1
|
Mitsuoka R, Kubota T, Sato S, Ogawa K. Semi-autonomous touch method merging robot's autonomous touch and user-operated touch for improving user experience in robot touch. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17667. [PMID: 39085343 PMCID: PMC11291646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for therapeutic robots to alleviate mental health problems is growing. Studies have shown that people's mental health improves when they are touched. Consequently, therapeutic robots are designed to alleviate stress through robot's autonomous touch. However, robot's autonomous touch can sometimes cause discomfort to recipients. This paper proposes a semi-autonomous touch method that merges robot's autonomous touch with user-operated touch to mitigate discomfort while maintaining the sensation of being touched by another person. We conducted an experiment involving 24 participants who were touched on the neck by robots under three conditions: robot's autonomous touch, user-operated touch, and the proposed semi-autonomous touch method condition. Additionally, the study investigated participants' impressions of the robot in each condition. The results showed that semi-autonomous touch condition mitigated discomfort more effectively compared with the robot's autonomous touch method condition. It also enhanced the feeling of being touched by another person entity and suppressed interaction boredom compared with the user-operated touch method condition. Participants reported higher trustworthiness and perceived friendliness in robots utilizing the semi-autonomous touch method compared to those with autonomous touch method condition. These findings indicate that robots featuring the proposed semi-autonomous touch method can provide a comforting experience, leveraging the therapeutic benefits of being touched by another person, and underscore their potential in mental health applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Mitsuoka
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Kubota
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sato
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Packheiser J, Hartmann H, Fredriksen K, Gazzola V, Keysers C, Michon F. A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis of the physical and mental health benefits of touch interventions. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1088-1107. [PMID: 38589702 PMCID: PMC11199149 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Receiving touch is of critical importance, as many studies have shown that touch promotes mental and physical well-being. We conducted a pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42022304281) systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis encompassing 137 studies in the meta-analysis and 75 additional studies in the systematic review (n = 12,966 individuals, search via Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science until 1 October 2022) to identify critical factors moderating touch intervention efficacy. Included studies always featured a touch versus no touch control intervention with diverse health outcomes as dependent variables. Risk of bias was assessed via small study, randomization, sequencing, performance and attrition bias. Touch interventions were especially effective in regulating cortisol levels (Hedges' g = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 1.31) and increasing weight (0.65, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.94) in newborns as well as in reducing pain (0.69, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.89), feelings of depression (0.59, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.78) and state (0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.84) or trait anxiety (0.59, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.77) for adults. Comparing touch interventions involving objects or robots resulted in similar physical (0.56, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.88 versus 0.51, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.64) but lower mental health benefits (0.34, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.49 versus 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.73). Adult clinical cohorts profited more strongly in mental health domains compared with healthy individuals (0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.80 versus 0.37, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.55). We found no difference in health benefits in adults when comparing touch applied by a familiar person or a health care professional (0.51, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.73 versus 0.50, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.61), but parental touch was more beneficial in newborns (0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.88 versus 0.39, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.61). Small but significant small study bias and the impossibility to blind experimental conditions need to be considered. Leveraging factors that influence touch intervention efficacy will help maximize the benefits of future interventions and focus research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Packheiser
- Social Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Helena Hartmann
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational and Behavioral Neuroscience, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department for Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kelly Fredriksen
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Keysers
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Michon
