1
|
Cantelli CP, Silva MR, Pimenta LM, Tavares GCL, Baduy GA, Duch AAS, Menezes LDM, Fialho AM, Maranhão AG, Fumian TM, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG. Evaluation of Extraction Methods to Detect Noroviruses in Ready-to-Eat Raw Milk Minas Artisanal Cheese. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:188-199. [PMID: 38441780 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess two homogenization methods to recover norovirus from Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) made with raw bovine milk obtained from four microregions of the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, with different ripening times and geographical and abiotic characteristics. For this purpose, 33 fiscal samples were artificially contaminated with norovirus GI and GII, and Mengovirus (MgV), used as an internal process control (IPC). TRIzol® reagent and Proteinase K homogenization methods were evaluated for all samples were then subjected to RNA extraction using viral magnetic beads and RT-qPCR Taqman® for viral detection/quantification. Proteinase K method showed better efficiency results for both norovirus GI and GII, with means recovery efficiency of 45.7% (95% CI 34.3-57.2%) and 41.4% (95% CI 29.1-53.6%), respectively, when compared to TRIzol method (16.6% GI, 95% CI 8.4-24.9%, and 12.3% GII, 95% CI 7.0-17.6%). The limits of detection for norovirus GI and GII for this method were 101GC/g and 103GC/g, respectively, independent of cheese origin. MgV was detected and revealed in 100% success rate in all types of cheese, with mean recovery efficiency of 25.6% for Proteinase K, and 3.8% for the TRIzol method. According to cheese origin, Triangulo Mineiro MAC had the highest mean recovery rates for the three viral targets surveyed (89% GI, 87% GII, and 51% MgV), while Serro MAC showed the lowest rates (p < 0.001). Those results indicate that the proteinase K adapted method is suitable for norovirus GI and GII detection in MAC and corroborated MgV as an applicable IPC to be used during the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Pacheco Cantelli
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | | | - Laís Marques Pimenta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Caetano Lanzieri Tavares
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Assad Baduy
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonçalves Maranhão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pav. Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atrashkevich A, Alum A, Stirling R, Abbaszadegan M, Garcia-Segura S. Approaching easy water disinfection for all: Can in situ electrochlorination outperform conventional chlorination under realistic conditions? WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121014. [PMID: 38128307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochlorination has gained research interest for its potential application as decentralized water treatment. A number of studies have displayed promising efficiency for water disinfection. However, a comprehensive comparison of in situ electrodisinfection to existing disinfection techniques, particularly under realistic water composition and flow rates, still needs additional research efforts. The aim of this study is to evaluate in situ electrochlorination while comparing the treatment with conventional chemical chlorination for point-of-entry decentralized disinfection at the household level. An electrochemical flow cell reactor was operated in a single pass mode considering water flow and water consumption for a household of four family members. Disinfection efficiency assessment of both electrochemical and chemical chlorination was conducted using bacterial and viral surrogates, E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis was conducted, using the levelized cost of water, to compare two electrochemical chlorination scenarios (i.e., electrical grid energy use, and solar panel powered system) and benchmarked against the baseline treatment of chemical chlorination. The findings revealed increased inactivation efficiency of in situ electrochlorination over conventional chlorination (p-value < 0.05). The synergetic impact of radicals and chlorine, and/or contribution of high chlorine concentration at acidic pH near anode surface were identified as key factors that could enhance disinfection performance of in situ electrochlorination. The techno-economic analysis demonstrated that electrochemical treatment, when operated using renewable energy sources, is not only a more environmentally sustainable approach, but also emerges as a more economically feasible solution for decentralized water treatment application. The results highlight that in situ electrochlorination is a more advanced alternative to decentralized water chlorination. However, further fundamental research on products and by-products formation under various water matrices is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aksana Atrashkevich
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Absar Alum
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Water and Environmental Technology Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Robert Stirling
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Morteza Abbaszadegan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Water and Environmental Technology Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hennechart-Collette C, Fourniol L, Fraisse A, Martin-Latil S, Perelle S. Evaluation of a Proteinase K-Based Extraction Method to Detect Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus and Norovirus in Artificially Contaminated Dairy Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071489. [PMID: 37048310 PMCID: PMC10093961 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus and hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV)) are leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide. Among the various food products, different types of dairy products can be implicated in viral foodborne outbreaks and contamination can occur at different stages, such as preparation, contact with contaminated equipment or via other foods. The aim of this study was to characterise a proteinase K method adapted from the ISO 15216 method for the detection of HAV, HEV and norovirus in artificially contaminated dairy products, based on the recent international standard of ISO 16140-4. Results showed that the recovery yields obtained from pure RNA in dairy products ranged from 5.76% to 76.40% for HAV, from 35.09% to 100.00% for HEV, from 25.09% to 100.00% for norovirus GI and from 47.83% to 100.00% for norovirus GII. The process control MNV-1 was detected in all RNA extracts, with recovery yields between 36.83% and 100.00%. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was between 184 and 642 genome copies/mL (or/g) for the LOD50 and 802 and 2800 genome copies/mL or/g for the LOD95 according to the virus analysed. This method proved to be suitable for detecting viruses in dairy products for routine diagnostic needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Fourniol
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Anses, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Fraisse
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Anses, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Anses, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Perelle
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Université Paris-Est, Anses, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Müller I, Althof N, Hoffmann B, Klaus C, Schilling-Loeffler K, Falkenhagen A, Johne R. Comparison of Extraction Methods for the Detection of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA in Goat Raw Milk and Cream Cheese. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:32-42. [PMID: 36127560 PMCID: PMC9488872 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis and myelitis in humans. TBEV is an enveloped RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, which is mostly transmitted via tick bites. However, transmission by consumption of virus-contaminated goat raw milk and goat raw milk products has also been described. Only a few methods have been reported for the detection of TBEV in food so far. Here, we compare different virus extraction methods for goat raw milk and goat raw milk cream cheese and subsequent detection of TBEV-RNA by RT-qPCR. