,886 patients who were analyzed, 911 (0.35%) received immunotherapy. Among patients who received chemotherapy (101,546), and chemoradiation (30,226) therapy, 555/101,546 (0.55%) received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, and 299/3,022 (9.9%) received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy. In a multivariable analysis adjusted for the factors mentioned above, immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR: 0.866 (0.800–0.937); P < 0.001) compared to no immunotherapy. Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy was significantly associated with improved OS (HR: 0.848 (0.766–0.938); P < 0.001) compared to chemotherapy without immunotherapy. Further, chemoradiation plus immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR: 0.813 (0.707–0.936); P < 0.001) compared to chemoradiation alone. Conclusion In this study, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy and chemoradiation therapy was associated with significantly improved OS in PDAC patients without definitive surgery. The study warrants future clinical trials of immunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Michael Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Morshed Alam
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
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29
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Leukes V, Walzl G, du Plessis N. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Target of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in Host-Directed Therapeutics for Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:451. [PMID: 32269568 PMCID: PMC7109258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance toward current and new classes of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) antibiotics are rapidly emerging; thus, innovative therapies focused on host processes, termed host-directed therapies (HDTs), are promising novel approaches for shortening therapy regimens without inducing drug resistance. Development of new TB drugs is lengthy and expensive, and success is not guaranteed; thus, alternatives are needed. Repurposed drugs have already passed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as European Medicines Agency (EMA) safety requirements and may only need to prove efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze the catalytic breakdown of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to their inactive mononucleotides. Advances in molecular pharmacology have identified 11 PDE families; and the success of sildenafil, a PDE-5 selective inhibitor (PDE-5i), in treating pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction has invigorated research into the therapeutic potential of selective PDE inhibitors in other conditions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppress anti-TB T-cell responses, likely contributing to TB disease progression. PDE-5i increases cGMP within MDSC resulting in the downregulation of arginase-1 (ARG1) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), reducing MDSC's suppressive potential. The effect of this reduction decreases MDSC-induced T-cell-suppressive mechanisms. This review highlights the possibility of HDT targeting of MDSC, using a PDE-5i in combination with the current TB regimen, resulting in improved TB treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzeigh Leukes
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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30
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Inability of Current Dosing to Achieve Carboplatin Therapeutic Targets in People with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Carboplatin Exposure and Clinical Outcomes. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 59:1013-1026. [PMID: 32034726 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of elevated systemic inflammation in people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with significantly shorter survival following carboplatin-based chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether novel factors, such as systemic inflammation [platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)], impact carboplatin pharmacokinetics and drug utilisation. The study also examined the ability of current and alternate dosing regimens to meet therapeutic targets. METHODS Seventy-two people with advanced NSCLC treated with carboplatin-based (460-1050 mg) doublet chemotherapy were recruited and pharmacokinetic data (n = 61) were analysed using non-linear mixed modelling. Covariate analysis was performed to investigate the impact of standard and novel patient characteristics of carboplatin pharmacokinetics. A Monte Carlo simulation of 100,000 representative NSCLC patients evaluated the ability of the Calvert formula and novel dosing strategies to achieve the targeted therapeutic range. The associations between systemic inflammation and chemotherapy drug utilisation (cycles received, relative dose intensity (RDI) and second-line uptake) and clinical endpoints were also investigated in the pharmacokinetic cohort, and two independent cohorts of people with advanced NSCLC from the Chemotherapy Dosing in Cancer-Related Inflammation (CDCRI) database that were administered carboplatin-paclitaxel (n = 37) or carboplatin-gemcitabine (n = 358). RESULTS In all cohorts, 25-53% of people had elevated systemic inflammation (NLR > 5 or PLR > 300). In the pharmacokinetic cohort, no patients achieved the desired therapeutic target of carboplatin. Carboplatin exposure was related to renal function, as estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula, albumin and inflammation (NLR). In the pharmacokinetic cohort, increasing carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) correlated with greater reductions in red blood cells and