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Feng Y, Worstell W, Kupinski M, Furenlid LR, Sabet H. Resolution recovery on list mode MLEM reconstruction for dynamic cardiac SPECT system. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 10:10.1088/2057-1976/ad0f40. [PMID: 37995364 PMCID: PMC11162156 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad0f40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The Dynamic Cardiac SPECT (DC-SPECT) system is being developed at the Massachusetts General Hospital, featuring a static cardio focus asymmetrical geometry enabling simultaneous high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging. Among 14 design iterations of the DC-SPECT with varying number of detector heads, system sensitivity and resolution, the current version under development features 10 mm FWHM geometrical resolution (without resolution recovery) and 0.07% sensitivity at the center of the FOV, this is 1.5× resolution gain and 7× sensitivity gain compared to a conventional dual head gamma camera (0.01% sensitivity and 15-mm resolution). This work presents improvement in imaging resolution by implementing a spatially variant point spread function (SV-PSF) with list mode MLEM reconstruction. A resolution recovery method by PSF deconvolution is validated on list mode MLEM reconstruction for the DC-SPECT. A spatial invariant PSF is included as an additional test to show the influence of the PSF modelling accuracy on reconstructed image quality. We compare the MLEM reconstruction with and without PSF deconvolution; an analytic model is used for the calculation of system response, and the results are compared to the reconstruction with system modelling using Monte Carlo (MC) based methods. Results show that with PSF modelling applied, the quality of the reconstructed image is improved, and the DC-SPECT system can achieve a 4.5 mm central spatial resolution with average 795 counts/Mbq. Both the SV-PSF and the spatial-invariant PSF improve the image quality, and the reconstruction with SV-PSF generates line profiles closer to the ground truth. The results show substantial improvement over the GE Discovery 570c performance (7 mm spatial resolution with an average 460 counts/MBq, 5.8 mm resolution at the FOV center). The impact of PSF deconvolution is significant, improvement of the reconstructed image quality is evident in comparison to MC simulated system matrix with the same sampling size in the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Feng
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew Kupinski
- Department of Radiology, and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Lars R Furenlid
- Department of Radiology, and College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Hamid Sabet
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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2
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Pretorius PH, Liu J, Kalluri KS, Jiang Y, Leppo JA, Dahlberg ST, Kikut J, Parker MW, Keating FK, Licho R, Auer B, Lindsay C, Konik A, Yang Y, Wernick MN, King MA. Observer studies of image quality of denoising reduced-count cardiac single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging by three-dimensional Gaussian post-reconstruction filtering and deep learning. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2427-2437. [PMID: 37221409 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to asses perfusion-defect detection-accuracy by human observers as a function of reduced-counts for 3D Gaussian post-reconstruction filtering vs deep learning (DL) denoising to determine if there was improved performance with DL. METHODS SPECT projection data of 156 normally interpreted patients were used for these studies. Half were altered to include hybrid perfusion defects with defect presence and location known. Ordered-subset expectation-maximization (OSEM) reconstruction was employed with the optional correction of attenuation (AC) and scatter (SC) in addition to distance-dependent resolution (RC). Count levels varied from full-counts (100%) to 6.25% of full-counts. The denoising strategies were previously optimized for defect detection using total perfusion deficit (TPD). Four medical physicist (PhD) and six physician (MD) observers rated the slices using a graphical user interface. Observer ratings were analyzed using the LABMRMC multi-reader, multi-case receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) software to calculate and compare statistically the area-under-the-ROC-curves (AUCs). RESULTS For the same count-level no statistically significant increase in AUCs for DL over Gaussian denoising was determined when counts were reduced to either the 25% or 12.5% of full-counts. The average AUC for full-count OSEM with solely RC and Gaussian filtering was lower than for the strategies with AC and SC, except for a reduction to 6.25% of full-counts, thus verifying the utility of employing AC and SC with RC. CONCLUSION We did not find any indication that at the dose levels investigated and with the DL network employed, that DL denoising was superior in AUC to optimized 3D post-reconstruction Gaussian filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hendrik Pretorius
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Junchi Liu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kesava S Kalluri
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Seth T Dahlberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Janusz Kikut
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew W Parker
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert Licho
- UMass Memorial Medical Center - University Campus, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Auer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford Lindsay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Arda Konik
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongyi Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miles N Wernick
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael A King
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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3
