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Sleath B, Beznos B, Carpenter D, Thomas K, Annis I, Tudor G, Garcia N, Adjei A, Anastopoulos A, Leslie L, Coyne I. A pre-visit video/question prompt list intervention to increase youth question-asking about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pediatric visits. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 127:108320. [PMID: 38851012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an ADHD question prompt list with video intervention to increase youth question-asking and provider education about ADHD during visits. METHODS English-speaking youth ages 11-17 with ADHD and their caregivers were enrolled from two pediatric clinics. Youth were randomized to intervention or usual care groups. Intervention group adolescents watched the video and then completed an ADHD question prompt list before their visits. Multivariable regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Twenty-one providers and 102 of their patients participated. Intervention group youth were significantly more likely to ask one or more questions about ADHD and its treatment than usual care youth (odds ratio=5.4, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI)= 1.8, 15.9). Providers were significantly more likely to educate youth who asked one or more questions during visits about more ADHD medication areas (unstandardized beta=0.98, 95 % CI=0.31 to 1.64) and more non-medication strategies for ADHD (unstandardized beta=0.50, 95 % CI=0.13 to 0.88). CONCLUSION The intervention increased youth question-asking about ADHD and its treatment. Providers provided more education to youth who asked one or more questions about ADHD and its treatment. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Providers and practices should consider having youth complete ADHD question prompt lists and watch the video before visits to increase youth question-asking during visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Sleath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Bethany Beznos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Delesha Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kathleen Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Izabela Annis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gail Tudor
- Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NH, USA.
| | - Nacire Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Abena Adjei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Laurel Leslie
- American Board of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Imelda Coyne
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Jelinkova K, Charabin E, Miller C, Climie EA. Self-Stigma of Canadian Youth With ADHD and Their Parents. J Atten Disord 2024:10870547241273161. [PMID: 39219408 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241273161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is subject to stigma from the general population. Exposure to stigma poses the risk of developing self-stigma of youth and parents, but few studies have focused on self-stigma of ADHD. Furthermore, parental factors have been implicated in self-stigma of youth, but no previous research has assessed the association between self-stigma of parents and youth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to better understand the experience of self-stigma of youth and their parents in the context of ADHD. METHOD Fifty-five youth with ADHD (aged 8-17) and one parent reporter per youth completed surveys to report their experiences. RESULTS The results of this study found that both youth and parents reported significantly lower self-stigma scores compared to most previously published research. Parents of boys reported higher self-stigma scores compared to parents of girls. Youth who reported higher self-stigma also reported lower self-esteem. Self-stigma scores in youth were predicted by inattentive symptoms but not hyperactive/impulsive symptoms or parental self-stigma. CONCLUSION Results emphasize the importance of understanding self-stigma of ADHD, symptom severity, and the need for interventions for families with ADHD.
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Childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students: A correlation analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 43:87-91. [PMID: 37032021 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the correlation of Childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students. METHODS We conducted a survey to assess the childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in our college from November 1, 2021 to December 15, 2021. The parental companionship status questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and prosocial behavior questionnaire were used for survey. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation of childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students. The Bootstrap method was used to test the potentially mediating effect. RESULTS A total of 2186 college students were included. The average total companionship score was (60.52 ± 5.17), the average self-esteem scale score was (27.15 ± 8.56), the prosocial behavior questionnaire score was (61.19 ± 15.04). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that childhood parental companionship was positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.679) and prosocial behavior(r = 0.679) in included college students (all P < 0.05). Self-esteem had mediating effect on parental companionship and prosocial behavior of included college students, its mediating effect was -0.445, accounting for 77.92 % of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Childhood parental companionship is positively correlated with self-esteem and prosocial behavior, and self-esteem play a mediating role in the parental companionship and prosocial behavior of college students.
