1
|
Ositelu K, Abraham S, Okwuosa IS. Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Utilizing Cardiac MRI and PET-CT. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02093-8. [PMID: 39012548 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW Cardiac sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition that has been associated with deleterious cardiac manifestations. The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is challenging and can be guided by advanced cardiac imaging. RECENT FINDINGS Endomyocardial biopsy lacks sensitivity in confirming a diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Studies have shown that the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac Positron Emission Testing (PET) are associated with increased sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Cardiac MRI and cardiac PET CT, although distinct entities, are complimentary in the diagnosis, prognostication of major cardiac events, and aid in the treatment algorithm in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamari Ositelu
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonu Abraham
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ike S Okwuosa
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han YH, Hwang JH, Choi Y, Lee CS. Comparative analysis of F-18 FDG PET/CT images between scrub typhus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15264. [PMID: 38961124 PMCID: PMC11222476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging to differentiate between scrub typhus and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients presenting with lymphadenopathy. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 18 scrub typhus patients and seven SLE patients, using various imaging parameters, including lymph node size, spleen and liver lengths, the distance between the two farthest lesions (Dmax), and assessments of glucose metabolism. On FDG PET images, we measured the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver and the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the liver and spleen. The Dmax values of scrub typhus patients were significantly longer than those of SLE patients, indicating that lymphadenopathy is more generalized in the patients with scrub typhus. The SUVmax values for the lymph node, spleen, and liver were also higher in patients with scrub typhus, while the SUVmean of the liver and spleen did not differ between the two groups. This study is the first to compare FDG PET/CT images between these two conditions, suggesting the potential of this imaging modality to provide critical diagnostic distinctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Research Center, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Bortoli A, Nordøy I, Connelly JP, Viermyr HK, Bjerkreim RH, Broch K, Olsen PAS, Gude E, Fevang B, Jørgensen SF, Trøseid M, Steen T, Aukrust P, Andreassen AK, Skarpengland T. Diagnostics, treatment and outcomes of cardiac sarcoidosis in a Norwegian cohort. Int J Cardiol 2024; 400:131809. [PMID: 38272129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based guidelines for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) regarding use of second- and third-line agents, treatment duration, surveillance and prognostic factors are lacking. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, monitoring and clinical outcomes in a Norwegian cohort. METHODS Using discharge diagnoses between 2017 through 2020 from a large tertiary center, we identified 52 patients with CS. We performed a systematic chart review following a pre-specified checklist. The primary outcome of major cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as a composite of cardiovascular hospitalization, defibrillator therapy, cardiac transplantation, or death. RESULTS 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed pathological tracer uptake in 35/36 (97%) of immunosuppression-naïve patients. Immunosuppressive treatment was administered to 49/52 patients (94%) for a median of 43 (IQR 34) months; 69% were treated with second-line (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil) and 25% with third-line (rituximab, infliximab) agents, respectively. Rituximab reduced inflammation as assessed by interval FDG-PET imaging and was overall well tolerated. Median duration to first MACE was 6 (IQR 10) months and 17/23 patients (74%) experienced a MACE within 12 months from CS diagnosis. No mortality was recorded and 20% achieved full remission. Age below the median of 53 years at time of diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of a MACE. CONCLUSION Long-term immunosuppression including a liberal use of non-steroidal agents, appeared essential in treating CS. Although the burden of cardiovascular events was substantial, the survival was excellent in this contemporary cohort. Prospective randomized studies are urgently needed to define the best therapy for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Bortoli
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ingvild Nordøy
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - James Patrick Connelly
- Division for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Kittil Viermyr
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Randi Haukaas Bjerkreim
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | | | - Einar Gude
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Silje F Jørgensen
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torkel Steen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne K Andreassen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shrivastav R, Hajra A, Krishnan S, Bandyopadhyay D, Ranjan P, Fuisz A. Evaluation and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis with Advanced Imaging. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:475-489. [PMID: 37714588 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A high clinical suspicion in the setting of appropriate history, physical exam, laboratory, and imaging parameters is often required to set the groundwork for diagnosis and management. Echocardiography may show septal thinning, evidence of systolic and diastolic dysfunction, along with impaired global longitudinal strain. Cardiac MRI reveals late gadolinium enhancement along with evidence of myocardial edema and inflammation on T2 weighted imaging and parametric mapping. 18F-FDG PET detects the presence of active inflammation and the presence of scar. Involvement of the right ventricle on MRI or PET confers a high risk for adverse cardiac events and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Shrivastav
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, Clark Building, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Adrija Hajra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1825 Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Suraj Krishnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Hospital/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Pragya Ranjan
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| | - Anthon Fuisz
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vis R, Mathijssen H, Keijsers RGM, van de Garde EMW, Veltkamp M, Akdim F, Post MC, Grutters JC. Prednisone vs methotrexate in treatment naïve cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1543-1553. [PMID: 36640249 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Side effects limit the long-term use of glucocorticoids in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), and methotrexate has gained attention as steroid sparing agent although the supporting evidence is poor. This study compared prednisone monotherapy, methotrexate monotherapy or a combination of both, in the reduction of myocardial Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and clinical stabilization of CS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study, 61 newly diagnosed and treatment naïve CS patients commenced treatment with prednisone (N = 21), methotrexate (N = 30) or prednisone and methotrexate (N = 10) between January 2010 and December 2017. Primary outcome was metabolic response on FDG PET/CT and secondary outcomes were treatment patterns, major adverse cardiovascular events, left ventricular ejection fraction, biomarkers and side effects. At a median treatment duration of 6.2 [5.7-7.2] months, 71.4% of patients were FDG PET/CT responders, and the overall myocardial maximum standardized uptake value decreased from 6.9 [5.0-10.1] to 3.4 [2.1-4.7] (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups. During 24 months of follow-up, 7 patients (33.3%; prednisone), 6 patients (20.0%; methotrexate) and 1 patient (10.0%; combination group) experienced at least one major adverse cardiovascular event (P = 0.292). Left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved in all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Significant suppression of cardiac FDG uptake occurred in CS patients after 6 months of prednisone, methotrexate or combination therapy. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes during follow-up. These results warrant further investigation of methotrexate treatment in CS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Vis
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Harold Mathijssen
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth G M Keijsers
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ewoudt M W van de Garde
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fatima Akdim
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C Post