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onishi Y, Ogawa K, Tanaka K, Nakanishi H. Embodied, visible, and courteous: exploring robotic social touch with virtual idols. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1240408. [PMID: 38590970 PMCID: PMC10999612 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1240408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, virtual idols have garnered considerable attention because they can perform activities similar to real idols. However, as they are fictitious idols with nonphysical presence, they cannot perform physical interactions such as handshake. Combining a robotic hand with a display showing virtual idols is the one of the methods to solve this problem. Nonetheless a physical handshake is possible, the form of handshake that can effectively induce the desirable behavior is unclear. In this study, we adopted a robotic hand as an interface and aimed to imitate the behavior of real idols. To test the effects of this behavior, we conducted step-wise experiments. The series of experiments revealed that the handshake by the robotic hand increased the feeling of intimacy toward the virtual idol, and it became more enjoyable to respond to a request from the virtual idol. In addition, viewing the virtual idols during the handshake increased the feeling of intimacy with the virtual idol. Moreover, the method of the hand-shake peculiar to idols, which tried to keep holding the user's hand after the conversation, increased the feeling of intimacy to the virtual idol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Onishi
- Interaction Science Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunication Research Institute International, Sorakugun, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Information and Human Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valori I, Fan Y, Jung MM, Fairhurst MT. Propensity to trust shapes perceptions of comforting touch between trustworthy human and robot partners. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6747. [PMID: 38514732 PMCID: PMC10957953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Touching a friend to comfort or be comforted is a common prosocial behaviour, firmly based in mutual trust. Emphasising the interactive nature of trust and touch, we suggest that vulnerability, reciprocity and individual differences shape trust and perceptions of touch. We further investigate whether these elements also apply to companion robots. Participants (n = 152) were exposed to four comics depicting human-human or human-robot exchanges. Across conditions, one character was sad, the other initiated touch to comfort them, and the touchee reciprocated the touch. Participants first rated trustworthiness of a certain character (human or robot in a vulnerable or comforting role), then evaluated the two touch phases (initiation and reciprocity) in terms of interaction realism, touch appropriateness and pleasantness, affective state (valence and arousal) attributed to the characters. Results support an interactive account of trust and touch, with humans being equally trustworthy when comforting or showing vulnerability, and reciprocity of touch buffering sadness. Although these phenomena seem unique to humans, propensity to trust technology reduces the gap between how humans and robots are perceived. Two distinct trust systems emerge: one for human interactions and another for social technologies, both necessitating trust as a fundamental prerequisite for meaningful physical contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Valori
- Chair of Acoustics and Haptics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yichen Fan
- Chair of Industrial Design Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- 6G-Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Merel M Jung
- Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Merle T Fairhurst
- Chair of Acoustics and Haptics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- 6G-Life, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdulazeem N, Hu Y. Human Factors Considerations for Quantifiable Human States in Physical Human-Robot Interaction: A Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7381. [PMID: 37687837 PMCID: PMC10490212 DOI: 10.3390/s23177381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As the global population rapidly ages with longer life expectancy and declining birth rates, the need for healthcare services and caregivers for older adults is increasing. Current research envisions addressing this shortage by introducing domestic service robots to assist with daily activities. The successful integration of robots as domestic service providers in our lives requires them to possess efficient manipulation capabilities, provide effective physical assistance, and have adaptive control frameworks that enable them to develop social understanding during human-robot interaction. In this context, human factors, especially quantifiable ones, represent a necessary component. The objective of this paper is to conduct an unbiased review encompassing the studies on human factors studied in research involving physical interactions and strong manipulation capabilities. We identified the prevalent human factors in physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), noted the factors typically addressed together, and determined the frequently utilized assessment approaches. Additionally, we gathered and categorized proposed quantification approaches based on the measurable data for each human factor. We also formed a map of the common contexts and applications addressed in pHRI for a comprehensive understanding and easier navigation of the field. We found out that most of the studies in direct pHRI (when there is direct physical contact) focus on social behaviors with belief being the most commonly addressed human factor type. Task collaboration is moderately investigated, while physical assistance is rarely studied. In contrast, indirect pHRI studies (when the physical contact is mediated via a third item) often involve industrial settings, with physical ergonomics being the most frequently investigated human factor. More research is needed on the human factors in direct and indirect physical assistance applications, including studies that combine physical social behaviors with physical assistance tasks. We also found that while the predominant approach in most studies involves the use of questionnaires as the main method of quantification, there is a recent trend that seeks to address the quantification approaches based on measurable data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Hu
