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Phipps D, Green WT, Aho R, Kettunen E, Biddle S, Hamilton K, Laukkanen A, Aunola K, Chan DK, Hankonen N, Hassandra M, Kärkkäinen T, Kykyri VL, Polet J, Rhodes R, Ruiz MC, Sääkslahti A, Schneider J, Toivonen HM, Lintunen T, Hagger M, Knittle K. A Web-Based Physical Activity Promotion Intervention for Inactive Parent-Child Dyads: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55960. [PMID: 38512336 PMCID: PMC10995784 DOI: 10.2196/55960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of physical activity are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, yet sedentary lifestyles are common among both children and adults. Physical activity levels tend to decline steeply among children aged between 8 and 12 years, even though children's behavioral patterns are largely governed by familial structures. Similarly, parents' activity levels have been generally reported as lower than those of nonparents of comparable age. For this reason, family-based physical activity promotion interventions are a potentially valuable and relatively underresearched method for mitigating physical activity declines as children develop into adolescents and for increasing physical activity in parents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of a novel theory-based web-based physical activity promotion intervention among parent-child dyads in Finland who do not meet physical activity recommendations at baseline. METHODS Participants (target N=254) will be recruited from the general population using a panel company and advertisements on social media and randomly assigned to either an immediate intervention group or a waitlist control group. The intervention consists of 4 web-based group workshops over the course of 10 weeks, web-based tasks and resources, and a social support chat group. Data on physical activity behavior and constructs from the integrated behavior change model will be collected through self-report surveys assessing physical activity, autonomy support, autonomous motivation, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, self-monitoring, habit, and accelerometer measurements at baseline, post intervention, and 3 months post intervention. Exit interviews with participants will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention procedures. RESULTS This study will reveal whether the intervention changes leisure-time physical activity among intervention participants relative to the control group and will examine the intervention's effects on important theoretical predictors of physical activity. It will also yield data that can be used to refine intervention materials and inform further implementation. Trial recruitment commenced in September 2023, and data collection should be completed by December 2024. CONCLUSIONS The planned intervention has potential implications for both theory and practice. Practically, the use of an entirely web-based intervention may have scalable future uses for improving physical activity in 2 key populations, while also potentially informing on the value of dyadic, family-based strategies for encouraging an active lifestyle as an alternative to strategies that target either parents or children independently. Further, by assessing change in psychological constructs alongside potential change in behavior, the intervention also allows for important tests of theory regarding which constructs are most linked to favorable behavior change outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06070038; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06070038. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Phipps
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Weldon Thomas Green
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Reetta Aho
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eeva Kettunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Arto Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Derwin King Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mary Hassandra
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Tommi Kärkkäinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Juho Polet
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Jyväskylä and University of Turku, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Montse C Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jekaterina Schneider
- Centre for Appearance Research, School of Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna-Mari Toivonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taru Lintunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martin Hagger
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California - Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Keegan Knittle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Zhang R, Zhang CQ, Gu D. Integrating perceived physical environments and the theory of planned behaviors when explaining adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in Chinese adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14530. [PMID: 37909309 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES Most adolescents worldwide do not meet 24-h movement guidelines, which recommend specific level of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep for optimal health. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of understanding regarding how social cognitive and physical environmental factors influence adolescents' compliance with these guidelines. This prospective study aimed to examine the associations between perceived physical environments, constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), habit strength, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in Chinese adolescents over a three-month period. METHODS A total of 629 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.59 years, SD = 0.64) completed a set of questionnaires comprising perceived physical environmental characteristics, constructs of the TPB, habit strength, and 24-h movement behaviors at baseline and 3 months later. Data analysis was conducted using variance-based structural equation modeling. RESULTS Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had a direct effect on intention and intention had a direct effect on number of the guidelines being met. Habit strength was a significant predictor of adherence to the guidelines, although its moderating effect on the intention-behavior relationship was not significant. Perceived neighborhood facility accessibility, school facility availability, and home physical activity equipment had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. However, constructs of the TPB did not serve as mediators in the relationship between perceived physical environments and the number of guidelines being met. CONCLUSION This study offers preliminary evidence supporting the integration of perceived physical environments and the TPB in predicting adolescents' adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. Future research should consider using experimental study designs with rigorous measures of 24-h movement behaviors to establish causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dacheng Gu
- School of Physical Education & Health, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
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Alanazi EM, Alanazi AMM, Albuhairy AH, Alanazi AAA. Sleep Hygiene Practices and Its Impact on Mental Health and Functional Performance Among Adults in Tabuk City: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36221. [PMID: 37069886 PMCID: PMC10105495 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor or imperfect sleep hygiene practices include all factors that promote arousal or disrupt the normal balance of the sleep-wake cycle. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between sleep hygiene behaviors and a person's mental health. This may allow a better understanding of this problem and might help design effective awareness programs about good sleep hygiene practices for reducing the serious outcomes of this problem. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate sleep hygiene practices and assess the impact of sleep hygiene on sleep quality and the mental health of the adult population of Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia in 2022. All adult residents of Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia were invited to participate. Participants with incomplete data were excluded from the study. A self-administered questionnaire was developed by the researchers to assess sleep hygiene practices and their impact on the sleep quality and mental health of the study participants. Results The study included 384 adults. There was a significant association between the frequency of sleep problems and poor sleep hygiene practices (p < 0.001). The percentage of subjects who had problems sleeping during the past three months was significantly higher among those having poor sleep hygiene practices (76.5%) than their counterparts (56.1%). The rates of excessive or severe daytime sleepiness were significantly higher among individuals with poor hygiene practices (22.5% versus 11.7% and 5.2% versus 1.2%, p = 0.001). Participants with depression were found to be significantly higher among the poor hygiene group (75.8%) in comparison to those having good hygiene practices (59.6%) (p = 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the present study indicate significant associations between poor sleep hygiene practices and sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and depression among adult residents of Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia.
