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Alyoussef A. Investigation of the Ability of Crocin to Treat Skin Cancer Chemically Induced in Mice via the Inhibition of the Wnt/β-Catenin and Fibrotic Pathway. Cureus 2023; 15:e38596. [PMID: 37284388 PMCID: PMC10239655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt pathway is a major pathway in the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Moreover, crocin is one of the carotenoid compounds present in the flowers of gardenia and crocus. Crocin is responsible for the characteristic color of saffron. Aims This study was conducted to discover the therapeutic effects of crocin against skin cancer induced in mice by blocking the Wnt pathway with subsequent effects on inflammation and fibrosis. Methods For the induction of skin cancer in mice, the application of DMBA and Croton oil was used. The dorsal skin was used for the evaluation of the gene and protein expression of TGF-β, SMAD, Wnt, β-catenin, TNF-α, and NFκB. Part of the skin is stained with Mallory trichrome. Results The use of crocin for treating skin cancer mice significantly reduced both the number of tumors and the number of scratches. In addition, crocin inhibited epidermal hyperplasia. Finally, crocin reduced the gene expression and protein levels of Wnt, β-catenin, SMAD, NFκB; TGF-β and TNF-α. Conclusions Crocin produced therapeutic effects against skin cancer induced in mice by blocking the expression of Wnt followed by blocking the pro-inflammatory pathway through downregulation of NFκB and TNF-α. In addition, crocin blocked the fibrosis pathway via the downregulation of TGF-β.
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Wu Y, Chen J, Tan F, Wang B, Xu W, Yuan C. ITGA9: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Different Tumors. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1412-1418. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220501165644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Integrins are a class of a cell surface adhesion molecule which composed of α subunit (ITGA) and β subunit (ITGB). They belong to heterodimer transmembrane glycoproteins. Its main function in organisms is as the receptor of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). According to the current research integration analysis, integrin α9 (ITGA9) is one of the integrin subunits, and there are few studies on ITGA9 among integrins. ITGA9 can improve cell migration and regulate various cellular biological functions, such as tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. But its abnormal expression mechanism in cancer and its specific role in tumor growth and metastasis are still unknown to a great extent. This review reveals the role of ITGA9 in the complex pathogenesis of many tumors and cancers, providing a new direction for the treatment of tumors and cancers. Relevant studies were retrieved and collected through the PubMed system. After determining ITGA9 as the research object, we found the close relationship between ITGA9 and tumorigenesis through the analysis of the research articles on ITGA9 in the PubMed system in the last 15 years, and further determined the references mainly based on the influencing factors of the articles. Thus, the role of ITGA9 in tumor and cancer genesis, proliferation, and metastasis was reviewed and analyzed.
ITGA9 is an integrin subunit, which has been proved to be abnormally expressed in many tumors. After sorting and analyzing the research data, it was found that the abnormal expression of ITGA9 in a variety of tumors, including glioblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, multiple myeloma, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer, was closely related to the proliferation, metastasis, adhesion, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. These results suggest that ITGA9 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. The integrin subunit ITGA9 may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of tumors and a potential therapeutic target for anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Wu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fangshun Tan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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Liu WB, Wang HL, Chen L, Tang B, Ke G, Wang S, Sun YQ, Ma J, Lyu DL. Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma by suppressing HSDL2 expression. Chin Med 2022; 17:28. [PMID: 35193614 PMCID: PMC8862504 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is among the most aggressive types of skin malignancy and can have an unpredictable clinical course. Exploration of novel therapeutic targets and their regulators remains essential for the prevention and treatment of melanoma. METHODS HSDL2 protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. The roles of HSDL2 in cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The function of HSDL2 in cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. Western blotting, cell proliferation and apoptosis and a xenograft tumour model were utilized to explore the inhibitory functions and mechanisms of CuE in melanoma. RESULTS HSDL2 is overexpressed in melanoma and promotes melanoma progression by activating the ERK and AKT pathways. CuE could inhibit the ERK and AKT pathways by decreasing HSDL2 expression; therefore, CuE could inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION HSDL2 may be a promising therapeutic target against melanoma, and CuE can inhibit melanoma by downregulating HSDL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bei Liu
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - He-Li Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Guolin Ke
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Qiao Sun
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Junting Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Da-Lun Lyu