- Active & Interactive Robotics Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ragno L, Borboni A, Vannetti F, Amici C, Cusano N. Application of Social Robots in Healthcare: Review on Characteristics, Requirements, Technical Solutions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6820. [PMID: 37571603 PMCID: PMC10422563 DOI: 10.3390/s23156820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyber-physical or virtual systems or devices that are capable of autonomously interacting with human or non-human agents in real environments are referred to as social robots. The primary areas of application for biomedical technology are nursing homes, hospitals, and private homes for the purpose of providing assistance to the elderly, people with disabilities, children, and medical personnel. This review examines the current state-of-the-art of social robots used in healthcare applications, with a particular emphasis on the technical characteristics and requirements of these different types of systems. Humanoids robots, companion robots, and telepresence robots are the three primary categories of devices that are identified and discussed in this article. The research looks at commercial applications, as well as scientific literature (according to the Scopus Elsevier database), patent analysis (using the Espacenet search engine), and more (searched with Google search engine). A variety of devices are enumerated and categorized, and then our discussion and organization of their respective specifications takes place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ragno
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Borboni
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Vannetti
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci 269, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Cinzia Amici
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cusano
- Faculty of Political Science and Sociopsychological Dynamics, Università degli Studi Internazionali, Via Cristoforo Colombo 200, 00147 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren Q, Hou Y, Botteldooren D, Belpaeme T. Behavioural Models of Risk-Taking in Human-Robot Tactile Interactions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4786. [PMID: 37430700 DOI: 10.3390/s23104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Touch can have a strong effect on interactions between people, and as such, it is expected to be important to the interactions people have with robots. In an earlier work, we showed that the intensity of tactile interaction with a robot can change how much people are willing to take risks. This study further develops our understanding of the relationship between human risk-taking behaviour, the physiological responses by the user, and the intensity of the tactile interaction with a social robot. We used data collected with physiological sensors during the playing of a risk-taking game (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, or BART). The results of a mixed-effects model were used as a baseline to predict risk-taking propensity from physiological measures, and these results were further improved through the use of two machine learning techniques-support vector regression (SVR) and multi-input convolutional multihead attention (MCMA)-to achieve low-latency risk-taking behaviour prediction during human-robot tactile interaction. The performance of the models was evaluated based on mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and R squared score (R2), which obtained the optimal result with MCMA yielding an MAE of 3.17, an RMSE of 4.38, and an R2 of 0.93 compared with the baseline of 10.97 MAE, 14.73 RMSE, and 0.30 R2. The results of this study offer new insights into the interplay between physiological data and the intensity of risk-taking behaviour in predicting human risk-taking behaviour during human-robot tactile interactions. This work illustrates that physiological activation and the intensity of tactile interaction play a prominent role in risk processing during human-robot tactile interaction and demonstrates that it is feasible to use human physiological data and behavioural data to predict risk-taking behaviour in human-robot tactile interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Ren
- AIRO-IDLab, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University-Imec, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Hou
- WAVES Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- WAVES Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Tony Belpaeme
- AIRO-IDLab, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University-Imec, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodriguez M, Kross E. Sensory emotion regulation. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:379-390. [PMID: 36805103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Decades of evidence reveal intimate links between sensation and emotion. Yet, discussion of sensory experiences as tools that promote emotion regulation is largely absent from current theorizing on this topic. Here, we address this gap by integrating evidence from social-personality, clinical, cognitive-neuroscience, and animal research to highlight the role of sensation as a tool that can be harnessed to up- or downregulate emotion. Further, we review evidence implicating sensation as a rapid and relatively effortless emotion regulation modality and highlight future research directions. Notably, we emphasize the need to examine the duration of sensory emotion regulation effects, the moderating role of individual and cultural differences, and how sensory strategies interact with other strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ethan Kross