haemoglobin. In this cohort, the average measured AUC of partial responders was 2.4 mg·min/mL. Also in the pharmacokinetic cohort, only 12% of people with an NLR > 5 received four or more cycles of chemotherapy, compared with 62% of patients with an NLR ≤ 5 (p < 0.001). For people in the CDCRI cohort receiving carboplatin-gemcitabine, those with an NLR > 5 also received less cycles (four or more cycles, 41% vs. 60%; p < 0.01) as well as less second-line chemotherapy (46% vs. 60%; p = 0.02) compared with patients without inflammation. People in the pharmacokinetic cohort with an NLR > 5 had 12 months less median survival compared with people with an NLR ≤ 5 (6.5 vs. 18 months; p = 0.08). Similarly, overall survival was significantly shortened in people in the CDCRI cohort receiving carboplatin-gemcitabine with an NLR > 5 compared with those with an NLR ≤ 5 (7 vs. 12 months; p < 0.001), and Cox regression analysis showed a 1.5-fold (1.3-2.1; p < 0.001) increased hazard of death associated with the increased systemic inflammation. Simulations of the newly developed model-based and Calvert dosing assessed the ability to reach this study's proposed actual target AUC of 2.2-2.6 mg·min/mL. These showed current Calvert dosing was predicted to result in substantial overexposure in patients with high systemic inflammation. The newly developed model showed equivalent levels of carboplatin therapeutic target achievement across the spectrum of inflammation observed in the lung cancer population. CONCLUSION An alternate model-based dosing strategy for carboplatin was developed and is predicted to result in consistent drug exposure across the population and improve attainment of therapeutic targets. Further studies of this new model are warranted in people with advanced NSCLC.
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31
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Chen SMY, Krinsky AL, Woolaver RA, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang JH. Tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck cancers. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:766-774. [PMID: 32017286 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are highly aggressive and collectively represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Ninety percent of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNSCCs consists of many different subsets of cells that infiltrate the tumors and interact with the tumor cells or with each other through various networks. Both innate and adaptive immune cells play a crucial role in mediating immune surveillance and controlling tumor growth. Here, we discuss the different subsets of immune cells and how they contribute to an immunosuppressive TME of HNSCCs. We also briefly summarize recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches for HNSCC treatment. A better understanding of the multiple factors that play pivotal roles in HNSCC tumorigenesis and tumor progression may help define novel targets to develop more effective immunotherapies for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Y Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexandra L Krinsky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel A Woolaver
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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32
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Translational Landscape of mTOR Signaling in Integrating Cues Between Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:69-80. [PMID: 32030685 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represents a critical hub for the regulation of different processes in both normal and tumor cells. Furthermore, it is now well established the role of mTOR in integrating and shaping different environmental paracrine and autocrine stimuli in tumor microenvironment (TME) constituents. Recently, further efforts have been employed to understand how the mTOR signal transduction mechanisms modulate the sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies, also for its involvement of mTOR also in modulating angiogenesis and tumor immunity. Indeed, interest in mTOR targeting was increased to improve immune response against cancer and to develop new long-term efficacy strategies, as demonstrated by clinical success of mTOR and immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations. In this chapter, we will describe the role of mTOR in modulating TME elements and the implication in its targeting as a great promise in clinical trials.
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33
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Integrating context of tumor biology and vaccine design to shape multidimensional immunotherapies. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer therapy have offered great promise but only modest clinical benefits as monotherapies to date. Patients usually respond well to therapies targeted at specific mutations, but only for a short time. Conversely, immunotherapies help fewer patients, but increase survival. Combination therapies, which could offer the best of both worlds, are currently limited by substantial toxicity. While recent advances in genomics and proteomics have yielded an unprecedented depth of enabling datasets, it has also shifted the focus toward in silico predictions. Designing the next wave of multidimensional immunotherapies will require leveraging this knowledge while providing a renewed emphasis on tumor biology and vaccine design. This includes careful selection of tumor clinical stage in the context of pre-existing tumor microenvironments, target antigen and technology platform selections to maximize their effect, and treatment staging. Here, we review strategies on how to approach an increasingly complex landscape of immunotherapeutic agents for use in combination therapies.