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Schmidt LI, Steenbock LM, Sieverding M. Improving Sleep Among Teachers: an Implementation-Intention Intervention. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:49-61. [PMID: 35233749 PMCID: PMC9879815 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep is common among teachers and is associated with diverse health risks. This study aimed to predict intention and sleep duration by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and to examine the effectiveness of an implementation-intention intervention to improve sleep duration and quality. METHOD Sixty-nine teachers (M = 36.8 years, SD = 10.4) were assigned to an active control group (CG) or intervention group (IG). At baseline, TPB variables were assessed and participants of the IG received instructions to develop implementation intentions to reach the goal of sleeping 8 h on average. During a 3-week intervention period, all participants wore an activity tracker (Fitbit Charge HR) to measure sleep duration and kept diaries to assess sleep quality, physical activity, and stress. After 1 month, a 1-week follow-up, including a booster for the IG, was conducted. RESULTS Forty-two percent of variance in sleep duration were explained by control variables, past behavior, perceived behavioral control, and intention. Mixed ANOVAS with baseline covariates found a large main effect with longer sleep duration in the IG. A time x group interaction suggested that only the IG slept significantly longer in the follow-up period compared to the intervention period. For sleep quality, a medium-sized main effect for study group was found and a time x group interaction indicated higher sleep quality in the IG for week 3 and the follow-up. CONCLUSION The TPB was effective in predicting sleep intention and duration. Implementation intentions accompanied by daily monitoring and a booster appear to be promising for improving sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Schmidt
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Gender Studies and Health Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lisa M Steenbock
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Gender Studies and Health Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Sieverding
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Gender Studies and Health Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Babicki M, Piotrowski P, Mastalerz-Migas A. Assessment of Insomnia Symptoms, Quality of Life, Daytime Sleepiness, and Psychoactive Substance Use among Polish Students: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey for Years 2016–2021 before and during COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082106. [PMID: 35456199 PMCID: PMC9026410 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are a serious health problem worldwide, and insomnia is their most common manifestation. An increasing number of people have insomnia every year, young adults, especially. Due to the importance that sleep has in almost every aspect of our lives, the need to monitor disturbances in circadian rhythms has arisen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among Polish students, including their quality of life (QOL) and drug use patterns. The study also investigated associations between sleep, QoL, and drug use. The study was conducted in 2016–2021 based on the self-made sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as standardized psychometric tools: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Manchester Short Assessment of quality of life (MANSA). A total of 14,844 students participated in the study. The majority were women (80.7%), of which 3425 (23.1%) were medical students, with the most numerous representing medical and dental faculties, 1884 (57.2%). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 52.1% of the surveys were collected; 54.1% of respondents had insomnia as indicated by the AIS scores, and 26.1% displayed sleepiness during the day. Female students, the first-year college students, more often suffered from sleep disorders. Drug use was widespread among Polish students, correlating with sleep assessment results and QoL. In conclusion, sleep disorders are a significant clinical problem among Polish students. Female and junior students’ years are more prone to sleep deprivation. Insufficient sleep can be associated with a lower QoL score and psychoactive substance use. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep are not conclusive, because there was decreasing quality for longer sleep durations. In order to analyze these associations, there is a need for further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Section of Epidemiology and Social Psychiatry, Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-16-52
| | - Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.-M.)