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aliasghari P, Ghafurian M, Nehaniv CL, Dautenhahn K. How Do We Perceive Our Trainee Robots? Exploring the Impact of Robot Errors and Appearance when Performing Domestic Physical Tasks on Teachers’ Trust and Evaluations. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1145/3582516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
To be successful, robots that can learn new tasks from humans should interact effectively with them while being trained, and humans should be able to trust the robots’ abilities after teaching. Typically, human learners make mistakes, and teachers tolerate those errors, especially in case students exhibit acceptable progress overall. But how do errors and appearance of a trainee robot affect human teachers’ trust while the robot is generally improving in performing a task? First, an online survey with 173 participants investigated perceived severity of robot errors in performing a cooking task. These findings were then used in an interactive online experiment with 138 participants, in which participants were able to remotely teach their food preparation preferences to trainee robots with two different appearances. Compared to an untidy-looking robot, a tidy-looking robot was rated as more professional, without impacting participants’ trust. Furthermore, while larger errors at the end of iterative training had a greater impact, even a small error could significantly reduce trust in a trainee robot performing the domestic physical task of food preparation, regardless of the robot’s appearance. The present study extends HRI knowledge about teachers’ perception of trainee robots, particularly when teachers observe them accomplishing domestic physical tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kerstin Dautenhahn
- Social and Intelligent Robotics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu L, Xie Z, Wang H, Li L, Xu X. Mental stress and safety awareness during human-robot collaboration - Review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 105:103832. [PMID: 35772289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is an emerging research area that has gained tremendous attention in both academia and industry. Yet, the feature that humans and robots sharing the workplace has led to safety concerns. In particular, the mental stress or safety awareness of human teammates during HRC remains unclear but is also of great importance to workplace safety. In this manuscript, we reviewed twenty-five studies for understanding the relationships between HRC and workers' mental stress or safety awareness. Specifically, we aimed to understand: (1) robot-related factors that may affect human workers' mental stress or safety awareness, (2) a number of measurements that could be used to evaluate workers' mental stress in HRC, and (3) various methods for measuring safety awareness that had been adopted or could be applied in HRC. According to our literature review, robot-related factors including robot characteristics, social touching and trajectory have relationships with workers' mental stress or safety awareness. For the measurement of mental stress and safety awareness, each method mentioned has its validity and rationality. Additionally, a discussion related to the potential co-robot actions to lower mental stress or improve safety awareness as well as future implications were provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA
| | - Li Li
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xu Xu
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan I, Cañamero L. The Long-Term Efficacy of "Social Buffering" in Artificial Social Agents: Contextual Affective Perception Matters. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:699573. [PMID: 36185976 PMCID: PMC9520257 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.699573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In dynamic (social) environments, an affective state of "stress" can be adaptive and promote agent wellbeing, but maladaptive if not appropriately regulated. The presence of (and interactions with) affect-based social support has been hypothesised to provide mechanisms to regulate stress (the "social buffering" hypothesis), though the precise, underlying mechanisms are still unclear. However, the hormone oxytocin has been implicated in mediating these effects in at least two ways: by improving social appraisals and reducing the short-term release of stress hormones (i.e., cortisol), and adapting an agent's long-term stress tolerance. These effects likely facilitate an agent's long-term adaptive ability by grounding their physiological and behavioural adaptation in the (affective) social environment, though these effects also appear to be context-dependent. In this paper, we investigate whether two of the hypothesised hormonal mechanisms that underpin the "social buffering" phenomenon affect the long-term wellbeing of (artificial) social agents who share affective social bonds, across numerous social and physical environmental contexts. Building on previous findings, we hypothesise that "social buffering" effects can improve the long-term wellbeing of agents who share affective social bonds in dynamic environments, through regular prosocial interactions with social bond partners. We model some of the effects associated with oxytocin and cortisol that underpin these hypothesised mechanisms in our biologically-inspired, socially-adaptive agent model, and conduct our investigation in a small society of artificial agents whose goal is to survive in challenging environments. Our results find that, while stress can be adaptive and regulated through affective social support, long-term behavioural and physiological adaptation is determined by the contextual perception of affective social bonds, which is influenced by early-stage interactions between affective social bond partners as well as the degree of the physical and social challenges. We also show how these low-level effects associated with oxytocin and cortisol can be used as "biomarkers" of social support and environmental stress. For socially-situated artificial agents, we suggest that these "social buffering" mechanisms can adapt the (adaptive) stress mechanisms, but that the long-term efficacy of this adaptation is related to the temporal dynamics of social interactions and the contextual perception of the affective social and physical environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Embodied Emotion, Cognition, and (Inter-)Action Lab, School of Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Lola Cañamero