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Xu Y, Fang F, Jiao H, Zheng X, Huang L, Yi X, Zhao W. Activated hepatic stellate cells regulate MDSC migration through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in an orthotopic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1959-1969. [PMID: 31641797 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are important stromal cells and pivotal mediators involved in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The liver has been demonstrated to be a site for accumulation of tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We previously reported that HSCs induced an increase in the number of MDSCs in HCC. However, how MDSCs are recruited in HCC remains largely unclear. In the present study, we found that HSC-conditioned medium (HSC-CM) induced bone marrow-derived cell and splenocyte migration, especially MDSC migration. Using chemokine-neutralizing antibodies and chemokine receptor inhibitors, we found that HSCs promoted MDSC migration through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Subsequently, we used an orthotopic mouse liver tumor model to determine how HSCs mediated MDSC migration to HCC in vivo. The in vivo results indicated that pretreatment of MDSCs with a CXCR4 inhibitor or injection with SDF-1-knocked down HSCs inhibited MDSC migration to the spleen and liver of the tumor-bearing mice. Together, our findings indicate a central role for HSCs in MDSC migration mediated by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, thus revealing a potentially effective approach for modulating the tumor microenvironment by targeting HSCs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Building 6, No. 209, South Hubin Road, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Hui Jiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Building 6, No. 209, South Hubin Road, Xiamen, 361004, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Liyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Xue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Building 6, No. 209, South Hubin Road, Xiamen, 361004, China.
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35
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Ren F, Zhao Q, Liu B, Sun X, Tang Y, Huang H, Mei L, Yu Y, Mo H, Dong H, Zheng P, Mi Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals GPNMB as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2738-2752. [PMID: 31498430 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has the fifth highest incidence of disease and is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the world. The etiology of gastric cancer is complex and needs to be fully elucidated. Thus, it is necessary to explore potential pathogenic genes and pathways that contribute to gastric cancer. Gene expression profiles of the GSE33335 and GSE54129 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared and identified using R software. The DEGs were then subjected to gene set enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Survival analyses based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used to further screen the essential DEGs. A knockdown assay was performed to determine the function of the candidate gene in gastric cancer. Finally, the association between the candidate gene and immune-related genes was investigated. We found that GPNMB serves as an essential gene, with a high expression level, and predicts a worse outcome of gastric cancer. Knockdown of GPNMB inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. In addition, GPNMB may augment the immunosuppressive ability of gastric cancer by recruiting immunosuppressive cells and promoting immune cell exhaustion through PI3K/AKT/CCL4 signaling axis. Collectively, these data suggest that GPNMB acts as an important positive mediator of tumor progression in gastric cancer, and GPNMB could exert multimodality modulation of gastric cancer-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Sciences and Education and Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Mo
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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36
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Neamah WH, Singh NP, Alghetaa H, Abdulla OA, Chatterjee S, Busbee PB, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. AhR Activation Leads to Massive Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells with Immunosuppressive Activity through Regulation of CXCR2 and MicroRNA miR-150-5p and miR-543-3p That Target Anti-Inflammatory Genes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1830-1844. [PMID: 31492743 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an environmental contaminant, is a potent ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In the current study, we made an exciting observation that naive C57BL/6 mice that were exposed i.p. to TCDD showed massive mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peritoneal cavity. These MDSCs were highly immunosuppressive and attenuated Con A-induced hepatitis upon adoptive transfer. TCDD administration in naive mice also led to induction of several chemokines and cytokines in the peritoneal cavity and serum (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL9, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, and M-CSF) and chemokine receptors on MDSCs (CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR2). Treatment with CXCR2 or AhR antagonist in mice led to marked reduction in TCDD-induced MDSCs. TCDD-induced MDSCs had high mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic rate and exhibited differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. Specifically, there was significant downregulation of miR-150-5p and miR-543-3p. These two miRNAs targeted and enhanced anti-inflammatory and MDSC-regulatory genes, including IL-10, PIM1, ARG2, STAT3, CCL11 and its receptors CCR3 and CCR5 as well as CXCR2. The role of miRs in MDSC activation was confirmed by transfection studies. Together, the current study demonstrates that activation of AhR in naive mice triggers robust mobilization of MDSCs through induction of chemokines and their receptors and MDSC activation through regulation of miRNA expression. AhR ligands include diverse compounds from environmental toxicants, such as TCDD, that are carcinogenic to dietary indoles that are anti-inflammatory. Our studies provide new insights on how such ligands may regulate health and disease through induction of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wurood Hantoosh Neamah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