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsujimoto M, Fukushima A, Kawai H, Watanabe M, Tanahashi S, Sarai M, Toyama H. Volume-based 18 F-FDG PET analysis of cardiac sarcoidosis using the descending aorta as a reference tissue. Nucl Med Commun 2023; 44:390-396. [PMID: 36862425 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18 F-FDG PET can be used to calculate the threshold value of myocardial volume based on the mean standardised uptake value (SUV mean ) of the aorta to detect highly integrated regions of cardiac sarcoidosis. The present study investigated the myocardial volume when the position and number of volumes of interest (VOIs) were changed in the aorta. METHODS The present study examined PET/computed tomography images of 47 consecutive cardiac sarcoidosis cases. VOIs were set at three locations in the myocardium and aorta (descending thoracic aorta, superior hepatic margin and near the pre-branch of the common iliac artery). The volume was calculated for each threshold using 1.1-1.5 times the SUV mean (median of three cross-sections) of the aorta as the threshold to detect high myocardial 18 F-FDG accumulation. The detected volume, correlation coefficient with the visually manually measured volume and the relative error were also calculated. RESULTS The optimum threshold value for detecting high 18 F-FDG accumulation was 1.4 times that of the single cross-section of the aorta and showed the smallest relative errors of 33.84% and 25.14% and correlation coefficients of 0.974 and 0.987 for single and three cross-sections, respectively. CONCLUSION The SUV mean of the descending aorta may be detected in good agreement with the visual high accumulation by multiplying the same threshold constant for both single and multiple cross-sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Toyama
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng J, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Ruan Q, Wang Q, Zhang J. Preparation and Bioevaluation of a Novel 99mTc-Labeled Glucose Derivative Containing Cyclohexane as a Promising Tumor Imaging Agent. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040612. [PMID: 37111368 PMCID: PMC10144323 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel tumor imaging agents with high tumor uptake and excellent tumor/non-target ratios, a glucose derivative containing cyclohexane (CNMCHDG) was synthesized and labeled with Tc-99m. [99mTc]Tc-CNMCHDG was prepared by a kit formulation that was straightforward to operate and fast. Without purification, [99mTc]Tc-CNMCHDG had a high radiochemical purity of over 95% and great in vitro stability and hydrophilicity (log P = -3.65 ± 0.10). In vitro cellular uptake studies showed that the uptake of [99mTc]Tc-CNMCHDG was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with D-glucose and increased by pre-treatment with insulin. Preliminary cellular studies have demonstrated that the mechanism by which the complex enters into cells may be related to GLUTs. The results of biodistribution and SPECT imaging studies displayed high tumor uptake and good retention of [99mTc]Tc-CNMCHDG in A549 tumor-bearing mice (4.42 ± 0.36%ID/g at 120 min post-injection). Moreover, [99mTc]Tc-CNMCHDG exhibited excellent tumor-to-non-target ratios and a clean imaging background and is a potential candidate for clinical transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qianna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sperry BW, Bateman TM, Akin EA, Bravo PE, Chen W, Dilsizian V, Hyafil F, Khor YM, Miller RJH, Slart RHJA, Slomka P, Verberne H, Miller EJ, Liu C. Hot spot imaging in cardiovascular diseases: an information statement from SNMMI, ASNC, and EANM. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:626-652. [PMID: 35864433 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This information statement from the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, and European Association of Nuclear Medicine describes the performance, interpretation, and reporting of hot spot imaging in nuclear cardiology. The field of nuclear cardiology has historically focused on cold spot imaging for the interpretation of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Hot spot imaging has been an important part of nuclear medicine, particularly for oncology or infection indications, and the use of hot spot imaging in nuclear cardiology continues to expand. This document focuses on image acquisition and processing, methods of quantification, indications, protocols, and reporting of hot spot imaging. Indications discussed include myocardial viability, myocardial inflammation, device or valve infection, large vessel vasculitis, valve calcification and vulnerable plaques, and cardiac amyloidosis. This document contextualizes the foundations of image quantification and highlights reporting in each indication for the cardiac nuclear imager.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Sperry
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, 4401 Wornall Rd, Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA.
| | - Timothy M Bateman
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, 4401 Wornall Rd, Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA
| | - Esma A Akin
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paco E Bravo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wengen Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, DMU IMAGINA, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yiu Ming Khor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert J H Miller
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Slomka
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hein Verberne
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward J Miller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Patel VN, Pieper JA, Poitrasson-Rivière A, Kopin D, Cascino T, Aaronson K, Murthy VL, Koelling T. The prognostic value of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:2460-2470. [PMID: 34505261 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prognostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients undergoing evaluation for known or suspected cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) while not on active immunotherapy. BACKGROUND Previous studies have attempted to identify the value of PET imaging to aid in risk stratification of patients with CS, however, most cohorts have included patients currently on immunosuppression, which may confound scan results by suppressing positive findings. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 197 patients not on immunosuppression who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scans for evaluation of known or suspected CS. The primary endpoint of the study was time to ventricular arrhythmia (VT/VF), or death. Candidate predictors were identified by univariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Independent predictors were identified by performing multivariable Cox regression with stepwise forward selection. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 531 [IQR 309, 748] days. 41 patients met the primary endpoint. After stepwise forward selection, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, P = 0.02), history of VT/VF (HR 4.19, 95% CI 2.15-8.17, P < 0.001), and summed rest score (SRS) (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.12, P = 0.01) were predictive of the primary endpoint. Quantitative and qualitative measures of FDG uptake on PET were not predictive of clinical events. CONCLUSIONS Among untreated patients who underwent PET scans to evaluate known or suspected CS, LVEF, history of VT/VF, and SRS were associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaiibhav N Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Pieper
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ross Heart Hospital, The Ohio State University, 452 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | | | - David Kopin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Cascino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith Aaronson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd Koelling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park J, Young BD, Miller EJ. Potential novel imaging targets of inflammation in cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:2171-2187. [PMID: 34734365 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality, with a pathognomonic feature of non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. While 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established modality to image inflammation and diagnose CS, there are limitations to its specificity and reproducibility. Imaging focused on the molecular processes of inflammation including the receptors and cellular microenvironments present in sarcoid granulomas provides opportunities to improve upon FDG-PET imaging for CS. This review will highlight the current limitations of FDG-PET imaging for CS while discussing emerging new nuclear imaging molecular targets for the imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryan D Young
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Edward J Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW PET has emerged as method to determine the location and extent of disease activity in sarcoidosis. As most clinicians do not routinely utilize PET in the management of sarcoidosis, an understanding of the imaging technique is needed to comprehend the impact that PET abnormalities have on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Although PET can detect inflammation because of sarcoidosis throughout the body, it is most often utilized for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis for which it may provide information about prognosis and adverse events. Whenever PET is combined with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), clinicians may be able to increase the diagnostic yield of imaging. Furthermore, PET abnormalities have the potential to be utilized in the reduction or augmentation of therapy based on an individual's response to treatment. Although various biomarkers are used to monitor disease activity in sarcoidosis, an established and reproducible relationship between PET and biomarkers does not exist. SUMMARY PET has the potential to improve the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and alter treatment decisions but prospective trials are needed to define the role of PET while also standardizing the performance and interpretation of the imaging modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Vender
- Department of Thoracic Medicine & Surgery at Temple University Hospital
| | - Hamad Aldahham
