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Biernat K, Kuciel N, Mazurek J, Hap K. Is It Possible to Train the Endothelium?-A Narrative Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:616. [PMID: 38792637 PMCID: PMC11121998 DOI: 10.3390/life14050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the adaptive effects of physical training on the endothelium. The endothelium plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of vessel walls and regulating vascular tone, structure, and homeostasis. Regular exercise, known for its promotion of cardiovascular health, can enhance endothelial function through various mechanisms. The specific health benefits derived from exercise are contingent upon the type and intensity of physical training. The review examines current clinical evidence supporting exercise's protective effects on the vascular endothelium and identifies potential therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction. There is an urgent need to develop preventive strategies and gain a deeper understanding of the distinct impacts of exercise on the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Kuciel
- University Rehabilitation Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.B.); (J.M.); (K.H.)
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Milcheva R, Hurníková Z, Todorova K, Dilcheva V, Petkova S, Janega P, Babál P. Down-regulation of neuronal form of Nitric oxide synthase in the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis. Helminthologia 2024; 61:40-45. [PMID: 38659468 PMCID: PMC11038256 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and Ca2+ are critical regulators of skeletal muscle exercise performance and fatigue. The major source of NO in skeletal muscle cells is the neuronal form of the enzyme Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). One of the most peculiar characteristics of the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is the complete loss of the contractile capabilities of its derivative striated muscle fiber. The aim of the present study was to clarify the expression of nNOS protein and mRNA in striated muscles during the muscle phase of T. spiralis infection in mice. Muscle tissue samples were collected from mice at days 0, 14, 24, and 35 post infection (d.p.i.). The expression of nNOS was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of mRNA of mouse Nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nos1) by real-time PCR. The presence of nNOS protein was still well observable in the disintegrated sarcoplasm at the early stage of infection. The cytoplasm of the developing and mature Nurse cell showed the absence of this protein. At least at the beginning of the Nurse cell development, Trichinella uses the same repairing process of skeletal muscle cell, induced after any trauma and this corroborates very well our results concerning the nNOS expression on day 14 p.i. At a later stage, however, we could suggest that the down-regulation of nNOS in the Nurse cell of T. spiralis either serves a protective function or is an outcome of the genetic identity of the Nurse cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Milcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., block 25, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
| | - Z. Hurníková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04 001Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - K. Todorova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., block 25, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
| | - V. Dilcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., block 25, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
| | - S. Petkova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., block 25, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
| | - P. Janega
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Babál
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Hjortshoej MH, Aagaard P, Storgaard CD, Juneja H, Lundbye‐Jensen J, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14030. [PMID: 37732509 PMCID: PMC10909497 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy-load free-flow resistance exercise (HL-FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL-FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL-BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL-FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL-BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). AIM The aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post-exercise), intermediate (10-20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL-BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults. METHODS A systematic literature search of randomized and non-randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS-1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups. RESULTS A total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL-BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post-exercise phases. LL-BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL-FFRE. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LL-BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL-FFRE and HL-FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - P. Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - C. D. Storgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Juneja
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - J. Lundbye‐Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - S. P. Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
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Allen JD. Nitric oxide as a mediator of exercise performance: NO pain NO gain. Nitric Oxide 2023; 136-137:8-11. [PMID: 37116609 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Kwon OS, Decker ST, Zhao J, Hoidal JR, Heuckstadt T, Sanders KA, Richardson RS, Layec G. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in mitochondrial function and cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:261-269. [PMID: 36586455 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are poorly understood. Indirect evidence has recently suggested a role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) in the pathophysiology of COPD. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the redox balance and mitochondrial alterations in the skeletal muscle of a mouse model deficient in the receptor for AGE (RAGE-KO) and wild-type C57BL/6 exposed to cigarette smoke for 8-months using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, and high-resolution respirometry. Cigarette smoke exposure increased by two-fold 4-HNE levels (P < 0.001), a marker of oxidative stress, and markedly downregulated contractile proteins, mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and uncoupling proteins levels (P < 0.001). Functional alterations with cigarette smoke exposure included a greater reliance on complex-I supported respiration (P < 0.01) and lower relative respiratory capacity for fatty acid (P < 0.05). RAGE knockout resulted in 47% lower 4-HNE protein levels than the corresponding WT control mice exposed to cigarette smoke (P < 0.05), which was partly attributed to increased Complex III protein levels. Independent of cigarette smoke exposure, RAGE KO decreased mitochondrial specific maximal respiration (P < 0.05), resulting in a compensatory increase in mitochondrial content measured by citrate synthase activity (P < 0.001) such that muscle respiratory capacity remained unaltered. Together, these findings suggest that knockout of RAGE protected the skeletal muscle against oxidative damage induced by 8 months of cigarette smoke exposure. In addition, this study supports a role for RAGE in regulating mitochondrial content and function and can thus serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; UConn Center on Aging and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen T Decker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Jia Zhao
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John R Hoidal
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas Heuckstadt
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karl A Sanders
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA; Institute of Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
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Cáceres-Ayala C, Mira RG, Acuña MJ, Brandan E, Cerpa W, Rebolledo DL. Episodic Binge-like Ethanol Reduces Skeletal Muscle Strength Associated with Atrophy, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in Young Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021655. [PMID: 36675170 PMCID: PMC9861047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge Drinking (BD) corresponds to episodes of ingestion of large amounts of ethanol in a short time, typically ≤2 h. BD occurs across all populations, but young and sports-related people are especially vulnerable. However, the short- and long-term effects of episodic BD on skeletal muscle function have been poorly explored. Young rats were randomized into two groups: control and episodic Binge-Like ethanol protocol (BEP) (ethanol 3 g/kg IP, 4 episodes of 2-days ON-2-days OFF paradigm). Muscle function was evaluated two weeks after the last BEP episode. We found that rats exposed to BEP presented decreased muscle strength and increased fatigability, compared with control animals. Furthermore, we observed that skeletal muscle from rats exposed to BEP presented muscle atrophy, evidenced by reduced fiber size and increased expression of atrophic genes. We also observed that BEP induced fibrotic and inflammation markers, accompanied by mislocalization of nNOSµ and high levels of protein nitration. Our findings suggest that episodic binge-like ethanol exposure alters contractile capacity and increases fatigue by mechanisms involving atrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation, which remain for at least two weeks after ethanol clearance. These pathological features are common to several neuromuscular diseases and might affect muscle performance and health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Cáceres-Ayala
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Rodrigo G. Mira
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - María José Acuña
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Daniela L. Rebolledo
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (D.L.R.)