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Queiroz CC, Machado MAD, Ximenes AAB, Pino AGS, Netto EM. Technical note: Partitioning of gated single photon emission computed tomography raw data for protocols optimization. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 23:e13508. [PMID: 34918865 PMCID: PMC8906212 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Methodologies for optimization of SPECT image acquisition can be challenging due to imaging throughput, physiological bias, and patient comfort constraints. We evaluated a vendor-independent method for simulating lower count image acquisitions. METHODS We developed an algorithm that recombines the ECG-gated raw data into reduced counting acquisitions. We then tested the algorithm to simulate reduction of counting statistics from phantom SPECT image acquisition, which was synchronized with an ECG simulator. The datasets were reconstructed with a resolution recovery algorithm and the summed stress score (SSS) was assessed by three readers (two experts and one automatic). RESULTS The algorithm generated varying counting levels, simulating multiple examinations at the same time. The error between the expected and the simulated countings ranged from approximately 5% to 10% for the ungated simulations and 0% for the gated simulations. CONCLUSIONS The vendor-independent algorithm successfully generated lower counting statistics datasets from single-gated SPECT raw data. This method can be readily implemented for optimal SPECT research aiming to lower the injected activity and/ or to shorten the acquisition time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton Cavalcante Queiroz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, São Rafael Hospital/ Rede D'or, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardio Pulmonar Hospital/ Rede D'or, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitario Professor Alberto Antunes/Ebserh, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Dorea Machado
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, São Rafael Hospital/ Rede D'or, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardio Pulmonar Hospital/ Rede D'or, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Health Technology Evaluation, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos/Ebserh, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Gustavo Silva Pino
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitario Professor Alberto Antunes/Ebserh, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martins Netto
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos/Ebserh, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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van Dijk JD, Jager PL, van Dalen JA. The next step in standardizing SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:234-235. [PMID: 30972720 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J D van Dijk
- Isala hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - P L Jager
- Isala hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - J A van Dalen
- Isala hospital, Department of Medical Physics, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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5
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Zoccarato O, Matheoud R, Lecchi M, Scabbio C, Claudio M, Brambilla M. Optimal 99mTc activity ratio in the single-day stress-rest myocardial perfusion imaging protocol: A multi-SPECT phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:338-349. [PMID: 32720060 PMCID: PMC7384561 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation used image data generated by an anthropomorphic phantom to determine the minimal 99mTc rest-stress activity concentration ratio (R) able to minimize the ghosting effect in the single-day stress-first myocardial perfusion imaging, using different positions of the perfusion defect (PD), scanners and reconstruction protocols. METHODS A cardiac phantom with a simulated PD was imaged under different R using different gamma cameras and reconstruction algorithms. The residual activity from precedent stress administration was simulated by modeling effective half-times in each compartment of the phantom and assuming a delay of 3 hours between the stress and rest studies. The net contrast (NC) of the PD in the rest study was assessed for different R, PD positions and scanner/software combinations. The optimal R will be the one that minimize the NC in the rest images RESULTS: The activity concentration ratio R, the position of the PD and the scanner/software combinations were all main effects with a statistically significant impact on the NC, in decreasing order of relevance. The NC diminished significantly only for R values up to 2. No further improvement was observed for NC for R values above 2 and up to 3. NC was significantly higher in anteroseptal than in posterolateral positions of the PD and higher for solid-state cameras. CONCLUSIONS A rest-stress activity concentration ratio R of 2 in single-day stress-first myocardial perfusion imaging is enough to achieve the maximum net contrast in the PD. This ratio should be used to optimize patient's radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Zoccarato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno (NO), Veruno, Italy
| | - Roberta Matheoud
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital ‘Maggiore della Carità’, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Lecchi
- Health Physics Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marcassa Claudio
- Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno (NO), Veruno, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital ‘Maggiore della Carità’, Novara, Italy
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Leva L, Matheoud R, Sacchetti G, Carriero A, Brambilla M. Agreement between left ventricular ejection fraction assessed in patients with gated IQ-SPECT and conventional imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1714-1724. [PMID: 30298371 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the agreement between the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values obtained with IQ-SPECT and those obtained with a conventional gamma camera equipped with low-energy high-resolution (LEHR), considered as the method of reference. METHODS Gated-stress MPI using 99mTc-tetrofosmin was performed in 55 consecutive patients. The patients underwent two sequential acquisitions (Method A and B) performed on Symbia-IQ SPECT with different acquisition times and one (Method C) on a Ecam SPECT equipped with LEHR collimators. The values of the different datasets were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis method: the bias and the limits of agreement (LA) were estimated in a head-to-head comparison of the three protocols. RESULTS In the (Method A-Method C) comparison for LVEF, the bias was 3.8% and the LAs ranged from - 9.3% to 16.8%. The agreement was still lower between Method B and C, whilst only slightly improved when Methods A and B were compared. CONCLUSIONS The wide amplitude in LA intervals of about 30% indicates that IQ and LEHR GSPECT are not interchangeable. The values obtained with IQ-SPECT should only be used with caution when evaluating the functional state of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Leva
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Matheoud
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Gianmauro Sacchetti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy.