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Yu W, Qian Y, Abbey C, Wang H, Rozelle S, Stoffel LA, Dai C. The Role of Self-Esteem in the Academic Performance of Rural Students in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13317. [PMID: 36293898 PMCID: PMC9603701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-esteem of students may be significantly associated with their academic performance. However, past research in developing contexts on this issue is limited, particularly among early adolescents. Using a sample of 3101 students from rural primary and junior high schools in China, this study measured their self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and explored its association with academic performance. Our findings indicate that students in rural China had both significantly lower self-esteem and a higher prevalence of low self-esteem when compared to past studies of similarly aged students both from urban China and internationally. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between a student's self-esteem and academic performance. A one-SD increase in RSES score (indicating better self-esteem) was associated with an increase of 0.12 SD in standardized math scores (p < 0.001), and students with low self-esteem (RSES score < 25) scored lower on math tests by 0.14 SD (p < 0.001), which were robust and consistent when employing the propensity score matching method. Our study expands the growing body of empirical evidence on the link between self-esteem and academic performance among rural youth in developing countries and emphasizes the need to improve their self-esteem with the aim of helping them achieve academically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yu
- China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yiwei Qian
- Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lauren Ann Stoffel
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chenxu Dai
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Ciupitu-Plath C, Wiegand S, Babitsch B. The Weight Bias Internalization Scale for Youth: Validation of a Specific Tool for Assessing Internalized Weight Bias Among Treatment-Seeking German Adolescents With Overweight. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 43:40-51. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Savill NC, Buitelaar JK, Anand E, Day KA, Treuer T, Upadhyaya HP, Coghill D. The efficacy of atomoxetine for the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a comprehensive review of over a decade of clinical research. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:131-51. [PMID: 25698145 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atomoxetine was first licensed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in the US in 2002. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review subsequent publications addressing the efficacy of atomoxetine in 6- to 18-year-olds with ADHD. We identified 125 eligible papers using a predefined search strategy. Overall, these papers demonstrate that atomoxetine is an effective treatment for the core ADHD symptoms (effect sizes 0.6-1.3, vs. placebo, at 6-18 weeks), and improves functional outcomes and quality of life, in various pediatric populations with ADHD (i.e., males/females, patients with co-morbidities, children/adolescents, and with/without prior exposure to other ADHD medications). Initial responses to atomoxetine may be apparent within 1 week of treatment, but can take longer (median 23 days in a 6-week study; n=72). Responses often build gradually over time, and may not be robust until after 3 months. A pooled analysis of six randomized placebo-controlled trials (n=618) indicated that responses at 4 weeks may predict response at 6-9 weeks, although another pooled analysis of open-label data (n=338) suggests that the probability of a robust response to atomoxetine [≥40% decrease in ADHD-Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) scores] may continue to increase beyond 6-9 weeks. Atomoxetine may demonstrate similar efficacy to methylphenidate, particularly immediate-release methylphenidate, although randomized controlled trials are generally limited by short durations (3-12 weeks). In conclusion, notwithstanding these positive findings, before initiating treatment with atomoxetine, it is important that the clinician sets appropriate expectations for the patient and their family with regard to the likelihood of a gradual response, which often builds over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Savill
- Eli Lilly and Co., Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 9NL, UK,
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Wehmeier PM, Schacht A, Dittmann RW, Helsberg K, Schneider-Fresenius C, Lehmann M, Bullinger M, Ravens-Sieberer U. Effect of atomoxetine on quality of life and family burden: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder. Qual Life Res 2010; 20:691-702. [PMID: 21136299 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of atomoxetine on quality of life (QoL) and family burden in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid oppositional defiant (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD). METHODS This secondary analysis was based on a randomized, double-blind, 9-week study of atomoxetine (target dose 1.2 mg/kg body weight) versus placebo. The study included 180 patients (atomoxetine 121, placebo 59), aged 6-17 years. QoL was measured using the KINDL-R questionnaire. The total score encompasses six dimensions (or subscales) measuring QoL in terms of "physical well-being", "emotional well-being", "self-esteem", "friends", "family", and "school". Family burden of illness was measured using the FaBel questionnaire. RESULTS With atomoxetine, the KINDL-R total score improved significantly (P = 0.021) more than with placebo. This improvement also applied to the subscales except for "physical well-being" (opposite effect) and "school" (no effect). No significant treatment group differences were seen on the FaBel questionnaire. No differences were found between the fast and slow titration groups in terms of ADHD, ODD, and disruptive behavior severity. Furthermore, no such differences were observed for QoL and family burden. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests positive effects of atomoxetine on quality of life, as measured by the KINDL-R scores on emotional well-being, self-esteem, friends and family, in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid ODD/CD. No significant treatment effects were seen on family burden, as measured by FaBel total score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Wehmeier
- Medical Department, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Werner-Reimers-Strasse 2-4, Bad Homburg, Germany.
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