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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Antitumor activity of adiponectin in mice model of skin cancer via modulation of sulfatase-2 and MMP9 activity on HSPGs. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Darbà J, Marsà A. Incidence, mortality and medical costs of patients hospitalized with melanoma in Spain: a retrospective multicentre observational study. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:795-800. [PMID: 33591848 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1891034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to update and analyze the in-hospital incidence and in-hospital mortality of melanoma in Spain, to evaluate any temporal trends in both measures and to quantify the direct medical costs of specialized care that are associated to this malignancy. METHODS Anonymized specialized care admission records registered between 1 Jan 2011 and 31 Dec 2017 were extracted from a Spanish nationwide hospital discharge database. RESULTS Records included corresponded to 16,657 patients, of which 50.62% were male. In nearly 38% of all admissions secondary malignant tumors were registered, principally tumors in the lymph nodes. In-hospital incidence of melanoma was 67.5 and 58.2 per 100,000 males and females, respectively, in the study period (2011-2017), with a decreasing tendency measured after the year 2014. Mortality increased with patients' age and over time in patients over 75 years of age. In-hospital mortality was 7.73% for males and 5.29% for female patients, and was principally associated to metastatic tumors, principally in the lungs, liver and brain. Mean length of hospital stay was 4.36 days, with a readmission rate of 6.93% and a 15.70% of urgent admissions. The mean annual direct medical cost per patient was €4175, increasing between 2014 and 2017. CONCLUSIONS The increasing in-hospital incidence of melanoma appeared to reverse in 2014, as did the increasing mortality rate measured in older males. The shift in melanoma in-hospital incidence could respond to the increasing trend to treat patients in primary care settings. Further studies will be required to confirm these trends in order to adapt the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Darbà
- Department of Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marsà
- Department of Health Economics, BCN Health Economics & Outcomes Research S.L., Barcelona, Spain
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6
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New insights on the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9021-9032. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Evaluating antitumor activity of antiglypican-3 therapy in experimentally induced skin cancer in mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 313:263-273. [PMID: 32638071 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is considered as a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. It is overexpressed in skin cancer and promotes tumor progression and pathogenicity. Therefore, we aimed to find out the therapeutic effects of immuno-suppressing GPC3 in skin cancer experimentally induced in mice as well as to underline molecular mechanisms especially inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Skin cancer was experimentally induced in mice by repeated rubbing of mice skin with 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. Mice were injected with anti-GPC3. Skin samples were isolated to investigate the gene and protein expression of GPC3, Wnt-1, NFκB, TNF-α, IGF-1, p38 MAPK and caspase-3 using PCR, Western blot and ELISA. Moreover, skin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Treating skin cancer mice with anti-GPC3 significantly blocked GPC3, which is accompanied by amelioration of skin cancer-induced increase in the numbers of tumors and scratching behavior. Moreover, anti-GPC3 attenuated skin cancer-induced increase in the expression of Wnt-1, NFκB, TNF-α, IGF-1, p38 MAPK and caspase-3. In parallel, anti-GPC3 reduced degeneration of melanocyte cells and reduced phagocytic cells epidermal hyperplasia and dysplasia in skin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. In conclusion, anti-GPC3 produced anti-tumor effects against skin cancer, which can be explained by reduction in both inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Targeting GPC3 is a promising therapeutic approach for skin cancer.
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Hallajzadeh J, Amirani E, Mirzaei H, Shafabakhsh R, Mirhashemi SM, Sharifi M, Yousefi B, Mansournia MA, Asemi Z. Circular RNAs: new genetic tools in melanoma. Biomark Med 2020; 14:563-571. [PMID: 32462914 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. New technologies have resulted in major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and other cancer types. Recently, some studies have investigated the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in different cancers. CircRNAs are a member of long noncoding RNA family mainly formed through back-splicing and have a closed-loop structure. These molecules affect several biological and oncogenic cascades in diverse ways via acting as microRNA sponge, interacting with RNA-binding proteins and acting as a transcription regulator. In this review, we made an insight into the impact of circRNA dysregulation in the melanoma tumorigenesis based on the presented evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyyed M Mirhashemi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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9
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Ex Vivo Exposure of Human Melanoma Tissue to Cold Physical Plasma Elicits Apoptosis and Modulates Inflammation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10061971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with a not-sufficient clinical outcome. High tumor mutation rates often hamper a remedial treatment, creating the need for palliative care in many patients. To reduce pain and burden, local palliation often includes cryo-ablation, immunotherapy via injection of IL2, or electrochemotherapy. Yet, a fraction of patients and lesions do not respond to those therapies. To reach even these resistances in a redox-mediated way, we treated skin biopsies from human melanoma ex vivo with cold physical plasma (kINPen MED plasma jet). This partially ionized gas generates a potent mixture of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Physical plasmas have been shown to be potent antitumor agents in preclinical melanoma and clinical head and neck cancer research. The innovation of this technology lies in its ease-of-use without anesthesia, as the “cold” plasma temperature of the kINPen MED does not exceed 37 °C. In metastatic melanoma skin biopsies from six patients, we identified a marked increase of apoptosis with plasma treatment ex vivo. This had an impact on the chemokine/cytokine profile of the cultured biopsies, e.g., three of six patient-derived biopsy supernatants showed an apparent decrease in VEGF compared to non-plasma treated specimens. Moreover, the baseline release levels of 24 chemokines/cytokines investigated may serve as a useful tool for future research on melanoma skin biopsy treatments. Our findings suggest a clinically useful role of cold physical plasma therapy in palliation of cutaneous melanoma lesions, possibly in a combinatory setting with other immune therapies.