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7
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Boehler JF, Brown KJ, Beatka M, Gonzalez JP, Donisa Dreghici R, Soustek-Kramer M, McGonigle S, Ganot A, Palmer T, Lowie C, Chamberlain JS, Lawlor MW, Morris CA. Clinical potential of microdystrophin as a surrogate endpoint. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:40-49. [PMID: 36575103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated approval based on a likely surrogate endpoint can be life-changing for patients suffering from a rare progressive disease with unmet medical need, as it substantially hastens access to potentially lifesaving therapies. In one such example, antisense morpholinos were approved to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) based on measurement of shortened dystrophin in skeletal muscle biopsies as a surrogate biomarker. New, promising therapeutics for DMD include AAV gene therapy to restore another form of dystrophin termed mini- or microdystrophin. AAV-microdystrophins are currently in clinical trials but have yet to be accepted by regulatory agencies as reasonably likely surrogate endpoints. To evaluate microdystrophin expression as a reasonably likely surrogate endpoint for DMD, this review highlights dystrophin biology in the context of functional and clinical benefit to support the argument that microdystrophin proteins have a high probability of providing clinical benefit based on their rational design. Unlike exon-skipping based strategies, the approach of rational design allows for functional capabilities (i.e. quality) of the protein to be maximized with every patient receiving the same optimized microdystrophin. Therefore, the presence of rationally designed microdystrophin in a muscle biopsy is likely to predict clinical benefit and is consequently a strong candidate for a surrogate endpoint analysis to support accelerated approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Boehler
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Kristy J Brown
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Margaret Beatka
- Diverge TSL, 247 Freshwater Way Suite 610, Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States
| | - J Patrick Gonzalez
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | | | | | - Sharon McGonigle
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Annie Ganot
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Timothy Palmer
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Caitlin Lowie
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, United States
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Diverge TSL, 247 Freshwater Way Suite 610, Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States
| | - Carl A Morris
- Solid Biosciences, 500 Rutherford Avenue 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02129, United States.
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Piknova B, Woessner MN, de Zevallos JO, Kraus WE, VanBruggen MD, Schechter AN, Allen JD. Human skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: Effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation and exercise. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15531. [PMID: 36461652 PMCID: PMC9718944 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle may act as a reservoir for N-oxides following inorganic nitrate supplementation. This idea is most intriguing in individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who are unable to endogenously upregulate nitric oxide. This study analyzed plasma and skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations along with exercise performance, prior to and following 12-weeks of exercise training combined with oral inorganic nitrate supplementation (EX+BR) or placebo (EX+PL) in participants with PAD. Non-supplemented, at baseline, there were no differences in plasma and muscle nitrate. For nitrite, muscle concentration was higher than plasma (+0.10 nmol.g-1 ). After 12 -weeks, acute oral nitrate increased both plasma and muscle nitrate (455.04 and 121.14 nmol.g-1 , p < 0.01), which were correlated (r = 0.63, p < 0.01), plasma nitrate increase was greater than in muscle (p < 0.01). Nitrite increased in the plasma (1.01 nmol.g-1 , p < 0.05) but not in the muscle (0.22 nmol.g-1 ) (p < 0.05 between compartments). Peak walk time (PWT) increased in both groups (PL + 257.6 s;BR + 315.0 s). Six-minute walk (6 MW) distance increased only in the (EX+BR) group (BR + 75.4 m). We report no substantial gradient of nitrate (or nitrite) from skeletal muscle to plasma, suggesting a lack of reservoir-like function in participants with PAD. Oral nitrate supplementation produced increases in skeletal muscle nitrate, but not skeletal muscle nitrite. The related changes in nitrate concentration between plasma and muscle suggests a potential for inter-compartmental nitrate "communication". Skeletal muscle did not appear to play a role in within compartment nitrate reduction. Muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations did not appear to contribute to exercise performance in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDKNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human DevelopmentUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mitch D. VanBruggen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alan N. Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDKNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jason D. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human DevelopmentUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Skeletal muscle as a reservoir for nitrate and nitrite: The role of xanthine oxidase reductase (XOR). Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Effect of 10 km run on lower limb skin temperature and thermal response after a cold-stress test over the following 24 h. J Therm Biol 2022; 105:103225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effect of fatigue strength exercise on anterior thigh skin temperature rewarming after cold stress test. J Therm Biol 2021; 101:103098. [PMID: 34879916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although dynamic thermography skin temperature assessment has been used in medical field, scientific evidence in sports is scarce. The aim of the study was to assess changes in anterior thigh skin temperature in response to a cold stress test after a strength exercise fatiguing protocol. Ten physically active adults performed a familiarization session and two strength exercise sessions, one with dominant and the other with non-dominant lower limb. Participants performed bouts of 10 concentric and eccentric contractions of leg extensions in an isokinetic device until reaching around 30% of force loss. Infrared thermographic images were taken at baseline conditions and after the fatigue level from both thighs after being cooled using a cryotherapy system. ROIs included vastus medialis, rectus femoris, adductor and vastus lateralis. Skin temperature rewarming was assessed during 180s after the cooling process obtaining the coefficients of the following equation: ΔSkin temperature = β0 + β1 * ln(T), being β0 and β1 the constant and slope coefficients, respectively, T the time elapsed following the cold stress in seconds, and ΔSkin temperature the difference between the skin temperature at T respect and the pre-cooling moment. Lower β0 and higher β1 were found for vastus lateralis and rectus femoris in the intervention lower limb compared with baseline conditions (p < 0.05 and ES > 0.6). Adductor only showed differences in β0 (p = 0.01 and ES = 0.92). The regressions models obtained showed that β0 and β1 had a direct relationship with age and muscle mass, but an inverse relationship with the number of series performed until 30% of fatigue (R2 = 0.8). In conclusion, fatigue strength exercise results in a lower skin temperature and a faster thermal increase after a cold stress test.