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Dietze MMA, Kunnen B, Stella M, de Jong HWAM. Monte Carlo-based scatter correction for the SMARTZOOM collimator. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:49. [PMID: 32700063 PMCID: PMC7376766 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial perfusion imaging is a commonly performed SPECT protocol and hence it would be beneficial if its scan duration could be shortened. For traditional gamma cameras, two developments have separately shown to allow for a shortened scan duration: (i) reconstructing with Monte Carlo-based scatter correction instead of dual-energy window scatter correction and (ii) acquiring projections with the SMARTZOOM collimator instead of a parallel-hole collimator. This study investigates which reduction in scan duration can be achieved when both methods are combined in a single system. Results The SMARTZOOM collimator was implemented in a Monte Carlo-based reconstruction package and the implementation was validated through image quality phantom experiments. The potential for scan duration reduction was evaluated with a phantom configuration that is realistic for myocardial perfusion imaging. The original reconstruction quality was achieved in 76 ± 8% of the original scan duration when switching from dual-energy window scatter correction to Monte Carlo-based scatter correction. The original reconstruction quality was achieved in 56 ± 13% of the original scan duration when switching from the parallel-hole to the SMARTZOOM collimator. After combining both methods in a single system, the original reconstruction quality was achieved in 34 ± 7% of the original scan duration. Conclusions Monte Carlo-based scatter correction combined with the SMARTZOOM collimator can further decrease the scan duration in myocardial perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn M A Dietze
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Britt Kunnen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Stella
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo W A M de Jong
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Matsutomo N, Seki H, Hishikawa M, Motegi K, Yamamoto T. Technical Note: Development of an ischemic defect model insert attachable to a commercially available myocardial phantom. Med Phys 2020; 47:4340-4347. [PMID: 32463928 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a novel myocardial phantom insert model that attaches to commercially available myocardial phantoms and simulates an ischemic area, using three-dimensional printing technology. METHODS Ischemic inserts were designed to give four levels of absolute percent contrast (Low; 10%, Medium; 20%, High; 35%, and Defect; 100%) using CT images and computer-aided design software. The ischemic insert was composed of multiple slit structures to replicate myocardial ischemia. Myocardial phantom images with developed ischemic inserts were acquired using a SPECT/CT system and were then reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) with various cutoff frequencies of a Butterworth filter. The performance and utility of ischemic inserts were evaluated according to percent contrast and 5-point scoring. RESULTS The percent contrast and scoring results changed according to the ischemic insert type, cutoff frequency, and reconstruction method. The percent contrast of each insert obtained by FBP with 0.4 cycles/cm was 4.1% (Low), 15.7% (Medium), 17.4% (High), and 36.1% (Defect). Similarly, the percent contrast of each insert obtained by IR with 0.4 cycles/cm was 5.0% (Low), 17.0% (Medium), 21.9% (High), and 47.7% (Defect). CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed an ischemic insert that attaches to a commercially available myocardial phantom by using CT imaging and 3D printing technology. Our proposed ischemic insert provided several abnormal perfusion patterns on myocardial SPECT images and may be useful for evaluating SPECT image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Matsutomo
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Harumi Seki
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hishikawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Kazuki Motegi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, B-307, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
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Abstract
The continuous development of SPECT over the past 50 years has led to improved image quality and increased diagnostic confidence. The most influential developments include the realization of hybrid SPECT/CT devices, as well as the implementation of attenuation correction and iterative image reconstruction techniques. These developments have led to a preference for SPECT/CT devices over SPECT-only systems and to the widespread adoption of the former, strengthening the role of SPECT/CT as the workhorse of Nuclear Medicine imaging. New trends in the ongoing development of SPECT/CT are diverse. For example, whole-body SPECT/CT images, consisting of acquisitions from multiple consecutive bed positions in the manner of PET/CT, are increasingly performed. Additionally, in recent years, some interesting approaches in detector technology have found their way into commercial products. For example, some SPECT cameras dedicated to specific organs employ semiconductor detectors made of cadmium telluride or cadmium zinc telluride, which have been shown to increase the obtainable image quality by offering a higher sensitivity and energy resolution. However, the advent of quantitative SPECT/CT which, like PET, can quantify the amount of tracer in terms of Bq/mL or as a standardized uptake value could be regarded as most important development. It is a major innovation that will lead to increased diagnostic accuracy and confidence, especially in longitudinal studies and in the monitoring of treatment response. The current work comprises two main aspects. At first, physical and technical fundamentals of SPECT image formation are described and necessary prerequisites of quantitative SPECT/CT are reviewed. Additionally, the typically achievable quantitative accuracy based on reports from the literature is given. Second, an extensive list of studies reporting on clinical applications of quantitative SPECT/CT is provided and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ritt
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Okuda K, Nakajima K, Yoneyama H, Shibutani T, Onoguchi M, Matsuo S, Hashimoto M, Kinuya S. Impact of iterative reconstruction with resolution recovery in myocardial perfusion SPECT: phantom and clinical studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19618. [PMID: 31873141 PMCID: PMC6928019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrections of photon attenuation, scatter, and depth-dependent blurring improve image quality in myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging; however, the combined corrections induce artifacts. Here, we present the single correction method of depth-dependent blurring and its impact for myocardial perfusion distribution in phantom and clinical studies. The phantom and clinical patient images were acquired with two conditions: circular and noncircular orbits of gamma cameras yielded constant and variable depth-dependent blurring, respectively. An iterative reconstruction with the correction method of depth-dependent was used to reconstruct the phantom and clinical patient images. We found that the single correction method improved the robustness of phantom images whether the images contained constant or variable depth-dependent blurring. The myocardial perfusion databases generated from 72 normal patients exhibited uniform perfusion distribution of whole myocardium. In summary, the single correction method of depth-dependent blurring with iterative reconstruction is helpful for myocardial perfusion SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okuda