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Thoracic Medicine & Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Montera MW, Marcondes-Braga FG, Simões MV, Moura LAZ, Fernandes F, Mangine S, Oliveira Júnior ACD, Souza ALADAGD, Ianni BM, Rochitte CE, Mesquita CT, de Azevedo Filho CF, Freitas DCDA, Melo DTPD, Bocchi EA, Horowitz ESK, Mesquita ET, Oliveira GH, Villacorta H, Rossi Neto JM, Barbosa JMB, Figueiredo Neto JAD, Luiz LF, Hajjar LA, Beck-da-Silva L, Campos LADA, Danzmann LC, Bittencourt MI, Garcia MI, Avila MS, Clausell NO, Oliveira NAD, Silvestre OM, Souza OFD, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Kalil Filho R, Al-Kindi SG, Rassi S, Alves SMM, Ferreira SMA, Rizk SI, Mattos TAC, Barzilai V, Martins WDA, Schultheiss HP. Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guideline on Myocarditis - 2022. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:143-211. [PMID: 35830116 PMCID: PMC9352123 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana G Marcondes-Braga
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Simões
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Fabio Fernandes
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Sandrigo Mangine
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Bárbara Maria Ianni
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital do Coração (HCOR), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Claudio Tinoco Mesquita
- Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.,Universidade Federal Fluminense,Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.,Hospital Vitória, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Evandro Tinoco Mesquita
- Universidade Federal Fluminense,Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.,Centro de Ensino e Treinamento Edson de Godoy Bueno / UHG, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Luis Beck-da-Silva
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Imbroise Bittencourt
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.,Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Marcelo Iorio Garcia
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Monica Samuel Avila
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, Ohio - EUA
| | | | - Silvia Marinho Martins Alves
- Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), Recife, PE - Brasil.,Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE - Brasil
| | - Silvia Moreira Ayub Ferreira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Stéphanie Itala Rizk
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Vitor Barzilai
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF - Brasil
| | - Wolney de Andrade Martins
- Universidade Federal Fluminense,Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.,DASA Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói, Niterói, RJ - Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mathai SV, Patel S, Jorde UP, Rochlani Y. Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2022; 18:78-93. [PMID: 35414851 PMCID: PMC8932386 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal V. Mathai
- Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, US
| | - Snehal Patel
- Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, US
| | - Ulrich P. Jorde
- Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, US
| | - Yogita Rochlani
- Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, US
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miller RJH, Cadet S, Pournazari P, Pope A, Kransdorf E, Hamilton MA, Patel J, Hayes S, Friedman J, Thomson L, Tamarappoo B, Berman DS, Slomka PJ. Quantitative Assessment of Cardiac Hypermetabolism and Perfusion for Diagnosis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:86-96. [PMID: 32462631 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of cardiac hypermetabolism from 18Flourodeoxy glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) may improve diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). We assessed different approaches for quantification of cardiac hypermetabolism and perfusion in patients with suspected CS. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive patients undergoing 18FDG PET assessment for possible CS between January 2014 and March 2019 were included. Cardiac hypermetabolism was quantified using maximal standardized uptake value (SUVMAX), cardiometabolic activity (CMA) and volume of inflammation, using relative thresholds (1.3× and 1.5× left ventricular blood pool [LVBP] activity), and absolute thresholds (SUVMAX > 2.7 and 4.1). Diagnosis of CS was established using the Japanese Ministry of Health and Wellness criteria. In total, 69 patients were studied, with definite or possible CS in 29(42.0%) patients. CMA above 1.5× LVBP SUVMAX had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC 0.92). Quantitative parameters using relative thresholds had higher AUC compared to absolute thresholds (p < 0.01). Interobserver variability was low for CMA, with excellent agreement regarding absence of activity (Kappa 0.970). CONCLUSIONS Quantitation with scan-specific thresholds has superior diagnostic accuracy compared to absolute thresholds. Based on the potential clinical benefit, programs should consider quantification of cardiac hypermetabolism when interpreting 18F-FDG PET studies for CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J H Miller
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sebastien Cadet
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Payam Pournazari
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adele Pope
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Evan Kransdorf
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michele A Hamilton
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jignesh Patel
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Hayes
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - John Friedman
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Louise Thomson
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Balaji Tamarappoo
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, A047N, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brunken RC. Is quantitative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET image analysis the key to Identify cardiac sarcoidosis? J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:97-100. [PMID: 32676908 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Brunken
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/Jb3, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Caobelli F, Popescu CE. PET imaging in cardiovascular inflammation: Cardiac sarcoidosis. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
17
|
Young BD, Moreland H, Oatmen KE, Freeburg LA, Shahab Z, Herzog E, Miller EJ, Spinale FG. Cytokine Signaling and Matrix Remodeling Pathways Associated with Cardiac Sarcoidosis Disease Activity Defined Using FDG PET Imaging. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1096-1105. [PMID: 34544982 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While cardiac imaging has improved the diagnosis and risk assessment for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), treatment regimens have consisted of generalized heart failure therapies and non-specific anti-inflammatory regimens. The overall goal of this study was to perform high-sensitivity plasma profiling of specific inflammatory pathways in patients with sarcoidosis and with CS.Specific inflammatory/proteolytic cascades were upregulated in sarcoidosis patients, and certain profiles emerged for CS patients.Plasma samples were collected from patients with biopsy-confirmed sarcoidosis undergoing F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (n = 47) and compared to those of referent control subjects (n = 6). Using a high-sensitivity, automated multiplex array, cytokines, soluble cytokine receptor profiles (an index of cytokine activation), as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and endogenous MMP inhibitors (TIMPs) were examined.The plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and soluble TNF receptors sCD30 and sTNFRI were increased using sarcoidosis, and sTNFRII increased in CS patients (n = 18). The soluble interleukin sIL-2R and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (sVEGFR2 and sVEGFR3) increased to the greatest degree in CS patients. When computed as a function of referent control values, the majority of soluble cytokine receptors increased in both sarcoidosis and CS groups. Plasma MMP-9 levels increased in sarcoidosis but not in the CS subset. Plasma TIMP levels declined in both groups.The findings from this study were the identification of increased activation of a cluster of soluble cytokine receptors, which augment not only inflammatory cell maturation but also transmigration in patients with sarcoidosis and patients with cardiac involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Young
- Yale University School of Medicine.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System
| | - Hannah Moreland
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Kelsie E Oatmen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Lisa A Freeburg
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | | | - Erica Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | | | - Francis G Spinale
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine.,Columbia VA Health Care System
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fazelpour S, Sadek MM, Nery PB, Beanlands RS, Tzemos N, Toma M, Birnie DH. Corticosteroid and Immunosuppressant Therapy for Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021183. [PMID: 34472360 PMCID: PMC8649244 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of clinically manifest cardiac sarcoidosis is generally recommended. Our group previously systematically reviewed the data in 2013; since then, there has been increasing quality and quantity of data and also interest in nonsteroid agents. Methods and Results Studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov database. The quality of included articles was rated using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 50. Outcomes examined were atrioventricular conduction, left ventricular function, ventricular arrhythmias, and mortality. A total of 3527 references were retrieved, and 34 publications met the inclusion criteria. There were no randomized trials, and only 2 studies were rated good quality. In the 34 reports (total of 1297 patients), 1125 patients received corticosteroids, 235 received additional or other immunosuppressant therapy, and 97 patients received no therapy. There were 178 patients treated for atrioventricular conduction disease, with 76/178 (42.7%) improving. In contrast, 21 patients were not treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressant therapy, and none of them improved. Therapy was associated with the prevention of deterioration in left ventricular function. A total of 8 publications reported on ventricular arrhythmia burden, and 19 reported on mortality; the data quality was too limited to draw conclusions for the latter 2 outcomes. Conclusions The best quality data relate to atrioventricular nodal conduction and left ventricular function recovery. In both situations, therapy with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressant therapy were sometimes associated with positive outcomes. The data quality is too limited to draw conclusions for ventricular arrhythmias and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavosh Fazelpour