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Liu D, Liu DC, Fan H, Wang Y. Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC08 Attenuates Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice Through Its Antioxidant Effects and Effective Intervention of Galactooligosaccharide. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:5151-5164. [PMID: 34992351 PMCID: PMC8714972 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s317456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study is to study the antioxidant effect of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC08 (CQPC08) on exercise-induced fatigue, and the beneficial intervention of GOS on CQPC08. Methods We use the treadmill to establish a fatigue model caused by exercise, and perform drug treatment after exercise. We tested the exhaustive exercise time of mice; investigated the changes of mice body weight, liver index, histopathology, serum biochemical indicators and mRNA expression levels of oxidative and inflammation-related genes; and assessed the potential fatigue inhibitory effect of CQPC08, and the anti-oxidation effect of the combination of GOS and CQPC08. Results The results suggest that CQPC08 and combination with GOS reduces fatigue-induced oxidative damage of the liver, and it decreases blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid (LA), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), malonaldehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in serum. Higher levels of serum catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found. Treatment with the CQPC08 and combination with GOS correlates with lower relative mRNA expression levels of neuronal NOS (nNOS), iNOS, and TNF-α, and with higher mRNA expression levels of catalase and copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) and manganese (Mn) SOD enzymes in the liver and muscles. Conclusion These results suggest that CQPC08 can resolve exercise-induced fatigue by improving antioxidant ability in mice, and the combination of GOS and CQPC08 enhances this ability of CQPC08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Development Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Education Major in Physical Education, University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Las Pinas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Da Chuan Liu
- Student Affairs Department, Jiangmen Preschool Education College, Jiangmen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Fan
- School of Tourism and Service Management, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Cultural Industries and Cultural Policy, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Wang
- Orthopedics Department, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu Wang Orthopedics Department, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18609886338 Email
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13
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Piknova B, Schechter AN, Park JW, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 50:2-13. [PMID: 34669624 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-enzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been recently described. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy ageing and nitrate supplementation may be useful for treatment of specific pathophysiologies as well as enhancing normal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S. Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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14
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Sánchez-Ureña B, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Priego-Quesada JI. Relationship between Skin Temperature Variation and Muscle Damage Markers after a Marathon Performed in a Hot Environmental Condition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080725. [PMID: 34440468 PMCID: PMC8398954 DOI: 10.3390/life11080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of a marathon running at a hot environmental temperature on the baseline skin temperature (Tsk) of the posterior day and to analyze the relationship between Tsk response and muscle damage markers variation. The Tsk, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase of 16 marathon runners were assessed four times before (15 days and 45 min) and after (24 h and 6 days) a marathon in a hot environment (thermal stress index = 28.3 ± 3.3 °C and humidity ~81%). The Tsk of thirteen different body regions of both right and left lower limbs were analyzed. Higher values after the marathon were observed than 45 min before in creatine kinase (174.3 ± 136.4 UI/L < 1159.7 ± 699.7 UI/L, p < 0.01 and large effect size) and lactate dehydrogenase (362.6 ± 99.9 UI/L < 438 ± 115.5 UI/L, p = 0.02 and moderate effect size). Generally, Tsk was higher the day after the marathon than at the other three moments (e.g., rectus femoris region, 6 days before vs. the day after, 95% confidence interval of the difference (0.3, 1.6 °C), p = 0.04 and large effect size). No relationship or correlation was observed between the variation of Tsk and muscle damage markers (p > 0.05). In conclusion, performing a marathon in a hot environmental condition results in a higher Tsk the day after the marathon. This increase in Tsk could be because of the heat generated by the marathon and its subsequent physiological processes (e.g., increase in endothelial nitric oxide, glycogen resynthesis, or increase of systemic hormones), which would be reflected in the Tsk due to the peripheral vasodilation promoted by the hot environment. However, among these processes, muscle damage does not seem to be of great importance due to the lack of an observed relationship between Tsk and muscle damage markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab&Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento Deportivo y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (B.S.-U.); (J.C.G.-V.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.I.P.-Q.); Tel.: +506-88250219 (D.R.-V.)
| | - Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento Deportivo y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (B.S.-U.); (J.C.G.-V.)
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento Deportivo y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (B.S.-U.); (J.C.G.-V.)
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Núcleo de Estudios en Alto Rendimiento Deportivo y Salud (NARS), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (B.S.-U.); (J.C.G.-V.)
- Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y Rehabilitación en Salud (CEDERSA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Jose I. Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.I.P.-Q.); Tel.: +506-88250219 (D.R.-V.)
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15
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Andonian BJ, Johannemann A, Hubal MJ, Pober DM, Koss A, Kraus WE, Bartlett DB, Huffman KM. Altered skeletal muscle metabolic pathways, age, systemic inflammation, and low cardiorespiratory fitness associate with improvements in disease activity following high-intensity interval training in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:187. [PMID: 34246305 PMCID: PMC8272378 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), improves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory disease activity via unclear mechanisms. Because exercise requires skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle molecular pathways may contribute. The purpose of this study was to identify connections between skeletal muscle molecular pathways, RA disease activity, and RA disease activity improvements following HIIT. Methods RA disease activity assessments and vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsies were performed in two separate cohorts of persons with established, seropositive, and/or erosive RA. Body composition and objective physical activity assessments were also performed in both the cross-sectional cohort and the longitudinal group before and after 10 weeks of HIIT. Baseline clinical assessments and muscle RNA gene expression were correlated with RA disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) and DAS-28 improvements following HIIT. Skeletal muscle gene expression changes with HIIT were evaluated using analysis of covariance and biological pathway analysis. Results RA inflammatory disease activity was associated with greater amounts of intramuscular adiposity and less vigorous aerobic exercise (both p < 0.05). HIIT-induced disease activity improvements were greatest in those with an older age, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and a skeletal muscle molecular profile indicative of altered metabolic pathways (p < 0.05 for all). Specifically, disease activity improvements were linked to baseline expression of RA skeletal muscle genes with cellular functions to (1) increase amino acid catabolism and interconversion (GLDC, BCKDHB, AASS, PYCR, RPL15), (2) increase glycolytic lactate production (AGL, PDK2, LDHB, HIF1A), and (3) reduce oxidative metabolism via altered beta-oxidation (PXMP2, ACSS2), TCA cycle flux (OGDH, SUCLA2, MDH1B), and electron transport chain complex I function (NDUFV3). The muscle mitochondrial glycine cleavage system (GCS) was identified as critically involved in RA disease activity improvements given upregulation of multiple GCS genes at baseline, while GLDC was significantly downregulated following HIIT. Conclusion In the absence of physical activity, RA inflammatory disease activity is associated with transcriptional remodeling of skeletal muscle metabolism. Following exercise training, the greatest improvements in disease activity occur in older, more inflamed, and less fit persons with RA. These exercise training-induced immunomodulatory changes may occur via reprogramming muscle bioenergetic and amino acid/protein homeostatic pathways. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02528344. Registered on 19 August 2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02570-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Andonian
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew Johannemann
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis School of Health & Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alec Koss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Kolodziej F, O’Halloran KD. Re-Evaluating the Oxidative Phenotype: Can Endurance Exercise Save the Western World? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:609. [PMID: 33921022 PMCID: PMC8071436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are popularly called the "powerhouses" of the cell. They promote energy metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which in contrast to cytosolic glycolysis are oxygen-dependent and significantly more substrate efficient. That is, mitochondrial metabolism provides substantially more cellular energy currency (ATP) per macronutrient metabolised. Enhancement of mitochondrial density and metabolism are associated with endurance training, which allows for the attainment of high relative VO2 max values. However, the sedentary lifestyle and diet currently predominant in the Western world lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Underdeveloped mitochondrial metabolism leads to nutrient-induced reducing pressure caused by energy surplus, as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-mediated high electron flow at rest leads to "electron leak" and a chronic generation of superoxide radicals (O2-). Chronic overload of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cell components such as DNA, cell membranes, and proteins. Counterintuitively, transiently generated ROS during exercise contributes to adaptive reduction-oxidation (REDOX) signalling through the process of cellular hormesis or "oxidative eustress" defined by Helmut Sies. However, the unaccustomed, chronic oxidative stress is central to the leading causes of mortality in the 21st century-metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular comorbidities. The endurance exercise training that improves mitochondrial capacity and the protective antioxidant cellular system emerges as a universal intervention for mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant comorbidities. Furthermore, exercise might also be a solution to prevent ageing-related degenerative diseases, which are caused by impaired mitochondrial recycling. This review aims to break down the metabolic components of exercise and how they translate to athletic versus metabolically diseased phenotypes. We outline a reciprocal relationship between oxidative metabolism and inflammation, as well as hypoxia. We highlight the importance of oxidative stress for metabolic and antioxidant adaptation. We discuss the relevance of lactate as an indicator of critical exercise intensity, and inferring from its relationship with hypoxia, we suggest the most appropriate mode of exercise for the case of a lost oxidative identity in metabolically inflexible patients. Finally, we propose a reciprocal signalling model that establishes a healthy balance between the glycolytic/proliferative and oxidative/prolonged-ageing phenotypes. This model is malleable to adaptation with oxidative stress in exercise but is also susceptible to maladaptation associated with chronic oxidative stress in disease. Furthermore, mutations of components involved in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism may lead to the development of a cancerous phenotype, which progressively presents as one of the main causes of death, alongside the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland;