| | - Narendra P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
| | - Hasan Alghetaa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
| | - Osama A Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Philip B Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; and
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37
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Benner B, Scarberry L, Stiff A, Duggan MC, Good L, Lapurga G, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S, Carson WE. Evidence for interaction of the NLRP3 inflammasome and Bruton's tyrosine kinase in tumor-associated macrophages: implications for myeloid cell production of interleukin-1beta. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1659704. [PMID: 31646085 PMCID: PMC6791459 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1659704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to play an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumors. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex of the innate immune system that is responsible for the production of the potent inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Tumor- associated macrophages (TAM) are an expanded population of immune cells found in the tumor microenvironment that can promote the initiation and metastasis of tumor cells. Their presence has been correlated with disease burden, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this population. However, to date clinically relevant pharmacologic strategies to target TAM remain elusive. Here, we show that in vitro generated TAM harbor NLRP3 inflammasome components and produce IL-1β. Ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), is in clinical use for the treatment of B- cell malignancies. We report that BTK is expressed by human in vitro generated TAM and murine macrophages and that it physically associates with the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, ibrutinib is able to inhibit BTK phosphorylation in TAM generated in vitro. Treatment of TAM with ibrutinib significantly impaired the ability of these cells to produce IL-1β. The present study provides evidence that BTK physically associates with the NLRP3 inflammasome and that inhibition of BTK with ibrutinib can impair the production of IL-1β by in vitro generated TAM. Thus, ibrutinib could potentially be of clinical use in abrogating inflammation-associated cancer progression and the immune-suppressive effects of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Benner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luke Scarberry
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Stiff
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan C. Duggan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Logan Good
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriella Lapurga
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - William E. Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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38
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Tian X, Shen H, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S. Tumor-derived exosomes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:84. [PMID: 31438991 PMCID: PMC6704713 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plenty of immune cells infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME) during tumor progression, in which myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity. Tumor cells and stromal cells facilitate the activation and expansion of MDSCs in TME via intercellular communication, and expanded MDSCs suppress anti-tumor immune responses through direct and indirect mechanisms. Currently, exosomes, which are a kind of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can convey functional components, are demonstrated to participate in the local and distal intercellular communication between cells. Numerous studies have supposed that tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), whose assembly and release can be modulated by TME, are capable of modulating the cell biology of MDSCs, including facilitating their activation, promoting the expansion, and enhancing the immunosuppressive function. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focus on the role of TEXs in the cell-cell communication between tumor cells and MDSCs, and discuss their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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39