- Embodied Emotion, Cognition, and (Inter-)Action Lab, School of Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- ETIS Lab, CY Cergy Paris University—ENSEA—CNRS UMR8051, Cergy, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barker E, Jewitt C. Collaborative Robots and Tangled Passages of Tactile-Affects. ACM TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1145/3534090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Collaborative robots are increasingly entering industrial contexts and workflows. These contexts are not just locations for production, they are vibrant social and sensory environments. For better or for worse their entry brings potential to reorganize established tactile and affective dynamics that encompass production processes. There is still much to be learned about these highly contextual and complex dynamics in HRI research and the design of industrial robotics; common approaches in industrial collaborative robotics are restricted to evaluating ‘effective interface design’ whereas methods that seek to measure ‘affective touch’ have limited application to these industrial domains. This paper offers an extended analytical framework and methodological approach to deepen understandings of affect and touch beyond emotional responses to direct human-robot interactions. These distinct contributions are grounded in fieldwork in a glass factory with newly installed collaborative robots. They are illustrated through an ethnographic narrative that traces the emergence and circulation of affect, across
material, experiential
and
social
planes. Beyond this single case ‘tangled passages of tactile-affects’ is offered as novel and valuable concept, that is distinct from the notion of ‘affective touch’, and holds potential to generate holistic and nuanced understandings of how human experiences can be affected by the introduction of new robots in ‘the wild’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carey Jewitt
- Institute of Education, University College London
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robot touch with speech boosts positive emotions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6884. [PMID: 35477945 PMCID: PMC9046250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A gentle touch is an essential part of human interaction that produces a positive care effect. Previously, robotics studies have shown that robots can reproduce a gentle touch that elicits similar, positive emotional responses in humans. However, whether the positive emotional effects of a robot's touch combined with speech can be enhanced using a multimodal approach remains unclear. This study supports the hypothesis that a multimodal interaction combining gentle touch and speech by a robot enhances positive emotional responses. Here, we conducted an experiment using a robotic arm to perform a gentle touch combined with speech and compared three conditions: touch alone, speech alone, and touch with speech. We assessed participants' subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and human likeliness using subjective emotional responses. Furthermore, we recorded facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major muscles and measured skin conductance levels (SCLs) as physiological emotional responses. Our results show that touch combined with speech elicited higher subjective valence and arousal ratings, stronger zygomaticus major EMG and SCL activities than touch alone. The results suggest that the positive emotional effects of robotic touch can be boosted by combining elements of speech.
Collapse
|
14
|
You S, Robert LP. Subgroup formation in h
uman
–
robot
teams: A m
ulti‐study
mixed‐method approach with implications for theory and practice. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangseok You
- School of Business Sungkyunkwan University Seoul South Korea
| | - Lionel P. Robert
- School of Information Robotics Institute at University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Care robots are likely to perform increasingly sophisticated caring activities that some will consider comforting and valuable. They will get increasingly humanlike and lifelike. This paper addresses the conceptual question: Even if robots can assist and ease people's suffering, can such machines provide humanistic care? Arguably, humanistic care is the most humanly distinctive and deepest form of care there is. As such, it may be thought to show most starkly the gulf between human and robot caregiving. The paper argues that humanistic caregiving is indeed a distinctive form of 'affective' care dependent on certain uniquely human characteristics or aspects of our humanity which can provide a profound kind of comfort to suffering people. It then argues that there is an important conceptual sense in which robots cannot provide humanistic care. Nonetheless, the paper subsequently suggests that we may recognize a useful sense in which robots, of a suitably anthropomorphic type, can provide humanistic care. Robots might 'express' to people with physical, social, or emotional needs the kind of humanistic care that only human beings can provide but that sufferers can nonetheless receive comfort from precisely because of what is expressed to them. Although this sense of humanistic robot care is derivative from uniquely human care, and although it is wide open to social and ethical criticism, it is nonetheless an idea worth clarifying for anyone interested in the possibilities and limits of robot care.