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17
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Dao VTV, Elbatreek MH, Fuchß T, Grädler U, Schmidt HHHW, Shah AM, Wallace A, Knowles R. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors into the Clinic at Last. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:169-204. [PMID: 32797331 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for the discovery of nitric oxide, a nitrogen containing reactive oxygen species (also termed reactive nitrogen or reactive nitrogen/oxygen species) stirred great hopes. Clinical applications, however, have so far pertained exclusively to the downstream signaling of cGMP enhancing drugs such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. All clinical attempts, so far, to inhibit NOS have failed even though preclinical models were strikingly positive and clinical biomarkers correlated perfectly. This rather casts doubt on our current way of target identification in drug discovery in general and our way of patient stratification based on correlating but not causal biomarkers or symptoms. The opposite, NO donors, nitrite and enhancing NO synthesis by eNOS/NOS3 recoupling in situations of NO deficiency, are rapidly declining in clinical relevance or hold promise but need yet to enter formal therapeutic guidelines, respectively. Nevertheless, NOS inhibition in situations of NO overproduction often jointly with enhanced superoxide (or hydrogen peroxide production) still holds promise, but most likely only in acute conditions such as neurotrauma (Stover et al., J Neurotrauma 31(19):1599-1606, 2014) and stroke (Kleinschnitz et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1508-1512, 2016; Casas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(14):7129-7136, 2019). Conversely, in chronic conditions, long-term inhibition of NOS might be too risky because of off-target effects on eNOS/NOS3 in particular for patients with cardiovascular risks or metabolic and renal diseases. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and their role in health (green) and disease (red). Only neuronal/type 1 NOS (NOS1) has a high degree of clinical validation and is in late stage development for traumatic brain injury, followed by a phase II safety/efficacy trial in ischemic stroke. The pathophysiology of NOS1 (Kleinschnitz et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1508-1512, 2016) is likely to be related to parallel superoxide or hydrogen peroxide formation (Kleinschnitz et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1508-1512, 2016; Casas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(46):12315-12320, 2017; Casas et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(14):7129-7136, 2019) leading to peroxynitrite and protein nitration, etc. Endothelial/type 3 NOS (NOS3) is considered protective only and its inhibition should be avoided. The preclinical evidence for a role of high-output inducible/type 2 NOS (NOS2) isoform in sepsis, asthma, rheumatic arthritis, etc. was high, but all clinical development trials in these indications were neutral despite target engagement being validated. This casts doubt on the role of NOS2 in humans in health and disease (hence the neutral, black coloring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Thomas Fuchß
- Takeda GmbH (former Nycomed/Altana Pharma), Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Grädler
- Takeda GmbH (former Nycomed/Altana Pharma), Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alan Wallace
- Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Knowles
- Knowles Consulting Ltd., The Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK.
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18
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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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19
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Targeting IRES-dependent translation as a novel approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1238-1251. [PMID: 33164678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1847894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal-ribosomal entry sites (IRES) are translational elements that allow the initiation machinery to start protein synthesis via internal initiation. IRESs promote tissue-specific translation in stress conditions when conventional cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Since many IRES-containing mRNAs are relevant to diseases, this cellular mechanism is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for pharmacological and genetic modulations. Indeed, there has been growing interest over the past years in determining the therapeutic potential of IRESs for several disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). IRESs relevant for DMD have been identified in several transcripts whose protein product results in functional improvements in dystrophic muscles. Together, these converging lines of evidence indicate that activation of IRES-mediated translation of relevant transcripts in DMD muscle represents a novel and appropriate therapeutic strategy for DMD that warrants further investigation, particularly to identify agents that can modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Wang N, Hou XY. The Molecular Simulation Study of nNOS Activation Induced by the Interaction Between Its Calmodulin-Binding Domain and SUMO1. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:535494. [PMID: 33192289 PMCID: PMC7658266 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.535494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), an enzyme required for learning and memory, catalyzes L-arginine decomposition during nitric oxide production in mammalian neurons. Over-activation of nNOS leads to oxidative/nitrosative stress, which is part of the pathophysiological process of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous experimental studies suggest that nNOS is a target for small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1), and that SUMO1-ylation upregulates nNOS catalytic activity in hippocampal neurons. To date, a comprehensive structural model has not been proposed for nNOS SUMO1-ylation. In this study, our aim was to build in silico models to identify the non-bonded interactions between SUMO1 and the calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD) of nNOS. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we found that SUMO1 modification stabilizes the conformation of nNOS CaMBD, and helps maintain a conformation beneficial for nNOS catalysis. Analysis of the polar contacts and hydrogen bonds, and the root mean square derivation results showed that R726 and R727 of CaMBD formed polar contacts or high occupancy hydrogen bonds with SUMO1. Correlation factor analysis and free energy calculations showed that the W716, L734, F740, M745, and F781 residues were also involved in the SUMO1/CaMBD interaction in an orientation-dependent manner. The potential inhibitor binding pocket of SUMO1, aimed at disrupting SUMO1/CaMBD binding, was detected from the virtual screening results. Our in silico studies revealed that interfering with the non-bonded interactions of SUMO1/CaMBD would blocked nNOS SUMO-ylation and subsequent hyperactivation. This work provides novel structural insight into the functional regulation of nNOS by post-translational SUMO1 modification, and provides suggestions for the design of drugs targeting nNOS hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Meng J, Counsell J, Morgan JE. Effects of Mini-Dystrophin on Dystrophin-Deficient, Human Skeletal Muscle-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7168. [PMID: 32998454 PMCID: PMC7582244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are developing a novel therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), involving the transplantation of autologous, skeletal muscle-derived stem cells that have been genetically corrected to express dystrophin. Dystrophin is normally expressed in activated satellite cells and in differentiated muscle fibres. However, in past preclinical validation studies, dystrophin transgenes have generally been driven by constitutive promoters that would be active at every stage of the myogenic differentiation process, including in proliferating muscle stem cells. It is not known whether artificial dystrophin expression would affect the properties of these cells. AIMS Our aims are to determine if mini-dystrophin expression affects the proliferation or myogenic differentiation of DMD skeletal muscle-derived cells. METHODS Skeletal muscle-derived cells from a DMD patient were transduced with lentivirus coding for mini-dystrophins (R3-R13 spectrin-like repeats (ΔR3R13) or hinge2 to spectrin-like repeats R23 (ΔH2R23)) with EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) fused to the C-terminus, driven by a constitutive promoter, spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). Transduced cells were purified on the basis of GFP expression. Their proliferation and myogenic differentiation were quantified by ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and fusion index. Furthermore, dystrophin small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) were transfected to the cells to reverse the effects of the mini-dystrophin. Finally, a phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) array assay was performed to investigate signalling pathway changes caused by dystrophin expression. RESULTS Cell proliferation was not affected in cells transduced with ΔR3R13, but was significantly increased in cells transduced with ΔH2R23. The fusion index of myotubes derived from both ΔR3R13- and ΔH2R23 -expressing cells was significantly compromised in comparison to myotubes derived from non-transduced cells. Dystrophin siRNA transfection restored the differentiation of ΔH2R23-expressing cells. The Erk1/2- signalling pathway is altered in cells transduced with mini-dystrophin constructs. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic expression of dystrophin in cultured human skeletal muscle-derived cells may affect their proliferation and differentiation capacity. Caution should be taken when considering genetic correction of autologous stem cells to express dystrophin driven by a constitutive promoter.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Engineering/methods
- Cell Proliferation
- Dystrophin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lentivirus/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Spectrin/genetics
- Spectrin/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Meng
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.M.); (J.C.)