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Zeng Y, Li B, Li T, Liu W, Ran C, Penson RT, Poznansky MC, Du Y, Chen H. CD90 low MSCs modulate intratumoral immunity to confer antitumor activity in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4479-4491. [PMID: 31320999 PMCID: PMC6633895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in preclinical treatment of ovarian cancer have been controversially demonstrated. In this study, we profiled the phenotypes of mouse compact bone-derived MSCs (CB-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and found that CB-MSCs expressed lower CD90 compared to BM-MSCs. We examined gene expression of immune regulating cytokines of CB-MSCs in 2D and 3D culture and under stimulation with TLR4 agonist LPS or immune activator VIC-008. Our data showed that when CB-MSCs were cultured in simulated in vivo 3D condition, CD90 expression was further decreased. Moreover, gene expressions of immune activating cytokines IL-12, IL-21, IFNγ and a pro-inflammatory cytokine CXCL10 in CB-MSCs were increased in 3D culture whereas gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and CCL5 were downregulated. Stimulation of CB-MSCs by LPS or VIC-008 presented similar profile of the cytokine gene expressions to that in 3D culture which might benefit the anti-tumor efficacy of CD90low MSCs. The anti-tumor effects of CD90low CB-MSCs alone or in combination with VIC-008 were evaluated in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer. Treatment that combines CB-MSCs and VIC-008 significantly decreased tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. This was associated with the increase of activated anti-tumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the decrease of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our study demonstrates the synergistic anti-tumoral efficacy by application of CB-MSCs combined with immune activator VIC-008 and provides new insight into CD90low MSCs as a new anti-tumor arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Binghao Li
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Tao Li
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
| | - Richard T. Penson
- Medical Gynecologic Oncology, Gillette Center for Women's Cancers, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huabiao Chen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
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40
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Upregulation of IL-6 in CUL4B-deficient myeloid-derived suppressive cells increases the aggressiveness of cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5860-5872. [PMID: 31235785 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression depends on a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent key cellular components in tumor microenvironment and have been demonstrated to facilitate tumor progression by restricting host immune responses and by sustaining the malignancy of cancer cells. CUL4B, which assembles the CUL4B-RING E3 ligase complex (CRL4B), possesses a potent oncogenic property in cancer cells by epigenetically inactivating many tumor suppressors. However, CUL4B in hematopoietic cells exerts tumor-suppressive effect by restricting the accumulation and function of MDSCs. How CUL4B regulates the function of MDSCs is not fully characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that the enhanced growth and metastasis of transplanted tumor cells in hematopoietic or myeloid cell-specific Cul4b knockout recipient mice is mediated by increased production of IL-6 in MDSCs. CUL4B complex epigenetically represses IL-6 transcription in myeloid cells. The IL-6 produced by MDSCs renders cancer cells stem cell-like properties by activating IL-6/STAT3 signaling. This crosstalk was effectively blocked either by blocking IL-6 in MDSCs or by inhibition of STAT3 activation in tumor cells. These findings provide a new mechanistic insight into the cancer-promoting property of MDSCs.
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41
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Jung EE, Heinemann FS, Egelston CA, Wang J, Pollock RE, Lee PP, Tseng WW. Synchronous recurrence of concurrent colon adenocarcinoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/5/e228868. [PMID: 31088817 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old man presented with concurrent sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma and small bowel mesenteric dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Following surgical resection of the colon cancer, complete excision of the mesenteric sarcoma and adjuvant folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy, the patient demonstrated no radiological evidence of disease for more than 2 years. The patient then developed synchronous recurrence of both cancers: the colon cancer metastasised to the liver and a pelvic lymph node, and the liposarcoma recurred in the original location. The patient underwent additional chemotherapy with complete response of the metastatic colon cancer and stable disease for the liposarcoma. The recurrent mesenteric tumour was subsequently resected. Although concurrent cancers have been reported, this unique case of synchronous recurrence raises interesting hypotheses regarding host-tumour interaction and immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Jung
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - F Scott Heinemann
- Department of Pathology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, California, USA
| | - Colt A Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- Department of Surgery, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - William W Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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42
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Pilatova K, Bencsikova B, Demlova R, Valik D, Zdrazilova-Dubska L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in patients with solid tumors: considerations for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1919-1929. [PMID: 29748897 PMCID: PMC11028306 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been shown to contribute to tumor escape from host immune surveillance and to cancer progression by production of tumor-promoting soluble factors. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a principle cytokine controlling granulocyte number. Recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) has become the main therapeutic agent for the treatment of neutropenia and prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. However, we show here that rhG-CSF triggers accumulation of granulocytic and monocytic subsets. Consequently, we discuss the pharmacological use of granulopoiesis stimulating factors not only in the context of febrile neutropenia but also from the perspective of MDSC-dependent and MDSC-independent mechanisms of immunosuppression and cancer angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Pilatova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrix Bencsikova