- Arrhythmia ServiceDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Mouhannad M. Sadek
- Arrhythmia ServiceDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Pablo B. Nery
- Arrhythmia ServiceDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rob S. Beanlands
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe National Cardiac PET CenterUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Niko Tzemos
- Division of CardiologyLondon Health SciencesUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Mustafa Toma
- Division of CardiologySt. Paul's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - David H. Birnie
- Arrhythmia ServiceDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koyanagawa K, Naya M, Aikawa T, Manabe O, Furuya S, Kuzume M, Oyama-Manabe N, Ohira H, Tsujino I, Anzai T. The rate of myocardial perfusion recovery after steroid therapy and its implication for cardiac events in cardiac sarcoidosis and primarily preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1745-1756. [PMID: 31605274 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown cause characterized by immune granuloma formation in the involved organs. Few studies have reported on the myocardial perfusion changes by immunosuppression therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Additionally, the relationship between myocardial perfusion changes and prognosis is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify myocardial perfusion recovery after steroid therapy and its prognostic value for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with CS. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-eight consecutive patients with CS {median age, 63 [interquartile range (IQR) 51-68] years; 10 men} underwent both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) and electrocardiography-gated single-photon emission CT (SPECT) pre- and post-steroid therapy. Patients with improved or preserved myocardial perfusion after post-therapy were defined as the recovery group and those with worsened myocardial perfusion as the non-recovery group. Twenty-six patients (68%) were categorized as the recovery group. MACE occurred in eight patients. The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a significantly higher rate of MACE in the non-recovery group (17.4%/y vs 2.9%/y, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial perfusion was recovered by steroid therapy in 61% and preserved in 8% of patients. Myocardial perfusion recovery after steroid therapy was significantly associated with a low incidence of MACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Koyanagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masanao Naya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Tadao Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Osamu Manabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Sho Furuya
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masato Kuzume
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohira
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Ichizo Tsujino
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oyama-Manabe N, Manabe O, Aikawa T, Tsuneta S. The Role of Multimodality Imaging in Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:561-578. [PMID: 34085435 PMCID: PMC8263295 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology and the progression of sarcoidosis remain unknown. However, cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is significantly associated with a poor prognosis due to the associated congestive heart failure, arrhythmias (such as an advanced atrioventricular block), and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Novel imaging modalities are now available to detect CS lesions secondary to active inflammation, granuloma formation, and fibrotic changes. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) play essential roles in diagnosing and monitoring patients with confirmed or suspected CS. The following focused review will highlight the emerging role of non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques, including FDG PET/CT and CMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Osamu Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadao Aikawa
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satonori Tsuneta
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gallegos C, Oikonomou EK, Grimshaw A, Gulati M, Young BD, Miller EJ. Non-steroidal treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis: A systematic review. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 34:100782. [PMID: 33997256 PMCID: PMC8105294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of active cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) usually involves immunosuppressive therapy, with the goal of preventing inflammation-induced scar formation. In most cases, steroids remain the first-line treatment for CS. However, given the side effect profile of their long-term use, steroid-sparing therapies are increasingly used. There are no published randomized trials of steroid-sparing agents in CS. We sought to do a systematic review to evaluate the current published data on the use of non-steroidal treatments in the management of CS. We searched the Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from inception of database to August 2020 to identify the effectiveness of biological or synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic agents (s- and bDMARDs). Secondary objectives include safety profile as well as the change in the average corticosteroid dose after treatment initiation. Twenty-three studies were ultimately selected for inclusion which included a total of 480 cases of CS treated with a range of both s- and bDMARDs. In all included studies, sDMARDs and bDMARDs were studied in combination with steroids or as second or higher-line treatments after therapeutic failure or intolerance to corticosteroid use. Methotrexate (MTX) and infliximab (IFX) were the most common synthetic and biologic DMARDs studied respectively, reported in about 35% of the studies reviewed. The use of steroid-sparing agents was associated with a reduction in the maintenance steroid dose used. In conclusion, steroids will remain as the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory management in patients with CS until trials on the use and safety profile of other immunosuppressive agents are completed and published.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesia Gallegos
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evangelos K Oikonomou
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa Grimshaw
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryan D Young
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward J Miller
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chareonthaitawee P, Bois JP. Quantitative FDG PET/CT to Guide Treatment of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Crucial Step Forward. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:2017-2019. [PMID: 33744154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Bois
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Imaging Inflammation with Positron Emission Tomography. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020212. [PMID: 33669804 PMCID: PMC7922638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of inflammation on the outcome of many medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases has been widely acknowledged. However, in contrast to neurological, oncologic, and cardiovascular disorders, imaging plays a minor role in research and management of inflammation. Imaging can provide insights into individual and temporospatial biology and grade of inflammation which can be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate and understand current approaches and potential applications for imaging of inflammation. This review discusses radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) that have been used to image inflammation in cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions with a special emphasis on radiotracers that have already been successfully applied in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sascău R, Anghel L, Clement A, Bostan M, Radu R, Stătescu C. The Importance of Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: An Update. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020256. [PMID: 33562254 PMCID: PMC7915769 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrative cardiomyopathies (ICMs) comprise a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired conditions (mainly amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis), where the progressive buildup of abnormal substances within the myocardium results in left ventricular hypertrophy and manifests as restrictive physiology. Noninvasive multimodality imaging has gradually eliminated endomyocardial biopsy from the diagnostic workup of infiltrative cardiac deposition diseases. However, even with modern imaging techniques’ widespread availability, these pathologies persist in being largely under- or misdiagnosed. Considering the advent of novel, revolutionary pharmacotherapies for cardiac amyloidosis, the archetypal example of ICM, a standardized diagnostic approach is warranted. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the importance of contemporary cardiac imaging in identifying specific ICM and improving outcomes via the prompt initiation of a targeted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radu Sascău
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (A.C.); (M.B.); Tel.: +40-0232-211834 (L.A.); +40-0232-211834 (A.C.); +40-0232-211834 (M.B.)
| | - Alexandra Clement
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (A.C.); (M.B.); Tel.: +40-0232-211834 (L.A.); +40-0232-211834 (A.C.); +40-0232-211834 (M.B.)
| | - Mădălina Bostan
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (A.C.); (M.B.); Tel.: +40-0232-211834 (L.A.); +40-0232-211834 (A.C.); +40-0232-211834 (M.B.)
| | - Rodica Radu
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Flores RJ, Flaherty KR, Jin Z, Bokhari S. The prognostic value of quantitating and localizing F-18 FDG uptake in cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:2003-2010. [PMID: 30421379 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no identified level of FDG uptake in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) associated with increased risk of arrhythmias, conduction disease, heart failure, or death. We aim to utilize standardized uptake value (SUV) quantitation and localization to identify patients at increased risk of cardiac events. METHODS AND RESULTS F18-FDG PET/CT with MPI was used in CS diagnosis (N = 67). Mean and max SUV were measured and grouped as basal, mid, and apical disease. Post-scan ventricular tachycardia, AICD placement, complete heart block, pacemaker placement, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and cardiac-related hospital admissions were recorded (mean follow up 2.98 ± 2 years). Poisson regression analysis revealed that max SUV, mean SUV, as well as mean basal SUV, and LVEF were significantly associated with total cardiac events. Max SUV odds ratio (OR) = 1.068 (95% CI 1.024-1.114, P = 0.002), mean SUV OR = 1.059 (95% CI 1.008-1.113, P = 0.023), mean SUV OR = 1.061 (95% CI 1.012-1.112, P = 0.014), scan LVEF OR = 0.731 (95% CI 0.664-0.805, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SUV at time of CS diagnosis has significant associations with future cardiac events. Patients with higher SUV, particularly in basal segments, are at increased risk of events. Further studies are needed to identify treatment methods utilizing risk stratification of CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Flores
- Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - K R Flaherty
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Z Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Bokhari
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Montalto S, Better N. Assessing severity of cardiac sarcoid: Is SUV the answer? J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:2011-2016. [PMID: 30483957 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Montalto
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nathan Better
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim SJ, Pak K, Kim K. Diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET for detection of cardiac sarcoidosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:2103-2115. [PMID: 30603894 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The PubMed and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through 31 March 31, 2018, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for CS. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves. RESULTS Across 17 studies (891 patients), the pooled sensitivity was 0.84 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.71-0.91] with heterogeneity (I2 = 77.5) and a pooled specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.74-0.89) with heterogeneity (I2 = 80.0). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall LR+ of 4.9 (95% CI 3.3-7.3) and LR- of 0.2 (95% CI 0.11-0.35). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 27 (95% CI 14-55). Hierarchical SROC curve indicates that the area under the curve was 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.92). Meta-regression showed that combined myocardial perfusion imaging was the source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis showed the moderate sensitivity and specificity of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for diagnosis of CS. The presence of combined myocardial perfusion imaging could improve diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for diagnosis of CS. At present, the literature regarding the use of F-18 FDG PET for detection of CS remains limited; thus, further large multicenter studies would be necessary to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET for diagnosis of CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea.
- BioMedical Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea.
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hotta M, Minamimoto R, Awaya T, Hiroe M, Okazaki O, Hiroi Y. Radionuclide Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis and Sarcoidosis: Roles and Characteristics of Various Tracers. Radiographics 2020; 40:2029-2041. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hotta
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology (M. Hotta, R.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., M. Hiroe, O.O., Y.H.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Ryogo Minamimoto
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology (M. Hotta, R.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., M. Hiroe, O.O., Y.H.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Toru Awaya
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology (M. Hotta, R.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., M. Hiroe, O.O., Y.H.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Michiaki Hiroe
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology (M. Hotta, R.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., M. Hiroe, O.O., Y.H.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Osamu Okazaki
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology (M. Hotta, R.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., M. Hiroe, O.O., Y.H.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (T.A.)
| | - Yukio Hiroi
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Departments of Radiology (M. Hotta, R.M.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A., M. Hiroe, O.O., Y.H.), National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ramsay SC, Cuscaden C. The current status of quantitative SPECT/CT in the assessment of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1464-1468. [PMID: 31691134 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine bone scans differentiate ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) from light chain cardiac amyloidosis and other myocardial disorders, helping to make the diagnosis without biopsy. Standard bone scans are not absolutely quantitative, so are assessed by comparing the heart to other tissues. The standard visual scoring system compares heart to bone. This accurately diagnoses ATTR-CM and has been validated in a multicenter study, but has limitations. Semiquantitative techniques including heart/contralateral thorax (H/CL) and heart/whole body ratio (H/WB) improve on visual scoring but still rely on extracardiac sites as comparators. Absolute quantitation of myocardial uptake using quantitative SPECT should help overcome these shortcomings. In ATTR-CM, this technique is practical, accurately makes the diagnosis and provides information that is not identical to visual scores. However, more work needs to be done. The reproducibility in ATTR-CM must be tested. Larger studies need to be undertaken to determine whether quantitative SPECT measurements can assess prognosis, disease progression or treatment response. As ATTR-CM is relatively uncommon multicenter trials will help recruit enough subjects to answer these questions. Accurate measurement techniques are needed in ATTR-CM to enable appropriate use of proven therapy and to conduct trials of new therapeutic agents. Quantitative bone scans offer a promising avenue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C Ramsay
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.