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Counsell
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.M.); (J.C.)
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jennifer E. Morgan
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.M.); (J.C.)
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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22
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Gantner BN, LaFond KM, Bonini MG. Nitric oxide in cellular adaptation and disease. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101550. [PMID: 32438317 PMCID: PMC7235643 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases are the major sources of nitric oxide, a critical signaling molecule involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological processes. These enzymes comprise a family of genes that are highly conserved across all eukaryotes. The three family members found in mammals are important for inter- and intra-cellular signaling in tissues that include the nervous system, the vasculature, the gut, skeletal muscle, and the immune system, among others. We summarize major advances in the understanding of biochemical and tissue-specific roles of nitric oxide synthases, with a focus on how these mechanisms enable tissue adaptation and health or dysfunction and disease. We highlight the unique mechanisms and processes of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, or NOS1. This was the first of these enzymes discovered in mammals, and yet much remains to be understood about this highly conserved and complex gene. We provide examples of two areas that will likely be of increasing importance in nitric oxide biology. These include the mechanisms by which these critical enzymes promote adaptation or disease by 1) coordinating communication by diverse cell types within a tissue and 2) directing cellular differentiation/activation decisions processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Katy M LaFond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, USA
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23
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Nolte W, Weikard R, Brunner RM, Albrecht E, Hammon HM, Reverter A, Kühn C. Biological Network Approach for the Identification of Regulatory Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated With Metabolic Efficiency in Cattle. Front Genet 2019; 10:1130. [PMID: 31824560 PMCID: PMC6883949 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genomic regions associated with divergent livestock feed efficiency have been found predominantly outside protein coding sequences. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) can modulate chromatin accessibility, gene expression and act as important metabolic regulators in mammals. By integrating phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data with quantitative trait locus data in prioritizing co-expression network analyses, we aimed to identify and functionally characterize lncRNAs with a potential key regulatory role in metabolic efficiency in cattle. Materials and Methods: Crossbred animals (n = 48) of a Charolais x Holstein F2-population were allocated to groups of high or low metabolic efficiency based on residual feed intake in bulls, energy corrected milk in cows and intramuscular fat content in both genders. Tissue samples from jejunum, liver, skeletal muscle and rumen were subjected to global transcriptomic analysis via stranded total RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and blood plasma samples were used for profiling of 640 metabolites. To identify lncRNAs within the indicated tissues, a project-specific transcriptome annotation was established. Subsequently, novel transcripts were categorized for potential lncRNA status, yielding a total of 7,646 predicted lncRNA transcripts belonging to 3,287 loci. A regulatory impact factor approach highlighted 92, 55, 35, and 73 lncRNAs in jejunum, liver, muscle, and rumen, respectively. Their ensuing high regulatory impact factor scores indicated a potential regulatory key function in a gene set comprising loci displaying differential expression, tissue specificity and loci overlapping with quantitative trait locus regions for residual feed intake or milk production. These were subjected to a partial correlation and information theory analysis with the prioritized gene set. Results and Conclusions: Independent, significant and group-specific correlations (|r| > 0.8) were used to build a network for the high and the low metabolic efficiency group resulting in 1,522 and 1,732 nodes, respectively. Eight lncRNAs displayed a particularly high connectivity (>100 nodes). Metabolites and genes from the partial correlation and information theory networks, which each correlated significantly with the respective lncRNA, were included in an enrichment analysis indicating distinct affected pathways for the eight lncRNAs. LncRNAs associated with metabolic efficiency were classified to be functionally involved in hepatic amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis and in calcium signaling and neuronal nitric oxide synthase signaling in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietje Nolte
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Weikard
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Reverter
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christa Kühn
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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24
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Boehler JF, Ricotti V, Gonzalez JP, Soustek-Kramer M, Such L, Brown KJ, Schneider JS, Morris CA. Membrane recruitment of nNOSµ in microdystrophin gene transfer to enhance durability. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:735-741. [PMID: 31521486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several gene transfer clinical trials are currently ongoing with the common aim of delivering a shortened version of dystrophin, termed a microdystrophin, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, one of the main differences between these trials is the microdystrophin protein produced following treatment. Each gene transfer product is based on different selections of dystrophin domain combinations to assemble microdystrophin transgenes that maintain functional dystrophin domains and fit within the packaging limits of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. While domains involved in mechanical function, such as the actin-binding domain and β-dystroglycan binding domain, have been identified for many years and included in microdystrophin constructs, more recently the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) domain has also been identified due to its role in enhancing nNOS membrane localization. As nNOS membrane localization has been established as an important requirement for prevention of functional ischemia in skeletal muscle, inclusion of the nNOS domain into a microdystrophin construct represents an important consideration. The aim of this mini review is to highlight what is currently known about the nNOS domain of dystrophin and to describe potential implications of this domain in a microdystrophin gene transfer clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Boehler
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Valeria Ricotti
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - J Patrick Gonzalez
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | | | - Lauren Such
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kristy J Brown
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Joel S Schneider
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Carl A Morris
- Solid Biosciences, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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25
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Kim MJ, Whitehead NP, Bible KL, Adams ME, Froehner SC. Mice lacking α-, β1- and β2-syntrophins exhibit diminished function and reduced dystrophin expression in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:386-395. [PMID: 30256963 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntrophins are a family of modular adaptor proteins that are part of the dystrophin protein complex, where they recruit and anchor a variety of signaling proteins. Previously we generated mice lacking α- and/or β2-syntrophin but showed that in the absence of one isoform, other syntrophin isoforms can partially compensate. Therefore, in the current study, we generated mice that lacked α, β1 and β2-syntrophins [triple syntrophin knockout (tKO) mice] and assessed skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The tKO mice showed a profound reduction in voluntary wheel running activity at both 6 and 12 months of age. Function of the tibialis anterior was assessed in situ and we found that the specific force of tKO muscle was decreased by 20-25% compared with wild-type mice. This decrease was accompanied by a shift in fiber-type composition from fast 2B to more oxidative fast 2A fibers. Using echocardiography to measure cardiac function, it was revealed that tKO hearts had left ventricular cardiac dysfunction and were hypertrophic, with a thicker left ventricular posterior wall. Interestingly, we also found that membrane-localized dystrophin expression was lower in both skeletal and cardiac muscles of tKO mice. Since dystrophin mRNA levels were not different in tKO, this finding suggests that syntrophins may regulate dystrophin trafficking to, or stabilization at, the sarcolemma. These results show that the loss of all three major muscle syntrophins has a profound effect on exercise performance, and skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction contributes to this deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Bible