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10
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Abstract
Background and objectives: The incidence of skin cancer has raised in the last few years. One of the important growth factors found in the skin layers is insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. It is directly linked with many cancers in different organs. Therefore, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of blocking IGF-1 receptor (IGF-R1) pathway by PQ401 in skin cancer as well as studying its effect on tumor invasion markers.Materials and methods: We experimentally induced skin cancer in mice by the application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene. Skin samples were removed for determination of gen and protein expression of IGF-1, IGF-R1, glypican-3, MMP9, syndecan-1 and fascin-1 by Western blot and PCR. Moreover, skin sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Mallory.Results: Treatment with PQ401 blocked the expression of IGF-R1 in the skin, which is associated with reduction in the skin cancer-induced tumors and scratches. In addition, PQ401 ameliorated skin cancer induced formation of epidermal atypia and hyperplasia. PQ401 reduced both gene and protein expression of the tumor invasion markers, MMP9, syndecan-1 and fascin-1, without affecting gene and protein expression of glypican-3 and IGF-1 in skin cancer group.Conclusion: Blocking IGF-R1 has therapeutic effects against experimental skin cancer induced in mice. In addition, blocking IGF = R1 attenuated skin cancer-induced activation of tumor invasion markers.Key pointsIGF-1/IGF-R1is highly expressed in different cancers as skin cancer.Blocking IGF-R1 production ameliorated skin cancer.Blocking IGF-R1 attenuated skin cancer-induced activation of tumor invasion markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alyoussef
- Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Yang J, Pan Z, Zhou Q, Liu Q, Zhao F, Feng X, Lyu J. Nomogram for predicting the survival of patients with malignant melanoma: A population analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3591-3598. [PMID: 31516573 PMCID: PMC6732986 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a nomogram based on a large population to estimate the 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients with malignant melanoma (MM). Patients were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database and randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts. A nomogram was developed, and was used to assess the accuracy of the model. Independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) rate were identified through multivariate analysis, and were included in the internal validation of the nomogram. The nomogram provided high C-indexes for the training cohort [area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.877 for 3-year OS rate and 0.872 for 5-year OS rate] and the validation cohort (AUC of 0.880 for 3-year OS rate and 0.874 for 5-year OS rate), indicating that the model had good discrimination ability. Calibration plots showed that the predicted 3- and 5-year OS rates probabilities for the training and validation groups were almost identical to the actual observations. The 3- and 5-year decision curves indicated net benefits for both the training and validation cohorts. The nomogram may aid clinicians to provide more accurate prognosis prediction in patient consultations and more personalized postoperative management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 415003, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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Gutiérrez-González E, López-Abente G, Aragonés N, Pollán M, Pastor-Barriuso R, Sánchez MJ, Pérez-Gómez B. Trends in mortality from cutaneous malignant melanoma in Spain (1982-2016): sex-specific age-cohort-period effects. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1522-1528. [PMID: 30868690 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from malignant cutaneous melanoma increased alarmingly during the second half of the 20th century in Spain and other European countries. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyse sex- and age-specific trends in melanoma mortality in Spain in the period 1982-2016. METHODS European age-standardized melanoma mortality rates during the period 1982-2016 were calculated from mortality figures provided by the National Statistics Institute. Joinpoint regressions were used to identify significant points of change in trends and to compute average annual per cent change (AAPC). Age-cohort-period models were fitted to explore the effect of these variables on mortality. RESULTS During the period 1982-2016, age-standardized melanoma mortality rates increased in Spain from 0.90 to 1.80 deaths per 100 000 people in men and from 0.64 to 1.11 per 100 000 in women, rising noticeably from 1982 to 1995 in both sexes and in all age groups. From the mid-90s different trends were observed depending on sex and age: there was a decrease in mortality in the population younger than 45 years (AAPC -2 in both sexes) and aged 45-64 years (AAPC -1 among men and -0.2 among women), but in the group over 64 years rates continued to increase (AAPC 1.7 and 0.2, respectively, for men and women). The mortality sex ratio decreased in the younger population but increased in older individuals. A cohort effect was observed with lower mortality in the cohorts born after 1943 in men and 1956 in women. There was also a period effect with decreased mortality rates at the beginning of the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma mortality rates in Spain increased during the last decades of the 20th century; however, later they stabilized in women and began to decrease in younger cohorts and middle-aged men. Promotion of primary and secondary prevention measures should continue, with particular emphasis on males over 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gutiérrez-González
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - G López-Abente
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer & Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National analyze Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer & Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National analyze Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Pastor-Barriuso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer & Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National analyze Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Sánchez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Gómez