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Pakpour AH, Lin CK, Safdari M, Lin CY, Chen SH, Hamilton K. Using an Integrated Social Cognition Model to Explain Green Purchasing Behavior among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312663. [PMID: 34886395 PMCID: PMC8656670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Strengthening pro-environmental behaviors such as green purchasing behavior is important for environmental sustainability. An integrated social cognition model which incorporates constructs from habit theory, health action process approach (HAPA), and theory of planned behavior (TPB) is adopted to understand Iranian adolescents’ green purchasing behavior. Using a correlational-prospective design, the study recruited Iranian adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years (N = 2374, n = 1362 (57.4%) females, n = 1012 (42.6%) males; Mean (SD) age = 15.56 (1.22)). At baseline (T1), participants self-reported on the following constructs: past behavior; habit strength (from habit theory); action planning and coping planning (from HAPA); and intention, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude (from TPB) with respect to green purchasing behavior. Six months later (T2), participants self-reported on their actions in terms of purchasing green goods. Our findings reported direct effects of perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, attitude, and past behavior on intention; intention and perceived behavioral control on green purchase behavior; intention on two types of planning (i.e., action and coping planning); both types of planning on green purchase behavior; and past green purchase behavior and habits on prospectively measured green purchase behavior. These results indicate that adolescent green purchasing behavior is underpinned by constructs representing motivational, volitional, and automatic processes. This knowledge can help inform the development of theory-based behavior change interventions to improve green purchasing in adolescents, a key developmental period where climate change issues are salient and increased independence and demands in making self-guided decisions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran;
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 55111 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Cheng-Kuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Mahdi Safdari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran;
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia;
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Ng HTH, Zhang CQ, Phipps D, Zhang R, Hamilton K. Effects of anxiety and sleep on academic engagement among university students. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1965854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hei Tung Heather Ng
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Phipps
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Hoyt MA. Furthering the Focus on Translational Sleep Science in Behavioral Medicine. Int J Behav Med 2021; 28:159-161. [PMID: 33765214 PMCID: PMC8016811 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Translational sleep science has become a critical and fundamental focus in the field of behavioral medicine. This is the second issue in the special series of the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine focused on the physiological, psychological, social, and environmental concomitants of sleep and human health. The articles included in this issue draw further attention to the range and significance of sleep as a marker of health status and as a target of behavioral intervention. The research included in this series highlights the pervasive manner in which sleep health is intrinsically connected to health risk, behavior, and outcomes. The next decade promises to further behavioral medicine approaches to improving the provision of care and the overall public health through the implementation of translational sleep science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hoyt
- Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, University of California, 653 E Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 95697-3957, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, USA.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Zhang CQ, Fang R, Zhang R, Hagger MS, Hamilton K. Predicting Hand Washing and Sleep Hygiene Behaviors among College Students: Test of an Integrated Social-Cognition Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041209. [PMID: 32069991 PMCID: PMC7068472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Hand washing and sleep hygiene are two important health behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to identify the motivational and volitional antecedents of college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors based on an integrated model of behavior that combined social-cognition constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Methods: Using a prospective design, college students (N = 1106) completed a survey assessing the motivational constructs of action self-efficacy, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene at Time 1. Demographic variables were also collected. One month later, at Time 2, college students (N = 524) self-reported on their volitional factors of maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, coping planning, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene. A further 2 months later, at Time 3, college students (N = 297) were asked to self-report on their hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors over the past month. Findings: Data were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modelling. Results showed significant direct effects of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on intentions; significant direct effects of action self-efficacy on maintenance self-efficacy; and significant direct effects of maintenance self-efficacy on action planning and coping planning. Significant direct effects of intention on action planning (sleep hygiene only), and significant direct effects of intention, maintenance self-efficacy (hand washing only), action and coping planning on behavior were also observed. Action planning also moderated the intention–behavior relationship, but only for hand washing. There were also significant total indirect effects of action self-efficacy on behavior mediated by maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, and coping planning for both behaviors, and significant total indirect effects of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on behavior mediated by intention for sleep hygiene. When past behavior was included in the integrated model predicting all the psychological variables and behavior, all of the structural relations were attenuated. Discussion: Current findings indicate that college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors are a function of both motivational and volitional factors. Findings also indicate that the TPB and HAPA pathways might differ for the two health behaviors. Implications of the current findings for future health interventions aimed at improving college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.-Q.Z.); (R.F.); Tel.: +852-3411-6404 (C.-Q.Z.); Fax: +852-3411-5757 (C.-Q.Z.)
| | - Rongyu Fang
- Department of Hygiene and Health Management, Qujing Medical College, Qujing 655011, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Q.Z.); (R.F.); Tel.: +852-3411-6404 (C.-Q.Z.); Fax: +852-3411-5757 (C.-Q.Z.)
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Sports Science & Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA;
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia;
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia;
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