- School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Claire Cuscaden
- Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Wooloongabba, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coulden RA, Sonnex EP, Abele JT, Crean AM. Utility of FDG PET and Cardiac MRI in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2020; 2:e190140. [PMID: 33778595 PMCID: PMC7977729 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020190140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the contributions of cardiac MRI and PET in the diagnosis and management of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), with particular reference to quantitative measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective, observational study of 31 patients (mean age, 45.7 years) with proven extracardiac sarcoidosis and possible CS who were investigated with fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT and cardiac MRI. Patients were treated at physicians' discretion with repeat combined imaging after an interval of 102-770 days (median, 228 days). RESULTS Significant myocardial FDG uptake was shown on visit 1 (myocardial maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax] > 3.6) in 17 of 22 patients who were subsequently treated. Myocardial SUVmax decreased at follow-up (6.5 to 4.0; P < .01) and was matched by significant decreases in FDG-avid lung and mediastinal node disease. A volumetric measure of myocardium above a threshold SUV (cardiac metabolic volume) decreased from a mean of 42.5 to a mean of 4.1 (P < .001). This was associated with significant improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (45.8 increasing to 50.9; P < .031). There was no change in volume of late gadolinium enhancement at treatment. Patients who were untreated showed no change in any FDG PET or cardiac MRI parameter. CONCLUSION Myocardial FDG uptake in patients suspected of having CS is presumed to represent active inflammation. When treated with corticosteroids, this resolved or regressed at follow-up, with an improvement in LVEF and FDG-avid thoracic disease. Patients who were untreated showed no change in any parameter. Quantification of FDG-avid myocardium using cardiac metabolic volume is proposed as a useful objective measure for assessing response to therapy.© RSNA, 2020See also commentary by Gutberlet in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Coulden
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (R.A.C., E.P.S., J.T.A.); and Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Emer P. Sonnex
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (R.A.C., E.P.S., J.T.A.); and Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Jonathan T. Abele
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (R.A.C., E.P.S., J.T.A.); and Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Andrew M. Crean
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (R.A.C., E.P.S., J.T.A.); and Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Approximately 5% of patients with sarcoidosis will have clinically manifest cardiac involvement presenting with one or more of ventricular arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and heart failure. It is estimated that another 20 to 25% of pulmonary/systemic sarcoidosis patients have asymptomatic cardiac involvement (clinically silent disease). Cardiac presentations can be the first (and/or an unrecognized) manifestation of sarcoidosis in a variety of circumstances. Immunosuppression therapy (usually with corticosteroids) has been suggested for the treatment of clinically manifest cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) despite minimal data supporting it. Positron emission tomography imaging is often used to detect active disease and guide immunosuppression. Patients with clinically manifest disease often need device therapy, typically with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). The extent of left ventricular dysfunction seems to be the most important predictor of prognosis among patients with clinically manifest CS. In the current era of earlier diagnosis, modern heart failure treatment, and use of ICD therapy, the prognosis from CS is much improved. In a recent Finnish nationwide study, 10-year cardiac survival was 92.5% in 102 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Birnie
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Varghese M, Smiley D, Bellumkonda L, Rosenfeld LE, Zaret B, Miller EJ. Quantitative interpretation of FDG PET for cardiac sarcoidosis reclassifies visually interpreted exams and potentially impacts downstream interventions. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2020; 35:342-353. [PMID: 32476922 PMCID: PMC7170132 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v35i4.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: FDG PET is used in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) diagnosis and management, including decisions about initiation and titration of immunosuppression. However, optimal methods to identify sarcoidosis-related inflammation on these scans is unknown. Traditional interpretive methods for FDG PET rely on qualitative visual analysis, but quantitative techniques including standardized uptake values (SUVs) may be more specific. This study evaluated the diagnostic reclassification of FDG PET studies using quantitative versus qualitative analysis and evaluated the potential impact of reclassification on downstream management and events. Methods: Cardiac-focused FDG PET examinations performed for the evaluation of CS were analyzed, comparing results from the clinically reported visual analysis to quantitative re-analysis using left ventricular maximal SUV values (SUVmax). Net diagnostic reclassification index (NDI) was calculated and compared to admissions, deaths, ICD placements, immunosuppression initiation/escalation. Of 154 exams, 22 were reclassified from positive to negative using quantitative re-analysis whereas only 2 clinically reported negative exams were quantitatively reclassified to positive, leading to a NDI of -13.0%. In the quantitatively negative/clinically reported positive group, 11 patients had immunosuppression adjusted after 22 exams and 4 ICDs were placed. Conclusions: Quantitative re-analysis of FDG PET for CS led to an overall negative diagnostic reclassification from positive to negative. Studies that were clinically reported as positive by visual analysis but reclassified as negative by quantitative analysis had numerous medical interventions but few clinical events. The low event rate suggests the use of quantitative interpretation of FDG PET for CS may help in providing providers with a more targeted therapeutic framework. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2018; 35: 342-353).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merilyn Varghese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Dia Smiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lavanya Bellumkonda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lynda E Rosenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Barry Zaret
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Edward J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Expert Consensus on clinical application of FDG PET/CT in infection and inflammation. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:369-376. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
34
|
Hwang IC, Bang JI, Yoon YE, Lee WW. Myocardial Positron Emission Tomography for Evaluation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Specialized Protocols for Better Diagnosis. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 28:79-93. [PMID: 32052608 PMCID: PMC7114454 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology with various clinical presentations depending on the organs involved. Since cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) portends a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, early diagnosis and aggressive medical treatment are essential to improve the prognosis. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as an important tool with practical advantages in assessing disease activity and monitoring the treatment response in patients with CS. While it has high sensitivity, it also has great variability in specificity, probably due to normal physiologic myocardial FDG uptake, which interferes with the evaluation and follow-up of CS using FDG-PET. This review details the technical aspects of FDG-PET imaging for evaluating and diagnosing CS, assessing disease activity, and monitoring therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Chang Hwang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji In Bang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeonyee E Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferreira MJV, Cerqueira MD. Clinical Applications of Nuclear Cardiology. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
36
|
Travin MI. Radionuclide Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Much Potential Benefit, but Still Much to Do. ANNALS OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY 2020; 6:53-60. [PMID: 37123488 PMCID: PMC10133935 DOI: 10.17996/anc.20-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a multi-organ inflammatory condition commonly involving the heart and leading to high morbidity and mortality, is increasingly prevalent. PET imaging with 18F-FDG in conjunction with perfusion imaging is increasingly used for diagnosis, disease characterization, and to guide and follow treatment. However, various challenges remain with regard to protocols, interpretation of image findings, and how best to use test results to guide and monitor therapy. Further investigations of the testing technique, as well as better understanding of disease pathophysiology, are needed for better image utility in order to effectively improve patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I. Travin