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Demlova
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Clinical Trial Unit, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zdrazilova-Dubska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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43
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Immunosuppression mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during tumour progression. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:16-25. [PMID: 30413826 PMCID: PMC6325125 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under steady-state conditions, bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells (IMC) differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This differentiation is impaired under chronic inflammatory conditions, which are typical for tumour progression, leading to the accumulation of IMCs. These cells are capable of inducing strong immunosuppressive effects through the expression of various cytokines and immune regulatory molecules, inhibition of lymphocyte homing, stimulation of other immunosuppressive cells, depletion of metabolites critical for T cell functions, expression of ectoenzymes regulating adenosine metabolism, and the production of reactive species. IMCs are therefore designated as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and have been shown to accumulate in tumour-bearing mice and cancer patients. MDSCs are considered to be a strong contributor to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and thus an obstacle for many cancer immunotherapies. Consequently, numerous studies are focused on the characterisation of MDSC origin and their relationship to other myeloid cell populations, their immunosuppressive capacity, and possible ways to inhibit MDSC function with different approaches being evaluated in clinical trials. This review analyses the current state of knowledge on the origin and function of MDSCs in cancer, with a special emphasis on the immunosuppressive pathways pursued by MDSCs to inhibit T cell functions, resulting in tumour progression. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies and clinical benefits of MDSC targeting in cancer.
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44
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Abdissa K, Nerlich A, Beineke A, Ruangkiattikul N, Pawar V, Heise U, Janze N, Falk C, Bruder D, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, Weiss S, Goethe R. Presence of Infected Gr-1 intCD11b hiCD11c int Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Subverts T Cell Response and Is Associated With Impaired Dendritic Cell Function in Mycobacterium avium-Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2317. [PMID: 30386330 PMCID: PMC6198055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immature myeloid cells with immunomodulatory function. To study the mechanism by which MDSC affect antimicrobial immunity, we infected mice with two M. avium strains of differential virulence, highly virulent Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strain 25291 (MAA) and low virulent Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis strain 104 (MAH). Intraperitoneal infection with MAA, but not MAH, caused severe disease and massive splenic infiltration of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC; Gr-1intCD11bhiCD11cint) expressing inducible NO synthase (Nos2) and bearing high numbers of mycobacteria. Depletion experiments demonstrated that M-MDSC were essential for disease progression. NO production by M-MDSC influenced antigen-uptake and processing by dendritic cells and proliferation of CD4+ T cells. M-MDSC were also induced in MAA-infected mice lacking Nos2. In these mice CD4+ T cell expansion and control of infection were restored. However, T cell inhibition was only partially relieved and arginase (Arg) 1-expressing M-MDSC were accumulated. Likewise, inhibition of Arg1 also partially rescued T cell proliferation. Thus, mycobacterial virulence results in the induction of M-MDSC that block the T cell response in a Nos2- and Arg1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketema Abdissa
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heise
- Mouse Pathology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nina Janze
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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45
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Shaw J, Costa-Pinheiro P, Patterson L, Drews K, Spiegel S, Kester M. Novel Sphingolipid-Based Cancer Therapeutics in the Personalized Medicine Era. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 140:327-366. [PMID: 30060815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that participate in a wide variety of biological mechanisms, including cell death and proliferation. The myriad of pro-death and pro-survival cellular pathways involving sphingolipids provide a plethora of opportunities for dysregulation in cancers. In recent years, modulation of these sphingolipid metabolic pathways has been in the forefront of drug discovery for cancer therapeutics. About two decades ago, researchers first showed that standard of care treatments, e.g., chemotherapeutics and radiation, modulate sphingolipid metabolism to increase endogenous ceramides, which kill cancer cells. Strikingly, resistance to these treatments has also been linked to altered sphingolipid metabolism, favoring lipid species that ultimately lead to cell survival. To this end, many inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism have been developed to further define not only our understanding of these pathways but also to potentially serve as therapeutic interventions. Therefore, understanding how to better use these new drugs that target sphingolipid metabolism, either alone or in combination with current cancer treatments, holds great potential for cancer control. While sphingolipids in cancer have been reviewed previously (Hannun & Obeid, 2018; Lee & Kolesnick, 2017; Morad & Cabot, 2013; Newton, Lima, Maceyka, & Spiegel, 2015; Ogretmen, 2018; Ryland, Fox, Liu, Loughran, & Kester, 2011) in this chapter, we present a comprehensive review on how standard of care therapeutics affects sphingolipid metabolism, the current landscape of sphingolipid inhibitors, and the clinical utility of sphingolipid-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Logan Patterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kelly Drews
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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46
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Yagiz K, Rodriguez-Aguirre ME, Lopez Espinoza F, Montellano TT, Mendoza D, Mitchell LA, Ibanez CE, Kasahara N, Gruber HE, Jolly DJ, Robbins JM. A Retroviral Replicating Vector Encoding Cytosine Deaminase and 5-FC Induces Immune Memory in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Models. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 8:14-26. [PMID: 29322091 PMCID: PMC5751967 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of tumors with Toca 511, a gamma retroviral replicating vector encoding cytosine deaminase, followed by 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) kills tumors by local production of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In brain tumor models, this treatment induces systemic anti-tumor immune responses and long-term immune-mediated survival. Phase 1 Toca 511 and Toca FC (extended-release 5-FC) clinical trials in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma show durable complete responses and promising survival data compared to historic controls. The work described herein served to expand on our earlier findings in two models of metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). Intravenous (i.v.) delivery of Toca 511 resulted in substantial tumor-selective uptake of vector into metastatic lesions. Subsequent treatment with 5-FC resulted in tumor shrinkage, improved survival, and immune memory against future rechallenge with the same CT26 CRC cell line. Similar results were seen in a brain metastasis model of mCRC. Of note, 5-FC treatment resulted in a significant decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mCRC tumors in both the liver and brain. These results support the development of Toca 511 and Toca FC as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for patients with mCRC. A phase 1 study of i.v. Toca 511 and Toca FC in solid tumors, including mCRC, is currently underway (NCT02576665).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kader Yagiz
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Mendoza
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Leah A. Mitchell
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Carlos E. Ibanez
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Harry E. Gruber
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Douglas J. Jolly
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Joan M. Robbins
- Tocagen Inc., 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
- DNAtrix, Inc., 2450 Holcombe Boulevard, Suite X+ 200, Houston, TX 77021, USA
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47
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Fleming V, Hu X, Weber R, Nagibin V, Groth C, Altevogt P, Utikal J, Umansky V. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Bypass Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:398. [PMID: 29552012 PMCID: PMC5840207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms to balance an extensive immune response. Distinct immunosuppressive cells could protect from excessive tissue damage and autoimmune disorders. Tumor cells take an advantage of those immunosuppressive mechanisms and establish a strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which inhibits antitumor immune responses, supporting the disease progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) play a crucial role in this immunosuppressive TME. Those cells represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with a strong immunosuppressive potential. They inhibit an antitumor reactivity of T cells and NK cells. Furthermore, they promote angiogenesis, establish pre-metastatic niches, and recruit other immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that the enrichment and activation of MDSC correlated with tumor progression, recurrence, and negative clinical outcome. In the last few years, various preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting MDSC showed promising results. In this review, we discuss different therapeutic approaches on MDSC targeting to overcome immunosuppressive TME and enhance the efficiency of current tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Fleming
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Weber
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vasyl Nagibin
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher Groth
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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48