- Department of Physics, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoneyama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibutani
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahisa Onoguchi
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinro Matsuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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Salvadori J, Petegnief Y, Sabbah R, Morel O, Boulahdour H, Karcher G, Marie PY, Imbert L. Compared vulnerabilities to small cardiac motions between different cameras used for myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1313-1322. [PMID: 29327252 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This phantom-based study was aimed to determine whether cardiac CZT-cameras, which provide an enhanced spatial resolution and image contrast compared to Anger cameras, are similarly affected by small cardiac motions. Translations of a left ventricular (LV) insert at half-SPECT acquisitions through six possible orthogonal directions and with 5- or 10-mm amplitude were simulated on the Discovery NM-530c and DSPECT CZT-cameras and on an Anger Symbia T2 camera equipped with an astigmatic (IQ.SPECT) or conventional parallel-hole collimator (Conv.SPECT). SPECT images were initially reconstructed as currently recommended for clinical routine. The heterogeneity in recorded activity from the 17 LV segments gradually increased between baseline and motions simulated at 5- and 10-mm amplitudes with all cameras, although being higher for Anger- than CZT-cameras at each step and resulting in a higher mean number of artifactual abnormal segments (at 10-mm amplitude, Conv.SPECT: 3.7; IQ.SPECT: 1.8, Discovery: 0.7, DSPECT: 0). However, this vulnerability to motion was markedly (1) decreased for Conv.SPECT reconstructed without the recommended Resolution Recovery algorithm and (2) increased for DSPECT reconstructed without the recommended cardiac model. CZT-cameras and especially the DSPECT appear less vulnerable to small cardiac motions than Anger-cameras although these differences are strongly dependent on reconstruction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Salvadori
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Yolande Petegnief
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Remi Sabbah
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Morel
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- CHU-Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Karcher
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme Nancyclotep, 54000, Nancy, France
- Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de Brabois, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marie
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme Nancyclotep, 54000, Nancy, France
- Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de Brabois, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, 54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, UMR-1116 DCAC, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Laetitia Imbert
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
- CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme Nancyclotep, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, UMR-947 IADI, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de Brabois, CHRU-Nancy, Allée du Morvan, 54500, Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Scabbio C, Zoccarato O, Malaspina S, Lucignani G, Del Sole A, Lecchi M. Impact of non-specific normal databases on perfusion quantification of low-dose myocardial SPECT studies. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:775-785. [PMID: 29043555 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of non-specific normal databases on the percent summed rest score (SR%) and stress score (SS%) from simulated low-dose SPECT studies by shortening the acquisition time/projection. METHODS Forty normal-weight and 40 overweight/obese patients underwent myocardial studies with a conventional gamma-camera (BrightView, Philips) using three different acquisition times/projection: 30, 15, and 8 s (100%-counts, 50%-counts, and 25%-counts scan, respectively) and reconstructed using the iterative algorithm with resolution recovery (IRR) AstonishTM (Philips). Three sets of normal databases were used: (1) full-counts IRR; (2) half-counts IRR; and (3) full-counts traditional reconstruction algorithm database (TRAD). The impact of these databases and the acquired count statistics on the SR% and SS% was assessed by ANOVA analysis and Tukey test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Significantly higher SR% and SS% values (> 40%) were found for the full-counts TRAD databases respect to the IRR databases. For overweight/obese patients, significantly higher SS% values for 25%-counts scans (+19%) are confirmed compared to those of 50%-counts scan, independently of using the half-counts or the full-counts IRR databases. CONCLUSIONS AstonishTM requires the adoption of the own specific normal databases in order to prevent very high overestimation of both stress and rest perfusion scores. Conversely, the count statistics of the normal databases seems not to influence the quantification scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orazio Zoccarato
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, I.C.S. Maugeri S.p.A. SB, Scientific Institute of Veruno IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Simona Malaspina
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Sole
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Liga R, Gimelli A. Automatic evaluation of myocardial perfusion on SPECT: Need for "Normality". J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:786-789. [PMID: 29071669 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiac SPECT continues to play a critical role in detecting and managing cardiovascular disease, in particularly coronary artery disease (CAD) (Jaarsma et al 2012 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 59 1719-28), (Agostini et al 2016 Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 43 2423-32). While conventional dual-head SPECT scanners using parallel-hole collimators and scintillation crystals with photomultiplier tubes are still the workhorse of cardiac SPECT, they have the limitations of low photon sensitivity (~130 count s-1 MBq-1), poor image resolution (~15 mm) (Imbert et al 2012 J. Nucl. Med. 53 1897-903), relatively long acquisition time, inefficient use of the detector, high radiation dose, etc. Recently our field observed an exciting growth of new developments of dedicated cardiac scanners and collimators, as well as novel imaging algorithms for quantitative cardiac SPECT. These developments have opened doors to new applications with potential clinical impact, including ultra-low-dose imaging, absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR), multi-radionuclide imaging, and improved image quality as a result of attenuation, scatter, motion, and partial volume corrections (PVCs). In this article, we review the recent advances in cardiac SPECT instrumentation and imaging methods. This review mainly focuses on the most recent developments published since 2012 and points to the future of cardiac SPECT from an imaging physics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, United States of America
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Juan Ramon A, Yang Y, Pretorius PH, Slomka PJ, Johnson KL, King MA, Wernick MN. Investigation of dose reduction in cardiac perfusion SPECT via optimization and choice of the image reconstruction strategy. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:2117-2128. [PMID: 28537039 PMCID: PMC9407649 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the extent to which the administered dose (activity) level can be reduced without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy for three reconstruction strategies for SPECT-myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). METHODS We optimized the parameters of the three reconstruction strategies for perfusion-defect detection over a range of simulated administered dose levels using a set of hybrid studies (derived from 190 subjects) consisting of clinical SPECT-MPI data modified to contain realistic simulated lesions. The optimized strategies we considered are filtered backprojection (FBP) with no correction for degradations, ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OS-EM) with attenuation correction (AC), scatter correction (SC), and resolution correction (RC), and OS-EM with scatter and resolution correction only. Each study was evaluated using a total perfusion deficit (TPD) score computed by the Quantitative Perfusion SPECT (QPS) software package. We conducted a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) study based on the TPD scores for each dose level and reconstruction strategy. RESULTS For FBP, the achieved optimum values of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of standard dose were 0.75, 0.74, 0.72, and 0.70, respectively, compared to 0.81, 0.79, 0.76, and 0.74 for OS-EM with AC-SC-RC and 0.78, 0.77, 0.74, 0.72 for OS-EM with SC-RC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that studies reconstructed by OS-EM with AC-SC-RC could possibly be reduced, on average, to 25% of the originally administered dose without causing diagnostic accuracy (AUC) to decrease below that of FBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Juan Ramon
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Yongyi Yang
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Hendrik Pretorius
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael A King
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Miles N Wernick
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lecchi M, Del Sole A. The long way to dose reduction in myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:2129-2132. [PMID: 28667453 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lecchi
- Health Physics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Sole
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Charest M, Asselin C. Effective Dose in Nuclear Medicine Studies and SPECT/CT: Dosimetry Survey Across Quebec Province. J Nucl Med Technol 2017; 46:107-113. [PMID: 29273698 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.202879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to draw a portrait of the delivered dose in selected nuclear medicine studies in Québec province and to assess the degree of change between an earlier survey performed in 2010 and a later survey performed in 2014. Methods: Each surveyed nuclear medicine department had to complete 2 forms: the first, about the administered activity in selected nuclear medicine studies, and the second, about the CT parameters used in SPECT/CT imaging, if available. The administered activities were converted into effective doses using the most recent conversion factors. Diagnostic reference levels were computed for each imaging procedure to obtain a benchmark for comparison. Results: The distributions of administered activity in various nuclear medicine studies, along with the corresponding distribution of the effective doses, were determined. Excluding 131I for thyroid studies, 67Ga-citrate for infectious workups, and combined stress and rest myocardial perfusion studies, the remainder of the 99mTc-based studies delivered average effective doses clustered below 10 mSv. Between the 2010 survey and the 2014 survey, there was a statistically significant decrease in delivered dose from 18.3 to 14.5 mSv. 67Ga-citrate studies for infectious workups also showed a significant decrease in delivered dose from 31.0 to 26.2 mSv. The standardized CT portion of SPECT/CT studies yielded a mean effective dose 14 times lower than the radiopharmaceutical portion of the study. Conclusion: Between 2010 and 2014, there was a significant decrease in the delivered effective dose in myocardial perfusion and 67Ga-citrate studies. The CT portions of the surveyed SPECT/CT studies contributed a relatively small fraction of the total delivered effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Charest
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
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Zoccarato O, Marcassa C, Lizio D, Leva L, Lucignani G, Savi A, Scabbio C, Matheoud R, Lecchi M, Brambilla M. Differences in polar-map patterns using the novel technologies for myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1626-1636. [PMID: 27233252 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New technologies are available in MPI. Our aim was to evaluate their impact on the uniformity of normal myocardial uptake in the polar-map representation, over different count statistics, with and without the attenuation (AC) and scatter corrections (SC). METHODS A phantom study was performed using 5 Anger gamma cameras with filtered back projection or iterative reconstruction with resolution recovery (IRR), with or without SCAC; a D530c, with or without AC; and a D-SPECT. Count statistics ranged up to a quarter of the reference for the conventional gamma cameras and up to one half for the advanced scanners. Using polar maps, the segmental uptakes and their uncertainties, the 'global uniformity' of polar maps expressed as the coefficient of variation (COV) among the segmental uptakes and the anterior/inferior (ANT/INF) ratio were calculated. RESULTS Both segmental uptakes and their uncertainties did not depend on the count statistics in the range studied. An increase in the segmental uptakes was found from IRR to IRR + SCAC (78.0% ± 13.5% vs 86.1% ± 9.4%; P < .0001). COV was lower for D-SPECT (10.1% ± 0.5%) and after SCAC for both conventional (9.9% ± 3.0%) and advanced systems (8.9% ± 1.7%). The ANT/INF ratio was above 1 for IRR (1.12 ± 0.07) and fell slightly below 1 for IRR + SCAC (0.97 ± 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To compare data from the analysis of polar maps across different systems will require the adoption of specific normality databases, developed for each system and reconstruction method employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Zoccarato
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcassa
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Domenico Lizio
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Lucia Leva
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Annarita Savi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Scabbio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Matheoud
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Lecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy.
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of Novara, Novara, Italy.
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Brambilla M, Lecchi M, Matheoud R, Leva L, Lucignani G, Marcassa C, Zoccarato O. Comparative analysis of iterative reconstruction algorithms with resolution recovery and new solid state cameras dedicated to myocardial perfusion imaging. Phys Med 2017; 41:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Okamura T, Yamada Y, Yamada M, Yamazaki A, Shiraga N, Jinzaki M. Image quality of virtual monochromatic images obtained using 320-detector row CT: A phantom study evaluating the effects of iterative reconstruction and body size. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:212-221. [PMID: 28987670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the image quality between virtual monochromatic spectral (VMS) images obtained using 320-row detector CT and polychromatic 120-kVp images reconstructed with or without iterative reconstruction using various phantom sizes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Torso phantoms simulating three patient sizes and containing four syringes filled with water or different contrast media (5, 10, 15mgI/mL15mgI/ml) were used. The phantoms were scanned using dual-energy (80/135-kVp) and single-energy (120-kVp) protocols at different settings (20mGy, 12mGy, and 6mGy). VMS images were generated at 1-keV intervals (range, 35-135keV). Both the VMS images and the single-energy 120-kVp images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D (AIDR-3D). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were assessed. RESULTS Using FBP reconstruction, the SNR and CNR of the VMS images were lower than or similar to those of the 120-kVp images for most dose settings. Using AIDR-3D reconstruction, however, the 70-keV VMS images had higher SNRs and CNRs than the 120-kVp images at most settings. CONCLUSIONS The image quality of VMS images with FBP reconstruction tended to be lower than that of the 120-kVp images. With the use of AIDR-3D, however, approximately 70-keV VMS images had a higher image quality than the 120-kVp images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Okamura
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Research Park, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Yamazaki
- Department of Radiological Technology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Shiraga
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Lecchi M, Martinelli I, Zoccarato O, Maioli C, Lucignani G, Del Sole A. Comparative analysis of full-time, half-time, and quarter-time myocardial ECG-gated SPECT quantification in normal-weight and overweight patients. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:876-887. [PMID: 26911365 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of a camera-based dose-reduction strategy in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) clinical setting entails the definition of objective and reproducible criteria for establishing the amount of activity to be injected. AIM The aim is to evaluate the impact of count statistics on the estimation of summed-scores (SS), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF). METHODS Data rest/stress ECG-gated SPECT (2-day protocol and 8 MBq·kg-1) were acquired with Bright View gamma camera and Astonish algorithm for 40 normal-weight and 40 overweight patients. Assuming that count statistics of shorter acquisition time may simulate that of lower injected activity, three simultaneous scans (full-time, half-time, and quarter-time scans) were started at the same time but with different acquisition time/projection (30, 15 and 8 seconds). RESULTS A significant difference between SS values of half-time and quarter-time stress scans was found for overweight group (P = .006). Post hoc test showed significant differences for ESV (P < .05), EDV (P < .01) and EF (P < .05) between half-time and quarter-time scans for both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of the count-statistics to a quarter of the MPI reference influenced negatively the quantification in overweight patients. The decrease of radiopharmaceutical activity to 25% of the reference seems practicable for normal-weight patients, while it is more appropriate an activity reduction limited to 50% for overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lecchi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - I Martinelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - O Zoccarato
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - C Maioli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Del Sole
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudini, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
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Matheoud R, Lecchi M, Lizio D, Scabbio C, Marcassa C, Leva L, Del Sole A, Rodella C, Indovina L, Bracco C, Brambilla M, Zoccarato O. Comparative analysis of iterative reconstruction algorithms with resolution recovery and time of flight modeling for 18F-FDG cardiac PET: A multi-center phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1036-1045. [PMID: 26758376 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality in cardiac 18F-FDG PET using the time of flight (TOF) and/or point spread function (PSF) modeling in the iterative reconstruction (IR). METHODS Three scanners and an anthropomorphic cardiac phantom with an insert simulating a transmural defect (TD) were used. Two sets of scans (with/without TD) were acquired, and four reconstruction schemes were considered: (1) IR; (2) IR + PSF, (3) IR + TOF, and (4) IR + TOF + PSF. LV wall thickness (FWHM), contrast between LV wall and inner chamber (C IC), and TD contrast in LV wall (C TD) were evaluated. RESULTS Tests of the reconstruction protocols showed a decrease in FWHM from IR (13 mm) to IR + PSF (11 mm); an increase in the C IC from IR (65%) to IR + PSF (71%) and from IR + TOF (72%) to IR + TOF + PSF (77%); and an increase in the C TD from IR + PSF (72%) to IR + TOF (75%) and to IR + TOF + PSF (77%). Tests of the scanner/software combinations showed a decrease in FWHM from Gemini_TF (13 mm) to Biograph_mCT (12 mm) and to Discovery_690 (11 mm); an increase in the C IC from Gemini_TF (65%) to Biograph_mCT (73%) and to Discovery_690 (75%); and an increase in the C TD from Gemini_TF/Biograph_mCT (72%) to Discovery_690 (77%). CONCLUSION The introduction of TOF and PSF increases image quality in cardiac 18F-FDG PET. The scanner/software combinations exhibit different performances, which should be taken into consideration when making cross comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Matheoud
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Lecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Lizio
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Scabbio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcassa
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Lucia Leva
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Sole
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Rodella
- Health Physics Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Indovina
- Department of Medical Physics, Polyclinic Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Bracco
- Medical Physics Department, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Novara, Italy.