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Zhao J, Yang HT, Wasala L, Zhang K, Yue Y, Duan D, Lai Y. Dystrophin R16/17 protein therapy restores sarcolemmal nNOS in trans and improves muscle perfusion and function. Mol Med 2019; 25:31. [PMID: 31266455 PMCID: PMC6607532 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) from the sarcolemma leads to functional muscle ischemia. This contributes to the pathogenesis in cachexia, aging and muscular dystrophy. Mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin result in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). In many BMD patients and DMD patients that have been converted to BMD by gene therapy, sarcolemmal nNOS is missing due to the lack of dystrophin nNOS-binding domain. Methods Dystrophin spectrin-like repeats 16 and 17 (R16/17) is the sarcolemmal nNOS localization domain. Here we explored whether R16/17 protein therapy can restore nNOS to the sarcolemma and prevent functional ischemia in transgenic mice which expressed an R16/17-deleted human micro-dystrophin gene in the dystrophic muscle. The palmitoylated R16/17.GFP fusion protein was conjugated to various cell-penetrating peptides and produced in the baculovirus-insect cell system. The best fusion protein was delivered to the transgenic mice and functional muscle ischemia was quantified. Results Among five candidate cell-penetrating peptides, the mutant HIV trans-acting activator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain (mTAT) was the best in transferring the R16/17.GFP protein to the muscle. Systemic delivery of the mTAT.R16/17.GFP protein to micro-dystrophin transgenic mice successfully restored sarcolemmal nNOS without inducing T cell infiltration. More importantly, R16/17 protein therapy effectively prevented treadmill challenge-induced force loss and improved muscle perfusion during contraction. Conclusions Our results suggest that R16/17 protein delivery is a highly promising therapy for muscle diseases involving sarcolemmal nNOS delocalizaton. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0101-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Hsiao Tung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lakmini Wasala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Yi Lai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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27
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Kobayashi J, Uchida H, Kofuji A, Ito J, Shimizu M, Kim H, Sekiguchi Y, Kushibe S. Molecular regulation of skeletal muscle mass and the contribution of nitric oxide: A review. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:364-374. [PMID: 32123839 PMCID: PMC6996321 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of internal and external factors such as exercise, nutrition, inflammation, and cancer-associated cachexia affect the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Because skeletal muscle functions as a crucial regulator of whole body metabolism, rather than just as a motor for locomotion, the enhancement and maintenance of muscle mass and function are required to maintain health and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diseases involving muscle wasting. Recent studies in this field have made tremendous progress; therefore, identification of the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass is necessary for the physical and nutritional management of both athletes and patients with muscle wasting disease. In this review, we present an overall picture of the interactions regulating skeletal muscle mass, particularly focusing on the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/insulin-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, skeletal muscle inactivity, and endurance and resistance exercise. We also discuss the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the regulation of skeletal muscle mass based on the current knowledge of the novel role of NO in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Ayaka Kofuji
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Junta Ito
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Maki Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Hyounju Kim
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Yusuke Sekiguchi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical ScienceJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Seiji Kushibe
- Department of Management, Faculty of ManagementJosai UniversitySaitamaJapan
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28
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Montagna C, Rizza S, Cirotti C, Maiani E, Muscaritoli M, Musarò A, Carrí MT, Ferraro E, Cecconi F, Filomeni G. nNOS/GSNOR interaction contributes to skeletal muscle differentiation and homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:354. [PMID: 31043586 PMCID: PMC6494884 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of correct skeletal muscle function due, at least in part, to S-nitrosylation of specific protein targets. Similarly, we recently provided evidence for a muscular phenotype in mice lacking the denitrosylase S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). Here, we demonstrate that nNOS and GSNOR are concomitantly expressed during differentiation of C2C12. They colocalizes at the sarcolemma and co-immunoprecipitate in cells and in myofibers. We also provide evidence that GSNOR expression decreases in mouse models of muscular dystrophies and of muscle atrophy and wasting, i.e., aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting a more general regulatory role of GSNOR in skeletal muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montagna
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine (formerly Department of Clinical Medicine), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Carrí
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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29
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Batra A, Vohra RS, Chrzanowski SM, Hammers DW, Lott DJ, Vandenborne K, Walter GA, Forbes SC. Effects of PDE5 inhibition on dystrophic muscle following an acute bout of downhill running and endurance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1737-1745. [PMID: 30946638 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00664.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of sarcolemma-localized neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ) contributes to muscle damage and fatigue in dystrophic muscle. In this study, we examined the effects of compensating for lack of nNOSμ with a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor in mdx mice following downhill running and endurance training. Dystrophic mice (mdx) were treated with sildenafil citrate and compared with untreated mdx and wild-type mice after an acute bout of downhill running and during a progressive low-intensity treadmill running program (5 days/wk, 4 wk). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) transverse relaxation time constant (T2) of hindlimb and forelimb muscles were measured as a marker of muscle damage after downhill running and throughout training. The MRI blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) response and 31phosphorus MRS (31P-MRS) data were acquired after stimulated muscle contractions. After downhill running, the increase in T2 was attenuated (P < 0.05) in treated mdx and wild-type mice compared with untreated mdx. During training, resting T2 values did not change in wild-type and mdx mice from baseline values; however, the running distance completed during training was greater (P < 0.05) in treated mdx (>90% of target distance) and wild-type (100%) than untreated mdx (60%). The post-contractile BOLD response was greater (P < 0.05) in treated mdx that trained than untreated mdx, with no differences in muscle oxidative capacity, as measured by 31P-MRS. Our findings indicate that PDE5 inhibition reduces muscle damage after a single bout of downhill running and improves performance during endurance training in dystrophic mice, possibly because of enhanced microvascular function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examined the combined effects of PDE5 inhibition and exercise in dystrophic muscle using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Our findings demonstrated that sildenafil citrate reduces muscle damage after a single bout of downhill running, improves endurance-training performance, and enhances microvascular function in dystrophic muscle. Collectively, the results support the combination of exercise and PDE5 inhibition as a therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophies lacking nNOSμ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Batra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Steve M Chrzanowski
- Department of Physiology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - David W Hammers
- Department of Pharmacology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donovan J Lott
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Therapeutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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30