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Indrová M, Rossowska J, Pajtasz-Piasecka E, Mikyšková R, Richter J, Rosina J, Sedlacek R, Fišerová A. The role of immune cell subpopulations in the growth and rejection of TC-1/A9 tumors in novel mouse strains differing in the H2-D haplotype and NKC domain. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3594-3601. [PMID: 29467880 PMCID: PMC5795941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the role of cluster of differentiation (CD)8+, CD4+, natural killer (NK), and myeloid (CD11b+) cells in the course of the growth and rejection of experimental major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-deficient, HPV16 E6/E7-associated TC-1/A9 tumors in mice. Stable mouse lines (F30) generated by inbreeding of Balb/c and C57BL/6 strains, which were characterized by H-2Db+d-NK1.1neg (B6-neg) and H-2Db-d+NK1.1high (Balb-high) phenotypes, were used for the present study. The novel strains spontaneously regressed tumors in 70–90% of cases. Ex vivo histological analysis of the tumor microenvironment in cryosections showed an indirect correlation between the growth of the transplanted tumor (progressor vs. regressor mice) and the proportion of immunocompetent cell infiltration in the tumors. The regressor mice exhibited a higher infiltration of tumors with CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and in Balb-high with NK cells as well, compared with the progressors. All tumor transplants also indicated a huge infiltration of CD11b+ cells, but this infiltration was not dependent on the stage of the TC-1/A9 tumor development. Depletion of individual cell subpopulations in vivo exhibited different effects on the tumor development in the two strains. Elimination of CD8-positive cells enhanced growth of TC-1/A9 tumor transplants in both hybrid stains, whereas CD4+ cell depletion affected rejection of TC-1/A9 tumors in the B6-neg mice only. Depletion of NK cells with anti-asialo GM1 antibody in the Balb-high strain led to enhancement of tumor growth, which was more pronounced after depletion of the NK1.1+ subpopulation. On the other hand, depletion of NK cells with anti-asialo GM1 in B6-neg mice did not affect the regression of TC-1/A9 tumor transplants, but increased the CD11b+ cell infiltration. In summary, these results indicate that co-operation of particular subsets of immunocompetent cells is essential for the rejection of TC-1/A9 tumor transplants. In B6-neg mice, the co-operative action of CD8+ and CD4+ cells is required, whereas in Balb-high mice, the synergy of CD8+ and NK1.1+ cells is of major importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Indrová
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pajtasz-Piasecka
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Romana Mikyšková
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Rosina
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Fišerová
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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49
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells coming of age. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:108-119. [PMID: 29348500 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-017-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1206] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells generated during a large array of pathologic conditions ranging from cancer to obesity. These cells represent a pathologic state of activation of monocytes and relatively immature neutrophils. MDSCs are characterized by a distinct set of genomic and biochemical features, and can, on the basis of recent findings, be distinguished by specific surface molecules. The salient feature of these cells is their ability to inhibit T cell function and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this Review, we discuss the origin and nature of these cells; their distinctive features; and their biological roles in cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, obesity and pregnancy.
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50
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Foerster F, Boegel S, Heck R, Pickert G, Rüssel N, Rosigkeit S, Bros M, Strobl S, Kaps L, Aslam M, Diken M, Castle J, Sahin U, Tuettenberg A, Bockamp E, Schuppan D. Enhanced protection of C57 BL/6 vs Balb/c mice to melanoma liver metastasis is mediated by NK cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1409929. [PMID: 29632723 PMCID: PMC5889278 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1409929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The B16F10 murine melanoma cell line displays a low expression of MHC class I molecules favoring immune evasion and metastases in immunocompetent C57 BL/6 wild-type mice. Here, we generated metastases to the liver, an organ that is skewed towards immune tolerance, by intrasplenic injection of B16F10 cells in syngeneic C57 BL/6 compared to allogeneic Balb/c mice. Surprisingly, Balb/c mice, which usually display a pronounced M2 macrophage and Th2 T cell polarization, were ∼3 times more susceptible to metastasis than C57 BL/6 mice, despite a much higher M1 and Th1 T cell immune response. The anti-metastatic advantage of C57 BL/6 mice could be attributed to a more potent NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. Our findings highlight the role of NK cells in innate anti-tumor immunity in the context of the liver – particularly against highly aggressive MHC I-deficient cancer cells. Moreover, the B16F10 model of melanoma liver metastasis is suited for developing novel therapies targeting innate NK cell related immunity in liver metastases and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Foerster
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosario Heck
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geetha Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Rüssel
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Strobl
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - John Castle
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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