- Public Health & Preventive Medicine Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer & Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National analyze Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Alyoussef A, Taha M. Blocking Wnt as a therapeutic target in mice model of skin cancer. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:595-605. [PMID: 31165240 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt pathway plays an important role in controlling metabolism in cancer cells. It acts as positive modulator for both cell inflammation, through activation of NFκB, and fibrosis, through activation of TGF-β. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of blocking Wnt pathway by IWP12 on skin cancer by studying its effects on skin cancer-induced inflammation and fibrosis in a mice model of skin cancer. Skin cancer was induced by application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil on the dorsal skin of mice. Dorsal skin was removed for estimation of gene and protein expression of Wnt, β-catenin, SMAD, TGF-β, NFκB, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10. Part of the skin is stained with hematoxylin/eosin for assessment of cell structure. Treatment of mice with IWP12 completely blocked Wnt in skin cancer mice without affecting the control mice. Skin of tumorigenic mice showed marked skin hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis and dysplasia. Treatment with IWP12 markedly attenuated epidermal atypia and hyperplasia. In addition, IWP12 reduced expression of β-catenin, SMAD, TGF-β, NFκB and TNF-α associated with increase in the expression of IL-4 and IL-10. In conclusion, blocking Wnt production ameliorated skin cancer via blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, blocking Wnt attenuated skin cancer-induced activation of fibrosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alyoussef
- Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71471, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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14
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Gambra Michel LE, Uña Gorospe J, López Figueroa AL, Mullor Nogales R, Martínez Cedrés JC, Cabrera Suárez MÁ, Garrido Ríos S, Hernández Hernández N, Suárez Hernández J, Allende Riera A. Disease-Free Survival for Patients with Thin Melanomas according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition. Dermatology 2019; 235:334-339. [PMID: 31112971 DOI: 10.1159/000499652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently implemented AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system for malignant melanoma (MM) changed the definition for T1a and T1b tumours. OBJECTIVES To analyse differences in disease-free survival (DFS) among patients with thin MM staged according to both AJCC 7th and 8th editions. METHODS An observational study including 285 patients with cutaneous thin MM (thickness ≤1 mm). Cases were staged as T1a and T1b using both 7th and 8th editions. Neither regional nor visceral diseases were present at diagnosis. DFS curves were generated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS An 8% shift of patients from a T1a towards a T1b stage group was observed after applying the AJCC 8th edition. According to this 8th edition, DFS for T1a patients was significantly longer than for T1b patients (log-rank test; p = 0.005); 5-year DFS for T1a and T1b was 100 and 95%, respectively (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.002). According to the AJCC 7th edition, DFS did not significantly differ for T1a and T1b patients; 5-year DFS for T1a and T1b was 99 and 97%, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The AJCC 8th edition seems to be a better tool for staging thin melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, .,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,
| | - Luisa Elena Gambra Michel
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jon Uña Gorospe
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Mullor Nogales
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Carlos Martínez Cedrés
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cabrera Suárez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sofía Garrido Ríos
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Noelia Hernández Hernández
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Suárez Hernández
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Allende Riera
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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15
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Jiao JX, Jiao LJ, Yang S, Zhao YJ. Knockdown of aristaless-like homeobox1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:105-110. [PMID: 30773258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aristaless-like homeobox1 (ALX1), a member of the ALX family, is capable of mediating survival and development of mesenchyme-derived elements in vertebrates and its mutation will prevent the fusion of frontonasal and maxillary elements. Recently, ALX1 has been reported to be associated with cancer progression. However, the specific roles of ALX1 in melanoma remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biological functions of ALX1 in melanoma. We found that ALX1 was highly expressed in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of ALX1 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, we showed that ALX1 knockdown reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in melanoma cells, which might be attributed to inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, this study provided a new insight into the role of ALX1 as a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Lin-Jun Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
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16
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Li J, Fang R, Wang J, Deng L. NOP14 inhibits melanoma proliferation and metastasis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 52:e7952. [PMID: 30484495 PMCID: PMC6262753 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a high mortality rate. Nucleolar protein 14 (NOP14) has been implicated in cancer development. However, the role of NOP14 in malignant melanoma progression remains largely unclear. In this study, we observed that malignant melanoma tissue showed NOP14 down-regulation compared to melanocytic nevi tissues. Moreover, we observed that NOP14 expression was significantly associated with melanoma tumor thickness and lymph node metastasis. NOP14 overexpression in melanoma cells suppressed proliferation, caused G1 phase arrest, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited melanoma cell migration and invasion. Further investigations revealed that NOP14 overexpression reduced the expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and GSK-3β of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In summary, we demonstrated that NOP14 inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Patel SR, Moysidis SN, Koulisis N, Storey PP, Kashani AH, Rao NA, Rodger DC. Is it melanoma-associated retinopathy or drug toxicity? Bilateral cystoid macular edema posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018; 10:77-80. [PMID: 29780921 PMCID: PMC5956673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the clinical presentation, multimodal imaging, and management of a patient with metastatic melanoma who presented with cystoid macular edema (CME). Observations We report a case of a 71-year-old Caucasian male with metastatic melanoma who presented with bilateral cystoid macular edema after being on treatment with a programmed T cell death ligand 1 inhibitor, MPDL3280, for 1 year. Multimodal imaging techniques, including color fundus photographs, autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany), and spectral-domain OCT angiography (Zeiss; California, USA) were performed to evaluate the etiology of his CME and to monitor his response to treatment. Clinical examination and multimodal imaging revealed 1 + chronic vitreous cells, an epiretinal membrane, and mild macular edema in both eyes. Fundus autofluorescence showed paravenous hypoautofluorescence in the right eye and scattered hypoautofluorescent spots in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) revealed mild drop out of superficial vessels in the peri-foveal region bilaterally. These findings were concerning for melanoma-associated retinopathy, drug-related uveitis, or activation of a previous chronic autoimmune process. The patient was started on prednisone 30 mg oral daily and ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% 1 drop four times daily. He was then treated with bilateral sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implants (Ozurdex). He had complete resolution of CME, and was tapered off of oral steroids within 6 weeks. Conclusions and Importance Melanoma-associated retinopathy can be accompanied by CME, which presents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in cases where a new drug has been recently initiated. By treating the condition locally, the ophthalmologist may be able to taper systemic immunosuppression more quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi R Patel
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Stavros N Moysidis
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Nicole Koulisis
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Philip P Storey
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Amir H Kashani
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Narsing A Rao
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Damien C Rodger
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street, 4th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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18
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Fernández-de-Misa Cabrera R, González Delgado B, Gambra Michel LE, Casale C, Lopez Figueroa A, Uña Gorospe J, Martínez Cedrés JC, Cabrera Suárez MA, Garrido Ríos S, Hernández Hernández N, Tébar Díaz A, Sánchez Barrios A, Allende Riera A, Perera Molinero A. Clinicopathological characteristics of cutaneous malignant melanoma in patients at a tertiary hospital in Macaronesia. Survival as a function of locoregional prognostic factors per the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Int J Dermatol 2017; 57:193-201. [PMID: 29247507 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite suffering high ultraviolet radiation levels, few data on malignant melanoma (MM) in Macaronesia are available. METHODS Observational study of cutaneous MM cases diagnosed during a period of 12 years at a tertiary hospital in Canary Islands. RESULTS A total of 532 patients (female/male = 1.4) with an average age of 56 years were included; 5% developed more than one MM, and 7% reported family history of MM. Phototype II (43%), dark eyes (41%), and dark hair (41%) predominated. There was a lower frequency of light-colored hair and eyes in those born in the Canary Islands. The most frequent locations of MM were on the back for men (37%) and on the lower extremities for women (35%). Among the infiltrating tumors (83%), the (median) thickness was 1.07 mm (women, 0.90 mm; men, 1.21 mm). Anatomopathological ulceration (AU) and a mitotic rate ≥1 mitosis/mm2 (HMR) were recorded in 27% of patients. Patients with regional disease constituted 12% of the population. The most common stage was IA (34%). Melanoma-specific survival (MSSV) decreased significantly with thickness, presence of AU, HMR, and sentinel lymph node disease. These four variables were independent prognostic factors. The five-year MSSV varied between 100% (stage IA) and 39% (stage IIIC). CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of the patients were similar to those published in datasets from continental Europe, although the pigmentary features were darker in those originating from Macaronesia. The prognostic parameters described in the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) independently predict MSSV in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamín González Delgado
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luisa E Gambra Michel
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Cristian Casale
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Lopez Figueroa
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jon Uña Gorospe
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José C Martínez Cedrés
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel A Cabrera Suárez
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sofía Garrido Ríos
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Noelia Hernández Hernández
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tébar Díaz
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Ana Allende Riera
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Perera Molinero
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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19
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Alvarez-Dominguez C, Calderón-Gonzalez R, Terán-Navarro H, Salcines-Cuevas D, Garcia-Castaño A, Freire J, Gomez-Roman J, Rivera F. Dendritic cell therapy in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:386. [PMID: 29114544 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are cancer vaccines used currently as melanoma therapies. They act as adjuvants initiating the immune responses, but not only as they can also have effector activities redirecting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells against melanoma. Ex vivo preparation of monocyte derived DCs has been implemented to produce large numbers of DCs for clinical therapy, highlighting the necessity of activate DC s to produce Th1 cytokines, especially TNF-a and IL-12 with potent anti-tumour actions. Several clinical trials both in the European Union and USA are open currently using DC vaccines, alone or in combination with other immunotherapies. The type of antigen is also an active area of investigation involving tumour antigens and bacterial epitopes, both providing good responses. Bacterial epitopes presented the advantage versus tumour antigens that they can prepare the vaccination site as they induce innate and specific immune responses as they are potent recall antigens that expand cytotoxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hector Terán-Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - David Salcines-Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Almudena Garcia-Castaño
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Freire
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez-Roman
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
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20
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You OH, Shin EA, Lee H, Kim JH, Sim DY, Kim JH, Kim Y, Khil JH, Baek NI, Kim SH. Apoptotic Effect of Astragalin in Melanoma Skin Cancers via Activation of Caspases and Inhibition of Sry-related HMg-Box Gene 10. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1614-1620. [PMID: 28809055 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Though Astragalin (kaempferol-3-glucoside) contained in Paeonia lactiflora and other plants was known to have anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-tumor activity, the anti-tumor mechanism of Astragalin has never been reported in melanomas until now. Thus, in the present study, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of Astragalin isolated from Aceriphyllum rossii was elucidated in A375P and SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. Astragalin exerted cytotoxicity in A375P and SK-MEL-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, Astragalin significantly increased the number of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive cells and sub-G1 population as a feature of apoptosis in A375P and SK-MEL-2 cells compared with untreated control. Consistently, western blotting revealed that Astragalin activated caspase 9/3 and Bax, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and attenuated the expression of cyclin D1, Mcl-1, and Sry-related HMg-Box gene 10 (SOX10) in A375P and SK-MEL-2 cells. Of note, ectopic expression of SOX10 reduced the apoptotic ability of Astragalin to inhibit proliferation, cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspase 3 in A375P and SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence that Astragalin induces apoptosis in A375P and SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells via activation of caspase9/3 and inhibition of SOX10 signaling. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Heui You
- Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Jung Hyo Kim
- Chosun Nursing College, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
| | - Younghwan Kim
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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21
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Calderon-Gonzalez R, Terán-Navarro H, García I, Marradi M, Salcines-Cuevas D, Yañez-Diaz S, Solis-Angulo A, Frande-Cabanes E, Fariñas MC, Garcia-Castaño A, Gomez-Roman J, Penades S, Rivera F, Freire J, Álvarez-Domínguez C. Gold glyconanoparticles coupled to listeriolysin O 91-99 peptide serve as adjuvant therapy against melanoma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10721-10732. [PMID: 28714508 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-based (DC-based) vaccines are promising immunotherapies for cancer. However, several factors, such as the lack of efficient targeted delivery and the sources and types of DCs, have limited the efficacy of DCs and their clinical potential. We propose an alternative nanotechnology-based vaccine platform with antibacterial prophylactic abilities that uses gold glyconanoparticles coupled to listeriolysin O 91-99 peptide (GNP-LLO91-99), which acts as a novel adjuvant for cancer therapy. GNP-LLO91-99, when used to vaccinate mice, exhibited dual antitumour activities, namely, the inhibition of tumour migration and growth and adjuvant activity for recruiting and activating DCs, including those from melanoma patients. GNP-LLO91-99 nanoparticles caused tumour apoptosis and induced antigen- and melanoma-specific cytotoxic Th1 responses (P ≤ 0.5). We propose this adjuvant nanotherapy for preventing the progression of the first stages of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Calderon-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Nanovacunas y vacunas celulares basadas en Listeria y sus aplicaciones en biomedicina, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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22
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Mirjačić Martinović KM, Vuletić AM, Lj. Babović N, Džodić RR, Konjević GM, Jurišić VB. Attenuated in vitro effects of IFN-α, IL-2 and IL-12 on functional and receptor characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in metastatic melanoma patients. Cytokine 2017; 96:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Espinosa E, Soriano V, Malvehy J, Berrocal A, Martínez de Prado P, Quindós M, Soria A, Márquez-Rodas I, Palacio I, Cerezuela P, López-Vivanco G, Alonso L, Samaniego E, Ballesteros A, Puértolas T, Díaz-Beveridge R, de la Cruz-Merino L, López Castro R, López López R, Stevinson K, del Barrio P, Tornamira MV, Guillém V, Martín-Algarra S. Treatment patterns of adjuvant interferon-α2b for high-risk melanoma: a retrospective study of the Grupo Español Multidisciplinar de Melanoma - Prima study. Melanoma Res 2016; 26:278-83. [PMID: 26958991 PMCID: PMC4861701 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) has been studied extensively in clinical trials, but there have been few studies of real-world use. The aim of this study is to describe the IFN-α2b real-world patterns in patients with high-risk melanoma in Spain. This was a retrospective and multicentre chart review study of an unselected cohort of patients with melanoma at high risk for relapse (stage IIB/IIC/III) treated with IFN-α2b. Patterns were assessed in terms of dose and compliance to planned treatment. A survival analysis was carried out for the full population and according to Kirkwood scheme compliance and the presence of ulceration. Of 327 patients treated with IFN-α2b, 318 received a high-dose regimen following the standard Kirkwood scheme; thus, patterns are described for this regimen. A total of 121 (38%) and 88 (28%) patients had at least one dose reduction during the induction and maintenance phases, respectively. Dose delay was required in fewer than 10% of patients. A total of 78, 40 and 38% of the patients completed the induction phase, maintenance phase and completed treatment, respectively. The median progression-free and overall survival for the full population were 3.2 and 10.5 years, respectively. There were no differences in progression-free survival and overall survival according to Kirkwood scheme compliance and the presence of ulceration. The most frequent adverse events were neutropenia (31%) and fatigue (30%). High-dose IFN-α2b is the most frequently used regimen in Spain as an adjuvant systemic treatment for high-risk melanoma. Despite poor compliance, in this retrospective study, IFN-α2b treatment provided a benefit consistent with that described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josep Malvehy
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Alfonso Berrocal
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
| | | | - María Quindós
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Teresa Herrera, La Coruña
| | - Ainara Soria
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal
| | - Iván Márquez-Rodas
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon
| | - Isabel Palacio
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo
| | - Pablo Cerezuela
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena
| | | | - Lorenzo Alonso
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga
| | - Elia Samaniego
- Dermatology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael López Castro
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid
| | - Rafael López López
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela
| | - Kendall Stevinson
- Global Health Outcomes Research, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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Crews J, Agarwal A, Jack L, Xu D, Do DV, Nguyen QD. Ipilimumab-Associated Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016; 46:658-60. [PMID: 26114847 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20150610-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ipilimumab is a novel immunotherapeutic agent that improves survival in patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. With the rising incidence of melanoma, the use of this pharmacologic agent is increasing. However, ipilimumab can be associated with rare but serious systemic adverse events. While the mechanism of these systemic adverse events is immune-related dysfunction, the index case highlights a possible direct ocular adverse event associated with ipilimumab infusion resulting in bilateral serous retinal detachment. Close observation of ocular findings using multimodal imaging analysis can provide insights into possible pathophysiology of the condition and guide further management.