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Patel A, Zhao J, Yue Y, Zhang K, Duan D, Lai Y. Dystrophin R16/17-syntrophin PDZ fusion protein restores sarcolemmal nNOSμ. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:36. [PMID: 30466494 PMCID: PMC6251231 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of sarcolemmal nNOSμ is a common manifestation in a wide variety of muscle diseases and contributes to the dysregulation of multiple muscle activities. Given the critical role sarcolemmal nNOSμ plays in muscle, restoration of sarcolemmal nNOSμ should be considered as an important therapeutic goal. Methods nNOSμ is anchored to the sarcolemma by dystrophin spectrin-like repeats 16 and 17 (R16/17) and the syntrophin PDZ domain (Syn PDZ). To develop a strategy that can independently restore sarcolemmal nNOSμ, we engineered an R16/17-Syn PDZ fusion construct and tested whether this construct alone is sufficient to anchor nNOSμ to the sarcolemma in three different mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Results Membrane-associated nNOSμ is completely lost in DMD. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of the R16/17-Syn PDZ fusion construct successfully restored sarcolemmal nNOSμ in all three models. Further, nNOS restoration was independent of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. Conclusions Our results suggest that the R16/17-Syn PDZ fusion construct is sufficient to restore sarcolemmal nNOSμ in the dystrophin-null muscle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-018-0182-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Patel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Junling Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Yi Lai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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31
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Kerrick WGL, Xu Y, Percival JM. nNOS splice variants differentially regulate myofilament function but are dispensable for intracellular calcium and force transients in cardiac papillary muscles. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200834. [PMID: 30028847 PMCID: PMC6054407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle expresses three neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) splice variants: nNOSα, nNOSμ and nNOSβ. The functions of these nNOS splice variants in cardiac muscle, particularly myofilament-associated nNOSβ are unclear. To decipher cardiac nNOS splice variant function we investigated myofilament function and intracellular calcium and force transients in demembranated and intact papillary muscles from two lines of nNOS knockout mice. The first line (KN1) lacks nNOSα and nNOSμ. The second line (KN2) lacks active nNOSα, nNOSμ and nNOSβ. Demembranated KN1 papillary muscles exhibited reduced myofilament ATPase activity (-35%) and specific force (-10%) relative to controls. Demembranated KN2 muscles exhibited a smaller decrease in myofilament ATPase activity (-21%), but a greater reduction in specific force (-26%) relative to controls. Myofilament calcium sensitivity in demembranated KN1 and KN2 papillary muscles was similar to controls. Thus, papillary muscle-expressed nNOS splice variants are necessary for control levels of myofilament ATPase activity and force generation, but dispensable for myofilament calcium sensitivity. The greater reduction in myofilament ATPase relative to specific force in KN1, but not KN2 muscle, reduced the energy cost of muscle contraction, suggesting that nNOSβ increased the energetic efficiency of contraction in the absence of nNOSμ and nNOSα. Analyses of intact KN1 and KN2 papillary muscles showed that both intracellular calcium transients and their evoked force transients were similar to controls at stimulation frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. Therefore, nNOS was dispensable for baseline excitation-contraction coupling. In summary, these data suggest that nNOS splice variants differentially regulate myofilament function, but not baseline calcium handling in papillary muscles. More importantly, they suggest that nNOSβ is a novel modulator of myofilament function, and ultimately the energetic efficiency of cardiac papillary muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Glenn L Kerrick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Justin M Percival
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Cai X, Yuan Y, Liao Z, Xing K, Zhu C, Xu Y, Yu L, Wang L, Wang S, Zhu X, Gao P, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Xu P, Shu G. α-Ketoglutarate prevents skeletal muscle protein degradation and muscle atrophy through PHD3/ADRB2 pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:488-499. [PMID: 28939592 PMCID: PMC6266637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700670r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy due to excessive protein degradation is the main cause for muscle dysfunction, fatigue, and weakening of athletic ability. Endurance exercise is effective to attenuate muscle atrophy, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully investigated. α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key intermediate of tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is generated during endurance exercise. Here, we demonstrated that AKG effectively attenuated corticosterone-induced protein degradation and rescued the muscle atrophy and dysfunction in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model. Interestingly, AKG also inhibited the expression of proline hydroxylase 3 (PHD3), one of the important oxidoreductases expressed under hypoxic conditions. Subsequently, we identified the β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) as a downstream target for PHD3. We found AKG inhibited PHD3/ADRB2 interaction and therefore increased the stability of ADRB2. In addition, combining pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we showed that AKG rescues skeletal muscle atrophy and protein degradation through a PHD3/ADRB2 mediated mechanism. Taken together, these data reveal a mechanism for inhibitory effects of AKG on muscle atrophy and protein degradation. These findings not only provide a molecular basis for the potential use of exercise-generated metabolite AKG in muscle atrophy treatment, but also identify PHD3 as a potential target for the development of therapies for muscle wasting.-Cai, X., Yuan, Y., Liao, Z., Xing, K., Zhu, C., Xu, Y., Yu, L., Wang, L., Wang, S., Zhu, X., Gao, P., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Q., Xu, P., Shu, G. α-Ketoglutarate prevents skeletal muscle protein degradation and muscle atrophy through PHD3/ADRB2 pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Corticosterone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ketoglutaric Acids/therapeutic use
- Male
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/prevention & control
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Protein Stability/drug effects
- Proteolysis/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcai Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrui Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kongping Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Moon Y, Balke JE, Madorma D, Siegel MP, Knowels G, Brouckaert P, Buys ES, Marcinek DJ, Percival JM. Nitric Oxide Regulates Skeletal Muscle Fatigue, Fiber Type, Microtubule Organization, and Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis Efficiency Through cGMP-Dependent Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:966-985. [PMID: 27393340 PMCID: PMC5467110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Skeletal muscle nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathways are impaired in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy partly because of reduced nNOSμ and soluble guanylate cyclase (GC) activity. However, GC function and the consequences of reduced GC activity in skeletal muscle are unknown. In this study, we explore the functions of GC and NO-cGMP signaling in skeletal muscle. RESULTS GC1, but not GC2, expression was higher in oxidative than glycolytic muscles. GC1 was found in a complex with nNOSμ and targeted to nNOS compartments at the Golgi complex and neuromuscular junction. Baseline GC activity and GC agonist responsiveness was reduced in the absence of nNOS. Structural analyses revealed aberrant microtubule directionality in GC1-/- muscle. Functional analyses of GC1-/- muscles revealed reduced fatigue resistance and postexercise force recovery that were not due to shifts in type IIA-IIX fiber balance. Force deficits in GC1-/- muscles were also not driven by defects in resting mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. However, increasing muscle cGMP with sildenafil decreased ATP synthesis efficiency and capacity, without impacting mitochondrial content or ultrastructure. INNOVATION GC may represent a new target for alleviating muscle fatigue and that NO-cGMP signaling may play important roles in muscle structure, contractility, and bioenergetics. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GC activity is nNOS dependent and that muscle-specific control of GC expression and differential GC targeting may facilitate NO-cGMP signaling diversity. They suggest that nNOS regulates muscle fiber type, microtubule organization, fatigability, and postexercise force recovery partly through GC1 and suggest that NO-cGMP pathways may modulate mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 966-985.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Moon
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Jordan E Balke
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Derik Madorma
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Michael P Siegel
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Gary Knowels
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- 3 Department for Molecular Biomedical Research and Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- 4 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research , Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Marcinek
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,5 Department of Radiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Justin M Percival