| | - Orazio Zoccarato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Marcassa C, Zoccarato O. Advances in image reconstruction software in nuclear cardiology: Is all that glitters gold? J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:142-144. [PMID: 27220879 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cornerstone results of nuclear cardiology in the last 25 years were obtained with the Filtered Back Projection as the preferred reconstruction method for tomographic studies. Recently, evolution of the OSEM iterative reconstruction algorithms was implemented by different vendors. The value and limitations of the new methods are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Marcassa
- Cardiology Department, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno (NO), via Revislate 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy.
| | - Orazio Zoccarato
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno (NO), Veruno, NO, Italy
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Chono T, Onoguchi M, Shibutani T, Hashimoto A, Nakata T, Yama N, Tsuchihashi K, Hatakenaka M. Improvement in automated quantitation of myocardial perfusion abnormality by using iterative reconstruction image in combination with resolution recovery, attenuation and scatter corrections for the detection of coronary artery disease. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 31:181-189. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy dosimetry: optimal use of SPECT and SPECT/CT technologies in stress-first imaging protocol. Clin Transl Imaging 2016; 4:491-498. [PMID: 27933282 PMCID: PMC5118398 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-016-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Over the past decade, nuclear medicine experts have been seeking to minimize patient exposure to radiation in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS). This review describes the latest technological innovations in MPS, particularly with regard to dose reduction. Methods We searched in PubMed for original clinical papers in English, published after 2008, using the following research criteria: (dose) and ((reduction) or (reducing)) and ((myocardial) or (cardiac) or (heart)) and ((nuclear medicine) or (nuclear imaging) or (radionuclide) or (scintigraphy) or (SPET) or (SPECT)). Thereafter, recent reviews on the topic were considered and other relevant clinical papers were added to the results. Results Of 202 non-duplicate articles, 17 were included. To these, another eight papers cited in recent reviews were added. By optimizing the features of software, i.e., through algorithms for iterative reconstruction with resolution recovery (IRRs), and hardware, i.e., scanners and collimators, and by preferring, unless otherwise indicated, the use of stress-first imaging protocols, it has become possible to reduce the effective dose by at least 50% in stress/rest protocols, and by up to 89% in patients undergoing a diagnostic stress-only study with new technology. With today’s SPECT/CT systems, the use of a stress-first protocol can conveniently be performed, resulting in an overall dose reduction of about 35% if two-thirds of stress-first examinations were considered definitively normal. Conclusion Using innovative gamma cameras, collimators and software, as well as, unless otherwise indicated, stress-first imaging protocols, it has become possible to reduce significantly the effective dose in a high percentage of patients, even when X-ray CT scanning is performed for attenuation correction.
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Development of a myocardial phantom and analysis system toward the standardization of myocardial SPECT image across institutions. Ann Nucl Med 2016; 30:699-707. [PMID: 27544378 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-016-1113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed a novel myocardial phantom and analysis program to standardize using a quantitative index to objectively evaluate the image quality. We aimed to reveal whether our proposed phantom and analysis program are suitable for image standardization. METHODS An evaluation system of myocardial image based on technical grounds (EMIT) phantom was developed to standardize the image quality of myocardial SPECT and was constructed with the lung and myocardium in the thorax phantom; the myocardial phantom included five normal areas and eight defective areas with four defects in size (5, 10, 15, and 20 mm) and four defects in thickness (10, 7.5, 5, and 2.5 mm). Therefore, this phantom was appropriate to simultaneously simulate eight different defects and normal myocardium. The %rate value, calculated using the region of interest method, and the %count value, calculated from the profile method, were automatically analyzed to evaluate myocardial defects. The phantom was validated using difference in count levels and filter parameters compared with those in previously reported models. RESULTS The average %count of eight defects by 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 cycles/cm were 56.8, 47.4, 44.3, and 43.4 %, respectively, whereas the %count for 0.3 cycles/cm was significantly higher than that for 0.5 and 0.6 cycles/cm. The uniformity between full- and half-time images was 16.5 ± 4.2 and 18.7 ± 5.5 % for integral uniformity and 3.4 ± 1.2 and 3.4 ± 1.3 % for differential uniformity, respectively, revealing a significant difference in integral uniformity between the two acquisition times. Visual differences in defects were evident in full-time images between 0.30 and 0.50 cycles/cm, and defect detectability of the myocardial image at 0.30 cycles/cm was poor. Normal myocardial thickness widened in comparison with images at 0.50 cycles/cm. Compared with full-time myocardial image at the same cut-off frequency, the half-time myocardial image demonstrated inhomogeneous distribution and thickness of the normal myocardium. CONCLUSION We developed a new phantom and program to standard image quality among multicenter for myocardial SPECT. The EMIT phantom and quantitative indices were useful for evaluating image quality. The physical characteristics of the image quality, including defects and uniformity, were properly measured by this method.