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Nascimento FP, Cardoso MG, Lindsey SC, Kunii IS, Valente FOF, Kizys MML, Delcelo R, Camacho CP, Maciel RMB, Dias-Da-Silva MR. Analysis of somatic mutations in BRAF, CDKN2A/p16 and PI3KCA in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1653-60. [PMID: 26718898 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a neuroendocrine tumor originating from thyroid parafollicular cells, has been demonstrated to be associated with mutations in RET, HRAS, KRAS and NRAS. However, the role of other genes involved in the oncogenesis of neural crest tumors remains to be fully investigated in MTC. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of somatic mutations in BRAF, CDKN2A and PI3KCA in MTC, and to investigate the correlation with disease progression. DNA was isolated from paraffin‑embedded tumors and blood samples from patients with MTC, and the hotspot somatic mutations were sequenced. A total of 2 novel HRAS mutations, p.Asp33Asn and p.His94Tyr, and polymorphisms within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of CDKN2A (rs11515 and rs3088440) were identified, however, no mutations were observed in other genes. It was suggested that somatic point mutations in BRAF, CDKN2A and PI3KCA do not participate in the oncogenesis of MTC. Further studies are required in order to clarify the contribution of the polymorphisms identified in the 3'UTR of CDKN2A in MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício P Nascimento
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Mirian G Cardoso
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Susan C Lindsey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Ilda S Kunii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Flávia O F Valente
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Marina M L Kizys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Rosana Delcelo
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Cléber P Camacho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Magnus R Dias-Da-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
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Zhang J, Na S, Liu C, Pan S, Cai J, Qiu J. MicroRNA-125b suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion by targeting ITGA9 in melanoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5941-9. [PMID: 26596831 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant miRNAs contribute to the development and progression of human melanoma. Previous studies have shown that miR-125b functions as a suppressor in malignant melanoma. However, the molecular function and mechanism by which miR-125b influences melanoma growth and invasion are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-125b in melanoma progression and metastasis. We found that miR-125b expression is significantly downregulated in primary melanoma, and an even greater downregulation was observed in metastatic invasion. Restored expression of miR-125b in melanoma suppressed cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that upregulating miR-125b significantly inhibits malignant phenotypes by repressing the expression of integrin alpha9 (ITGA9). Finally, our data reveal that upregulated expression of ITGA9 in melanoma tissues is inversely associated with miR-125b levels. Together, our results demonstrate that upregulation of ITGA9 in response to the decrease in miR-125b in metastatic melanoma is responsible for melanoma tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Sijia Na
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Junying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Miles SL, Fischer AP, Joshi SJ, Niles RM. Ascorbic acid and ascorbate-2-phosphate decrease HIF activity and malignant properties of human melanoma cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:867. [PMID: 26547841 PMCID: PMC4636772 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is thought to play a role in melanoma carcinogenesis. Posttranslational regulation of HIF-1α is dependent on Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD 1–3) and Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) hydroxylase enzymes, which require ascorbic acid as a co-factor for optimal function. Depleted intra-tumoral ascorbic acid may thus play a role in the loss of HIF-1α regulation in melanoma. These studies assess the ability of ascorbic acid to reduce HIF-1α protein and transcriptional activity in metastatic melanoma and reduce its invasive potential. Methods HIF-1α protein was evaluated by western blot, while transcriptional activity was measured by HIF-1 HRE-luciferase reporter gene activity. Melanoma cells were treated with ascorbic acid (AA) and ascorbate 2-phosphate (A2P) to assess their ability to reduce HIF-1α accumulation and activity. siRNA was used to deplete cellular PHD2 in order to evaluate this effect on AA’s ability to lower HIF-1α levels. A2P’s effect on invasive activity was measured by the Matrigel invasion assay. Data was analyzed by One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, or Student-T test as appropriate, with p < .05 considered significant. Results Supplementation with both AA and A2P antagonized normoxic as well as cobalt chloride- and PHD inhibitor ethyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate induced HIF-1α protein stabilization and transcriptional activity. Knockdown of the PHD2 isoform with siRNA did not impede the ability of AA to reduce normoxic HIF-1α protein. Additionally, reducing HIF-1α levels with A2P resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of the melanoma cells to invade through Matrigel. Conclusion These studies suggest a positive role for AA in regulating HIF-1α in melanoma by demonstrating that supplementation with either AA, or its oxidation-resistant analog A2P, effectively reduces HIF-1α protein and transcriptional activity in metastatic melanoma cells. Our data, while supporting the function of AA as a necessary cofactor for PHD and likely FIH activity, also suggests a potential non-PHD/FIH role for AA in HIF-1α regulation by its continued ability to reduce HIF-1α in the presence of PHD inhibition. The use of the oxidation-resistant AA analog, A2P, to reduce the ability of HIF-1α to promote malignant progression in melanoma cells and enhance their response to therapy warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Adam P Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Sandeep J Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Richard M Niles