- Department of Radiology/Division of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Reprint requests and correspondence: Mark I. Travin, MD, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East-210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467-2490 USA / E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rosenthal DG, Parwani P, Murray TO, Petek BJ, Benn BS, De Marco T, Gerstenfeld EP, Janmohamed M, Klein L, Lee BK, Moss JD, Scheinman MM, Hsia HH, Selby V, Koth LL, Pampaloni MH, Zikherman J, Vedantham V. Long-Term Corticosteroid-Sparing Immunosuppression for Cardiac Sarcoidosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010952. [PMID: 31538835 PMCID: PMC6818011 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Long‐term corticosteroid therapy is the standard of care for treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). The efficacy of long‐term corticosteroid‐sparing immunosuppression in CS is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of methotrexate with or without adalimumab for long‐term disease suppression in CS, and to assess recurrence and adverse event rates after immunosuppression discontinuation. Methods and Results Retrospective chart review identified treatment‐naive CS patients at a single academic medical center who received corticosteroid‐sparing maintenance therapy. Demographics, cardiac uptake of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose, and adverse cardiac events were compared before and during treatment and between those with persistent or interrupted immunosuppression. Twenty‐eight CS patients were followed for a mean 4.1 (SD 1.5) years. Twenty‐five patients received 4 to 8 weeks of high‐dose prednisone (>30 mg/day), followed by taper and maintenance therapy with methotrexate±low‐dose prednisone (low‐dose prednisone, <10 mg/day). Adalimumab was added in 19 patients with persistently active CS or in those with intolerance to methotrexate. Methotrexate±low‐dose prednisone resulted in initial reduction (88%) or elimination (60%) of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, and patients receiving adalimumab‐containing regimens experienced improved (84%) or resolved (63%) 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Radiologic relapse occurred in 8 of 9 patients after immunosuppression cessation, 4 patients on methotrexate‐containing regimens, and in no patients on adalimumab‐containing regimens. Conclusions Corticosteroid‐sparing regimens containing methotrexate with or without adalimumab is an effective maintenance therapy in patients after an initial response is confirmed. Disease recurrence in patients on and off immunosuppression support need for ongoing radiologic surveillance regardless of immunosuppression regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Rosenthal
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Tyler O Murray
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Bradley J Petek
- Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Bryan S Benn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Teresa De Marco
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Edward P Gerstenfeld
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Munir Janmohamed
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Liviu Klein
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Byron K Lee
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Joshua D Moss
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Melvin M Scheinman
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Henry H Hsia
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Van Selby
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Laura L Koth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Miguel H Pampaloni
- Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Radiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Vasanth Vedantham
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kumita S, Yoshinaga K, Miyagawa M, Momose M, Kiso K, Kasai T, Naya M. Recommendations for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis-2018 update: Japanese Society of Nuclear Cardiology recommendations. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1414-1433. [PMID: 31197741 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiichiro Yoshinaga
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Masao Miyagawa
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Momose
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kiso
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokuo Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanao Naya
- Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Genovesi D, Bauckneht M, Altini C, Popescu CE, Ferro P, Monaco L, Borra A, Ferrari C, Caobelli F. The role of positron emission tomography in the assessment of cardiac sarcoidosis. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190247. [PMID: 31166768 PMCID: PMC6724628 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocardium and the cardiovascular system are often involved in patients with sarcoidosis. As therapy should be started as early as possible to avoid complications such as left ventricular dysfunction, a prompt and reliable diagnosis by means of non-invasive tests would be highly warranted. Among other techniques, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a high sensitive tool to detect sites of inflammation before morphological changes are visible to conventional imaging techniques. We therefore aim at summarizing the most relevant findings in the literature on the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the diagnostic workup of cardiac sarcoidosis and to underline future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Genovesi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Corinna Altini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine, Policlinic of Bari- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ferro
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lavinia Monaco
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Borra
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine, Policlinic of Bari- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Caobelli
- Clinic of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel. Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lawal IO, Ankrah AO, Popoola GO, Lengana T, Sathekge MM. Arterial inflammation in young patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A cross-sectional study using F-18 FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1258-1265. [PMID: 29417417 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection is associated with the risk of development of atherosclerosis at a younger age. We compared arterial inflammation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with otherwise low-risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) using FDG PET/CT. METHODS 242 patients aged 18-40 years with low-risk factors for CVD consisting of 121 HIV-infected patients and 121 HIV-uninfected age- and gender-matched controls were studied, mean age = 34.95 ± 5.46 years. We calculated and compared the target-to-background ratio of FDG uptake in ascending aorta of HIV-infected and non-infected patients. RESULTS Median CD4 count and viral load were 375.5 cells/mm3 (range 2-1094) and 6391.00 copies/mL (range 24-1,348,622), respectively. There was slightly higher but significant overlap in the TBR between HIV-infected group compared with control (1.22, 0.87-2.02 vs. 1.12, 0.38-1.40, P < 0.001). TBR was neither affected by CD4 count levels nor the presence or absence of detectable viremia. We also found no significant difference in TBR between male and female patients with HIV infection. We found a weak positive correlation between TBR and CD4 count, TBR and duration of HIV infection, and a very weak negative correlation between TBR and viral load. There was no significant difference in TBR between patients on HAART and those not yet commenced on therapy. CONCLUSION Marginally higher TBR with a significant overlap exist in HIV-infected patients compared with control. Arterial F-18 FDG uptake is not affected by the CD 4 count, viral load, gender, or duration of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismaheel O Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Alfred O Ankrah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gbenga O Popoola
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Thabo Lengana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vita T, Okada DR, Veillet-Chowdhury M, Bravo PE, Mullins E, Hulten E, Agrawal M, Madan R, Taqueti VR, Steigner M, Skali H, Kwong RY, Stewart GC, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Blankstein R. Complementary Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 11:e007030. [PMID: 29335272 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) detect different pathological attributes of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), the complementary value of these tests has not been evaluated. Our objective was to determine the value of combining CMR and PET in assessing the likelihood of CS and guiding patient management. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective study, we included 107 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of CS by both CMR and PET. Two experienced readers blinded to all clinical data reviewed CMR and PET images and categorized the likelihood of CS as no (<10%), possible (10%-50%), probable (50%-90%), or highly probable(>90%) based on predefined criteria. Patient management after imaging was assessed for all patients and across categories of increasing CS likelihood. A final clinical diagnosis for each patient was assigned based on a subsequent review of all available imaging, clinical, and pathological data. Among 107 patients (age, 55±11 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 43±16%), 91 (85%) had late gadolinium enhancement, whereas 82 (76%) had abnormal F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET, suggesting active inflammation. Among the 91 patients with positive late gadolinium enhancement, 60 (66%) had abnormal F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. When PET data were added to CMR, 48 (45%) patients were reclassified as having a higher or lower likelihood of CS, most of them (80%) being correctly reclassified when compared with the final diagnosis. Changes in immunosuppressive therapies were significantly more likely among patients with highly probable CS. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with suspected CS, combining CMR and PET provides complementary value for estimating the likelihood of CS and guiding patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vita
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - David R Okada
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Mahdi Veillet-Chowdhury
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Paco E Bravo
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Erin Mullins
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Edward Hulten
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Rachna Madan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Viviany R Taqueti
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Michael Steigner
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Hicham Skali
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Garrick C Stewart
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.)