Collapse
|
16
|
Umeda N, Ishihara H, Ikeda T, Asada M. The first impressions of small humanoid robots modulate the process of how touch affects personality what they are. Adv Robot 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2021.1999856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Umeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- JST Sakigake/PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Asada
- International Professional University of Technology in Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Symbiotic Intelligent System Research Center, Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou Y, Kornher T, Mohnke J, Fischer MH. Tactile Interaction with a Humanoid Robot: Effects on Physiology and Subjective Impressions. Int J Soc Robot 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-021-00749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated how touching and being touched by a humanoid robot affects human physiology, impressions of the interaction, and attitudes towards humanoid robots. 21 healthy adult participants completed a 3 (touch style: touching, being touched, pointing) × 2 (body part: hand vs buttock) within-subject design using a Pepper robot. Skin conductance response (SCR) was measured during each interaction. Perceived impressions of the interaction (i.e., friendliness, comfort, arousal) were measured per questionnaire after each interaction. Participants’ demographics and their attitude towards robots were also considered. We found shorter SCR rise times in the being touched compared to the touching condition, possibly reflecting psychological alertness to the unpredictability of robot-initiated contacts. The hand condition had shorter rise times than the buttock condition. Most participants evaluated the hand condition as most friendly and comfortable and the robot-initiated interactions as most arousing. Interacting with Pepper improved attitudes towards robots. Our findings require future studies with larger samples and improved procedures. They have implications for robot design in all domains involving tactile interactions, such as caring and intimacy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jewitt C, Price S, Steimle J, Huisman G, Golmohammadi L, Pourjafarian N, Frier W, Howard T, Ipakchian Askari S, Ornati M, Panëels S, Weda J. Manifesto for Digital Social Touch in Crisis. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.754050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative exploratory research paper presents a Manifesto for Digital Social Touch in Crisis - a provocative call to action to designers, developers and researchers to rethink and reimagine social touch through a deeper engagement with the social and sensory aspects of touch. This call is motivated by concerns that social touch is in a crisis signaled by a decline in social touch over the past 2 decades, the problematics of inappropriate social touch, and the well documented impact of a lack of social touch on communication, relationships, and well-being and health. These concerns shape how social touch enters the digital realm and raise questions for how and when the complex space of social touch is mediated by technologies, as well the societal implications. The paper situates the manifesto in the key challenges facing haptic designers and developers identified through a series of interdisciplinary collaborative workshops with participants from computer science, design, engineering, HCI and social science from both within industry and academia, and the research literature on haptics. The features and purpose of the manifesto form are described, along with our rationale for its use, and the method of the manifesto development. The starting points, opportunities and challenges, dominant themes and tensions that shaped the manifesto statements are then elaborated on. The paper shows the potential of the manifesto form to bridge between HCI, computer science and engineers, and social scientists on the topic of social touch.
Collapse
|
19
|
Human-Robot Interaction in Groups: Methodological and Research Practices. MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERACTION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/mti5100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the behavioral dynamics that underline human-robot interactions in groups remains one of the core challenges in social robotics research. However, despite a growing interest in this topic, there is still a lack of established and validated measures that allow researchers to analyze human-robot interactions in group scenarios; and very few that have been developed and tested specifically for research conducted in-the-wild. This is a problem because it hinders the development of general models of human-robot interaction, and makes the comprehension of the inner workings of the relational dynamics between humans and robots, in group contexts, significantly more difficult. In this paper, we aim to provide a reflection on the current state of research on human-robot interaction in small groups, as well as to outline directions for future research with an emphasis on methodological and transversal issues.