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Mirjačić Martinović K, Srdić-Rajić T, Babović N, Džodić R, Jurišić V, Konjević G. Decreased expression of pSTAT, IRF-1 and DAP10 signalling molecules in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:300-6. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sánchez-Escuredo A, Barajas A, Revuelta I, Blasco M, Cofan F, Esforzado N, Ricart MJ, Torregrosa V, Campistol JM, Oppenheimer F, Diekmann F. Kidney transplant from a living monozygotic twin donor with no maintenance immunosuppression. Nefrologia 2015; 35:358-62. [PMID: 26306949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED From a theoretical point of view, an alloimmune response can not take place, still some type of standard immunosuppression is used in about 60% of patients receiving kidney grafts from their monozygotic twins. We aimed at assessing clinical response in patients receiving renal grafts from a living monozygotic twin donor when no immunosuppressive therapy is used. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study of patients receiving kidney grafts from their monozygotic twins from 1969 to 2013. The following data were recorded: age, renal graft recipient's primary disease, renal function, renal survival and overall survival. Immunosuppressive therapy included a single intraoperative dose of methylprednisolone 500 mg and no maintenance immunosuppression. RESULTS Five patients with kidney grafts from their monozygotic twins were dentified in our centre. Mean age at transplantation was 33 years (27-39). One-year overall survival and graft survival were 100%. Mean creatinine level was 0.96 ± 0.2 one year after transplantation, and 1.2 ± 0.37 mg/dl at most recent follow-up. Two patients died with a functional graft more than 15 years after kidney transplantation (causes were melanoma and cardiovascular event respectively). Follow-up was lost in a patient one year after transplantation. Two patients are alive with a functioning graft at 18 months and 42.5 years after transplantation respectively. CONCLUSION Kidney transplantation from a living monozygotic twin is associated to outstanding clinical outcomes. Immunossuppresive therapy to suppress alloimmune response in probably unnecessary 11 zygosity has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Barajas
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Miquel Blasco
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Federic Cofan
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Núria Esforzado
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | | | | | | | | | - Fritz Diekmann
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Zehavi L, Schayek H, Jacob-Hirsch J, Sidi Y, Leibowitz-Amit R, Avni D. MiR-377 targets E2F3 and alters the NF-kB signaling pathway through MAP3K7 in malignant melanoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:68. [PMID: 25889255 PMCID: PMC4392476 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma continues to rise, and once the disease metastasizes it is almost inevitably fatal. We recently reported that a large miRNAs cluster on human chromosome 14q32, implicated in many types of cancers, is significantly down-regulated in melanoma. miR-377, one of the miRNAs located within this cluster, was studied here. Methods qRT-pCR was used to quantify miR-377 levels in melanoma cell lines and samples. Melanoma cell lines ectopically expressing miR-377 were generated by stable transfection, mRNA expression was assessed using mRNA arrays and protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Potential targets of miR-377 were identified through luciferase reporter assays. Cellular proliferation, migration and soft-agar colony formation were monitored in control and miR-377-expressing cells using cell biology techniques. Results miR-377 is expressed in normal melanocytes but not in melanoma cell lines or samples. Its ectopic stable expression in melanoma cell lines decreased their proliferative and migratory capacity and their colony-forming capability. mRNA arrays of melanoma cells over-expressing miR-377 pointed to several down-regulated mRNAs that have putative binding sites for miR-377 in their 3′UTR, of which both E2F3 and MAP3K7 were found to be direct targets of miR-377. E2F3, a potent transcriptional inducer of cell-cycle progression, was found to be elevated in melanoma cell lines, but decreased following ectopic expression of miR-377. Ectopic miR-377 also led to a decrease in the activity of a reporter plasmid containing three E2F DNA-binding sites linked to a luciferase cDNA sequence, demonstrating that miR-377 down-regulates E2F3-induced transcription. MAP3K7 (known as TAK1), a serine/threonine kinase along the MAPK signaling pathway, was over-expressed in melanoma but decreased following ectopic expression of miR-377. MAP3K7 is involved in the activation of NF-κB. MiR-377 over-expression led to decreased activity of a reporter plasmid containing two NF-κB DNA-binding sites and to decreased output along the NF-kB signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results suggest that miR-377 is an important negative regulator of E2F and MAP3K7/NF-kB signaling pathway in melanoma cells; it is tempting to speculate that its silencing in melanoma promotes the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of the cells through activation of these pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0338-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Zehavi
- Center for Cancer Research Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Hagit Schayek
- Center for Cancer Research Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | | | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Center for Cancer Research Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. .,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Raya Leibowitz-Amit
- Center for Cancer Research Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. .,Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Dror Avni
- Center for Cancer Research Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. .,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
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