| | - Ron Blankstein
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging Program (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Department of Radiology (T.V., M.V.-C., P.E.B., E.M., E.H., V.R.T., M.S., H.S., R.Y.K., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.A., S.D., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Division of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (R.M.), and Cardiovascular Division (H.S., R.Y.K., G.S., M.F.D.C., R.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (D.R.O.); Division of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (E.H.); and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (E.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ramirez R, Trivieri M, Fayad ZA, Ahmadi A, Narula J, Argulian E. Advanced Imaging in Cardiac Sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:892-898. [PMID: 31171594 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.228130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas. Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis may lead to adverse outcomes such as advanced heart block, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, or death. Cardiac sarcoidosis can occur in patients with established sarcoidosis, or it can be the sole manifestation of the disease. Traditional diagnostic techniques, including echocardiography, have poor sensitivity for diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis. The accumulating evidence supports the essential role of advanced cardiac imaging modalities such as MRI and PET in diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. The current review highlights important theoretic and practical aspects of using cardiac imaging tools in the evaluation of patients with suspected or established cardiac sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ramirez
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maria Trivieri
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amir Ahmadi
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Edgar Argulian
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mari P, G. Jones M, Richeldi L. Contemporary Concise Review 2018: Interstitial lung disease. Respirology 2019; 24:809-816. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier‐Valerio Mari
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSUniversitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Southampton UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSUniversitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome with a broad spectrum of presentations. Cardiovascular imaging techniques such as echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and nuclear imaging play a crucial role in diagnosis, guiding management, and providing prognostic information. Each of these imaging modalities has their own respective strengths and weaknesses. Cardiac imaging can help differentiate between ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Additionally, imaging techniques can display disease-specific findings, aiding in diagnosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathies and can provide a means to monitor response to therapy. The choice of imaging modality in the workup of cardiomyopathy should be based on the specific clinical question and the knowledge of the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Rankin
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 4N-490, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Babitha Thampinathan
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 4N-490, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 4N-490, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Valentin RC, Bhambhvani P. The logic and challenges of imaging sarcoidosis with whole body FDG PET. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:493-496. [PMID: 28819901 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C Valentin
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, JT 777, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - Pradeep Bhambhvani
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, JT 777, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kouranos V, Wechalekar K. Search for key manifestations to predict inflammation on cardiac PET in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis population. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:401-404. [PMID: 28656555 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kouranos
- Department of Interstitial Lung Disease, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kshama Wechalekar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Boutagy NE, Feher A, Alkhalil I, Umoh N, Sinusas AJ. Molecular Imaging of the Heart. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:477-533. [PMID: 30873600 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision-making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most-widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high-sensitivity in vivo detection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:477-533, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran Alkhalil
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nsini Umoh
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The increasing implementation of advanced cardiovascular imaging in the form of cardiac PET/CT has had a significant impact on the management of cardiac sarcoidosis, which continues to evolve. This review summarizes the role of PET/CT imaging in sarcoidosis with a specific focus on (1) indications, (2) patient preparation, (3) test performance, (4) study interpretation, (5) clinical relevance of findings, (6) comparison to alternative imaging modalities, and finally (7) introduction of areas of anticipated development and research.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chareonthaitawee P, Beanlands RS, Chen W, Dorbala S, Miller EJ, Murthy VL, Birnie DH, Chen ES, Cooper LT, Tung RH, White ES, Borges-Neto S, Di Carli MF, Gropler RJ, Ruddy TD, Schindler TH, Blankstein R. Joint SNMMI-ASNC Expert Consensus Document on the Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Cardiac Sarcoid Detection and Therapy Monitoring. J Nucl Med 2018; 58:1341-1353. [PMID: 28765228 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob S Beanlands
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wengen Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward J Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Venkatesh L Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David H Birnie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Edward S Chen
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Roderick H Tung
- Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Salvador Borges-Neto
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ron Blankstein
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu M, Shu J. Multimodal Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:1382183. [PMID: 29967571 PMCID: PMC6008764 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1382183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has emerged at the end of the last century as an interdisciplinary method involving in vivo imaging and molecular biology aiming at identifying living biological processes at a cellular and molecular level in a noninvasive manner. It has a profound role in determining disease changes and facilitating drug research and development, thus creating new medical modalities to monitor human health. At present, a variety of different molecular imaging techniques have their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. In order to overcome these shortcomings, researchers combine two or more detection techniques to create a new imaging mode, such as multimodal molecular imaging, to obtain a better result and more information regarding monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we first describe the classic molecular imaging technology and its key advantages, and then, we offer some of the latest multimodal molecular imaging modes. Finally, we summarize the great challenges, the future development, and the great potential in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|