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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Moon Y, Cao Y, Zhu J, Xu Y, Balkan W, Buys ES, Diaz F, Kerrick WG, Hare JM, Percival JM. GSNOR Deficiency Enhances In Situ Skeletal Muscle Strength, Fatigue Resistance, and RyR1 S-Nitrosylation Without Impacting Mitochondrial Content and Activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:165-181. [PMID: 27412893 PMCID: PMC5278832 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nitric oxide (NO) plays important, but incompletely defined roles in skeletal muscle. NO exerts its regulatory effects partly though S-nitrosylation, which is balanced by denitrosylation by enzymes such as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), whose functions in skeletal muscle remain to be fully deciphered. RESULTS GSNOR null (GSNOR-/-) tibialis anterior (TA) muscles showed normal growth and were stronger and more fatigue resistant than controls in situ. However, GSNOR-/- lumbrical muscles showed normal contractility and Ca2+ handling in vitro, suggesting important differences in GSNOR function between muscles or between in vitro and in situ environments. GSNOR-/- TA muscles exhibited normal mitochondrial content, and capillary densities, but reduced type IIA fiber content. GSNOR inhibition did not impact mitochondrial respiratory complex I, III, or IV activities. These findings argue that enhanced GSNOR-/- TA contractility is not driven by changes in mitochondrial content or activity, fiber type, or blood vessel density. However, loss of GSNOR led to RyR1 hypernitrosylation, which is believed to increase muscle force output under physiological conditions. cGMP synthesis by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) was decreased in resting GSNOR-/- muscle and was more responsive to agonist (DETANO, BAY 41, and BAY 58) stimulation, suggesting that GSNOR modulates cGMP production in skeletal muscle. INNOVATION GSNOR may act as a "brake" on skeletal muscle contractile performance under physiological conditions by modulating nitrosylation/denitrosylation balance. CONCLUSIONS GSNOR may play important roles in skeletal muscle contractility, RyR1 S-nitrosylation, fiber type specification, and sGC activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 165-181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Moon
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Yenong Cao
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- 3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Wayne Balkan
- 2 The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,4 Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- 5 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francisca Diaz
- 6 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - W Glenn Kerrick
- 3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,4 Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Justin M Percival
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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Percival J. Commentary: A Hypothesis for Examining Skeletal Muscle Biopsy-Derived Sarcolemmal nNOSμ as Surrogate for Enteric nNOSα Function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:70. [PMID: 26484346 PMCID: PMC4588109 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Percival
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
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Froehner SC, Reed SM, Anderson KN, Huang PL, Percival JM. Loss of nNOS inhibits compensatory muscle hypertrophy and exacerbates inflammation and eccentric contraction-induced damage in mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:492-505. [PMID: 25214536 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches targeting nitric oxide (NO) signaling show promise as therapies for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. However, the mechanisms by which NO benefits dystrophin-deficient muscle remain unclear, but may involve nNOSβ, a newly discovered enzymatic source of NO in skeletal muscle. Here we investigate the impact of dystrophin deficiency on nNOSβ and use mdx mice engineered to lack nNOSμ and nNOSβ to discern how the loss of nNOS impacts dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology. In mdx muscle, nNOSβ was mislocalized and its association with the Golgi complex was reduced. nNOS depletion from mdx mice prevented compensatory skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy, decreased myofiber central nucleation and increased focal macrophage cell infiltration, indicating exacerbated dystrophic muscle damage. Reductions in muscle integrity in nNOS-null mdx mice were accompanied by decreases in specific force and increased susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage compared with mdx controls. Unexpectedly, muscle fatigue was unaffected by nNOS depletion, revealing a novel latent compensatory mechanism for the loss of nNOS in mdx mice. Together with previous studies, these data suggest that localization of both nNOSμ and nNOSβ is disrupted by dystrophin deficiency. They also indicate that nNOS has a more complex role as a modifier of dystrophic pathology and broader therapeutic potential than previously recognized. Importantly, these findings also suggest nNOSβ as a new drug target and provide a new conceptual framework for understanding nNOS signaling and the benefits of NO therapies in dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah M Reed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kendra N Anderson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Justin M Percival
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Percival JM, Siegel MP, Knowels G, Marcinek DJ. Defects in mitochondrial localization and ATP synthesis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy are not alleviated by PDE5 inhibition. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:153-67. [PMID: 23049075 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the crucial roles for mitochondria in ATP energy supply, Ca(2+) handling and cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction has long been suspected to be an important pathogenic feature in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Despite this foresight, mitochondrial function in dystrophin-deficient muscles has remained poorly defined and unknown in vivo. Here, we used the mdx mouse model of DMD and non-invasive spectroscopy to determine the impact of dystrophin-deficiency on skeletal muscle mitochondrial localization and oxidative phosphorylation function in vivo. Mdx mitochondria exhibited significant uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (reduced P/O) and a reduction in maximal ATP synthesis capacity that together decreased intramuscular ATP levels. Uncoupling was not driven by increased UCP3 or ANT1 expression. Dystrophin was required to maintain subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) pool density, implicating it in the spatial control of mitochondrial localization. Given that nitric oxide-cGMP pathways regulate mitochondria and that sildenafil-mediated phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition ameliorates dystrophic pathology, we tested whether sildenafil's benefits result from decreased mitochondrial dysfunction in mdx mice. Unexpectedly, sildenafil treatment did not affect mitochondrial content or oxidative phosphorylation defects in mdx mice. Rather, PDE5 inhibition decreased resting levels of ATP, phosphocreatine and myoglobin, suggesting that sildenafil improves dystrophic pathology through other mechanisms. Overall, these data indicate that dystrophin-deficiency disrupts SSM localization, promotes mitochondrial inefficiency and restricts maximal mitochondrial ATP-generating capacity. Together these defects decrease intramuscular ATP and the ability of mdx muscle mitochondria to meet ATP demand. These findings further understanding of how mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction contributes to disease pathogenesis in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Percival
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Percival JM, Whitehead NP, Adams ME, Adamo CM, Beavo JA, Froehner SC. Sildenafil reduces respiratory muscle weakness and fibrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pathol 2012; 228:77-87. [PMID: 22653783 DOI: 10.1002/path.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Loss of dystrophin initiates a progressive decline in skeletal muscle integrity and contractile capacity which weakens respiratory muscles including the diaphragm, culminating in respiratory failure, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DMD patients. At present, corticosteroid treatment is the primary pharmacological intervention in DMD, but has limited efficacy and adverse side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new safe, cost-effective, and rapidly implementable treatments that slow disease progression. One promising new approach is the amplification of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signalling pathways with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. PDE5 inhibitors serve to amplify NO signalling that is attenuated in many neuromuscular diseases including DMD. We report here that a 14-week treatment of the mdx mouse model of DMD with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (Viagra(®), Revatio(®)) significantly reduced mdx diaphragm muscle weakness without impacting fatigue resistance. In addition to enhancing respiratory muscle contractility, sildenafil also promoted normal extracellular matrix organization. PDE5 inhibition slowed the establishment of mdx diaphragm fibrosis and reduced matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression. Sildenafil also normalized the expression of the pro-fibrotic (and pro-inflammatory) cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Sildenafil-treated mdx diaphragms accumulated significantly less Evans Blue tracer dye than untreated controls, which is also indicative of improved diaphragm muscle health. We conclude that sildenafil-mediated PDE5 inhibition significantly reduces diaphragm respiratory muscle dysfunction and pathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study provides new insights into the therapeutic utility of targeting defects in NO-cGMP signalling with PDE5 inhibitors in dystrophin-deficient muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Percival
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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