Collapse
|
20
|
Higashino K, Kimoto M, Iio T, Shimohara K, Shiomi M. Tactile stimulus is essential to increase motivation for touch interaction in virtual environment. Adv Robot 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2021.1967780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Higashino
- ATR-ISL, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha Univ., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Kimoto
- ATR-ISL, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio Univ., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takamasa Iio
- ATR-ISL, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Culture and Information Science, Doshisha Univ., Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Hoffmann L, Krämer NC. The persuasive power of robot touch. Behavioral and evaluative consequences of non-functional touch from a robot. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249554. [PMID: 33951034 PMCID: PMC8099132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique physical embodiment of robots enables physical contact between machines and humans. Since interpersonal touch research has demonstrated that touch has several positive behavioral (e.g., reduced stress, better immune functioning) as well as evaluative consequences (e.g., better evaluation of the initiator of touch), the question arises whether touch from a humanoid robot, the body of which is somewhat similar to that of a human, can evoke similar effects. To answer this question, we conducted a between-subjects experiment in the laboratory with n = 48 students who encountered a humanoid robot (Softbank Robotics' NAO) that either did or did not touch their hand in a non-functional manner during a counseling conversation. The analyses of participants' behavior revealed that they mostly reacted by smiling and laughing. Furthermore, participants who were touched by the robot complied significantly more frequently with a request posed by the robot during conversation, and reported better feelings compared to those who were not touched. However, there were no effects of robot touch on subjective evaluations of the robot or on the interaction experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hoffmann
- Human-Centered Design of Socio-Digital Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicole C. Krämer
- Social Psychology, Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delgosha MS, Hajiheydari N. How human users engage with consumer robots? A dual model of psychological ownership and trust to explain post-adoption behaviours. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Jørgensen J, Bojesen KB, Jochum E. Is a Soft Robot More “Natural”? Exploring the Perception of Soft Robotics in Human–Robot Interaction. Int J Soc Robot 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-021-00761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Giansanti D. The Social Robot in Rehabilitation and Assistance: What Is the Future? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:244. [PMID: 33668987 PMCID: PMC7996596 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary aims to address the field of social robots both in terms of the global situation and research perspectives. It has four polarities. First, it revisits the evolutions in robotics, which, starting from collaborative robotics, has led to the diffusion of social robots. Second, it illustrates the main fields in the employment of social robots in rehabilitation and assistance in the elderly and handicapped and in further emerging sectors. Third, it takes a look at the future directions of the research development both in terms of clinical and technological aspects. Fourth, it discusses the opportunities and limits, starting from the development and clinical use of social robots during the COVID-19 pandemic to the increase of ethical discussion on their use.
Collapse
|
26
|
Law T, Malle BF, Scheutz M. A Touching Connection: How Observing Robotic Touch Can Affect Human Trust in a Robot. Int J Soc Robot 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-020-00729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
27
|
Shiomi M, Okumura S, Kimoto M, Iio T, Shimohara K. Two is better than one: Social rewards from two agents enhance offline improvements in motor skills more than single agent. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240622. [PMID: 33147230 PMCID: PMC7641341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social rewards as praise from others enhance offline improvements in human motor skills. Does praise from artificial beings, e.g., computer-graphics-based agents (displayed agents) and robots (collocated agents), also enhance offline improvements in motor skills as effectively as praise from humans? This paper answers this question via two subsequent days’ experiment. We investigated the effect of the number of agents and their sense of presence toward offline improvement in motor skills because they are essential factors to change social effects and people’s behaviors in human-agent and human-robot interaction. Our 96 participants performed a finger-tapping task. Our results showed that those who received praise from two agents showed significantly better offline motor skill improvement than people who were praised by just one agent and those who received no praise. However, we identified no significant effects related to the sense of presence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shiomi
- Department of Agent Interaction Design Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Soto Okumura
- Department of Agent Interaction Design Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Information Systems Design, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Kimoto