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Zoccarato O, Lizio D, Savi A, Indovina L, Scabbio C, Leva L, Del Sole A, Marcassa C, Matheoud R, Lecchi M, Brambilla M. Comparative analysis of cadmium-zincum-telluride cameras dedicated to myocardial perfusion SPECT: A phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:885-93. [PMID: 26134885 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation used image data generated by an anthropomorphic phantom with a cardiac insert for a comparison between two solid state cameras: D-SPECT and D530c. METHODS For each camera, two sets (with and without a simulated transmural defect (TD)) of scans were acquired starting from the in vivo standard count statistics in the left ventricle (LV). Other two acquisitions corresponding to 150% and 50% of the reference count statistics were acquired. Five performance indices related to spatial resolution, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were analyzed. RESULTS D-SPECT showed a lower LV wall thickness and an inferior sharpness than D530c. No significant differences were found in terms of contrast between LV wall and the inner cavity, TD contrast or CNR. No significant differences were observed in CNR when moving from the reference level of count statistics down to 50% or up to 150% of the counts acquired on the LV. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that D-SPECT and D530c have different performances. The lack of differences in the image performance indices along the range of count statistics explored, indicates that there is the possibility for a further reduction in the injected activity and/or the acquisition time, for both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Zoccarato
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Domenico Lizio
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Annarita Savi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Indovina
- Department of Medical Physics, Polyclinic Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Scabbio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Leva
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Sole
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcassa
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Roberta Matheoud
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Lecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Departments of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy.
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of Novara, Novara, Italy.
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Marcassa C, Zoccarato O. Radiation Dose Reduction from Radionuclide Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-015-9364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Feasibility of one-eighth time gated myocardial perfusion SPECT functional imaging using IQ-SPECT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1920-8. [PMID: 26227534 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE IQ-SPECT, an add-on to general purpose cameras based on multifocal collimation, can reduce myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) acquisition times to one-fourth that of standard procedures (to 12 s/view). In a phantom study, a reduction of the acquisition time to one-eighth of the standard time (to 6 s/view) was demonstrated as feasible. It remains unclear whether such a reduction could be extended to clinical practice. METHODS Fifty patients with suspected or diagnosed CAD underwent a 2-day stress-rest (99m)Tc-sestamibi MPI protocol. Two consecutive SPECT acquisitions (6 and 12 s/view) were performed. Electrocardiogram-gated images were reconstructed with and without attenuation correction (AC). Polar maps were generated and visually scored by two blinded observers for image quality and perfusion in 17 segments. Global and regional summed stress score (SSS), summed rest score (SRS) and summed difference score (SDS) were determined. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were calculated based on automated contour detection. RESULTS Image quality was scored higher with the 12 s/view acquisition, both with and without AC. Summed scores were statistically comparable between the 6 s/view and the 12 s/view acquisition, both globally and in individual coronary territories (e.g. in images with AC, SSS were 6.6 ± 8.3 and 6.2 ± 8.2 with 6 s and 12 s/view, respectively, p = 0.10; SRS were 3.9 ± 5.6 and 3.5 ± 5.3, respectively, p = 0.19; and SDS were 2.8 ± 5.7 and 2.6 ± 5.7, respectively, p = 0.59). Both acquisitions allowed MPI-based diagnosis of CAD in 25 of the 50 patients (with AC). Calculated end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were modestly higher with the 6 s/view acquisition than with the 12 s/view acquisition (EDV +4.8 ml at rest and +3.7 ml after stress, p = 0.003; ESV +4.1 ml at rest and +2.6 ml after stress, p = 0.01), whereas the ejection fraction did not differ (-1.2 % at rest, p = 0.20, and -0.9 % after stress, p = 0.27). CONCLUSION Image quality and LV functional parameters obtained with a one-eighth acquisition time were statistically comparable to the previously validated one-fourth time protocol using IQ-SPECT. Shorter acquisition times without loss of diagnostic accuracy provide improved patient comfort and streamlined departmental efficiency.
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Caobelli F, Ren Kaiser S, Thackeray JT, Bengel FM, Chieregato M, Soffientini A, Pizzocaro C, Savelli G, Guerra UP, Galelli M, Zoccarato O. The importance of a correct positioning of the heart using IQ-SPECT system with multifocal collimators in myocardial perfusion imaging: a phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:57-65. [PMID: 25273670 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently validated a quarter-time protocol in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging named IQ-SPECT, whose basic principle is to implement a multifocal collimator; However, in clinical practice, it may sometimes be difficult to center the heart in the region of highest magnification of the multifocal collimators (the so-called sweet spot). We therefore aimed to evaluate whether a heart mispositioning may affect results in MPI. METHODS We simulated a rest study with an anthropomorphic phantom with an in vivo distribution of 400 MBq [(99m)Tc]tetrofosmin, with and without a transmural defect (TD). For each set of images, we performed 5 acquisitions, one with a correct centering and with other 4 degrees of mispositioning. Raw data and reconstructed images were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, including no corrections, correction for attenuation, for scatter or for both. We assessed polar plot uniformity, LV wall thickness, and TD and cavity contrast. RESULTS Images obtained either with a correct heart centering or with mild misposition showed no differences, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Those obtained with major mispositioning differed in uniformity and TD contrast depending on correction parameters. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating how a heart mispositioning can affect diagnostic accuracy with IQ-SPECT system. Mild-to-moderate mispositioning (≤2.5 cm) is unlikely to significantly affect results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Caobelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy. ; Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Caobelli F, Kaiser SR, Thackeray JT, Bengel FM, Chieregato M, Soffientini A, Pizzocaro C, Savelli G, Galelli M, Guerra UP. IQ SPECT Allows a Significant Reduction in Administered Dose and Acquisition Time for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Evidence from a Phantom Study. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:2064-70. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.143560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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