- Department of Agent Interaction Design Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takamasa Iio
- Department of Agent Interaction Design Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
- Social Cognitive Engineering Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eckstein M, Mamaev I, Ditzen B, Sailer U. Calming Effects of Touch in Human, Animal, and Robotic Interaction-Scientific State-of-the-Art and Technical Advances. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:555058. [PMID: 33329093 PMCID: PMC7672023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small everyday gestures such as a tap on the shoulder can affect the way humans feel and act. Touch can have a calming effect and alter the way stress is handled, thereby promoting mental and physical health. Due to current technical advances and the growing role of intelligent robots in households and healthcare, recent research also addressed the potential of robotic touch for stress reduction. In addition, touch by non-human agents such as animals or inanimate objects may have a calming effect. This conceptual article will review a selection of the most relevant studies reporting the physiological, hormonal, neural, and subjective effects of touch on stress, arousal, and negative affect. Robotic systems capable of non-social touch will be assessed together with control strategies and sensor technologies. Parallels and differences of human-to-human touch and human-to-non-human touch will be discussed. We propose that, under appropriate conditions, touch can act as (social) signal for safety, even when the interaction partner is an animal or a machine. We will also outline potential directions for future research and clinical relevance. Thereby, this review can provide a foundation for further investigations into the beneficial contribution of touch by different agents to regulate negative affect and arousal in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Eckstein
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilshat Mamaev
- Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Sailer
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Geva N, Uzefovsky F, Levy-Tzedek S. Touching the social robot PARO reduces pain perception and salivary oxytocin levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9814. [PMID: 32555432 PMCID: PMC7299999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-human social touch improves mood and alleviates pain. No studies have so far tested the effect of human-robot emotional touch on experimentally induced pain ratings, on mood and on oxytocin levels in healthy young adults. Here, we assessed the effect of touching the robot PARO on pain perception, on mood and on salivary oxytocin levels, in 83 young adults. We measured their perceived pain, happiness state, and salivary oxytocin. For the 63 participants in the PARO group, pain was assessed in three conditions: Baseline, Touch (touching PARO) and No-Touch (PARO present). The control group (20 participants) underwent the same measurements without ever encountering PARO. There was a decrease in pain ratings and in oxytocin levels and an increase in happiness ratings compared to baseline only in the PARO group. The Touch condition yielded a larger decrease in pain ratings compared to No-Touch. These effects correlated with the participants' positive perceptions of the interaction with PARO. Participants with higher perceived ability to communicate with PARO experienced a greater hypoalgesic effect when touching PARO. We show that human-robot social touch is effective in reducing pain ratings, improving mood and - surprisingly - reducing salivary oxytocin levels in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Geva
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Florina Uzefovsky
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shelly Levy-Tzedek
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakanishi J, Sumioka H, Ishiguro H. Mediated hugs modulate impressions of Hearsay information. Adv Robot 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2020.1760933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Sumioka
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
- Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratory, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sheridan TB. A review of recent research in social robotics. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 36:7-12. [PMID: 32294577 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Research in social robotics has a different emphasis from research in robotics for factory, military, hospital, home (vacuuming), aerial (drone), space, and undersea applications. A social robot is one whose purpose is to serve a person in a caring interaction rather than to perform a mechanical task. Both because of its newness and because of its narrower psychological rather than technological emphasis, research in social robotics tends currently to be concentrated in a single journal and single annual conference. This review categorizes such a research into three areas: (1) Affect, Personality and Adaptation; (2) Sensing and Control for Action; and (3 Assistance to the Elderly and Handicapped. Current application is primarily for children's toys and devices to comfort the elderly and handicapped, as detailed in Section 'Toys and the market for social robots in general'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Sheridan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1010 Waltham Street Lexington MA 02421, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zheng X, Shiomi M, Minato T, Ishiguro H. What Kinds of Robot's Touch Will Match Expressed Emotions? IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2019.2947010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|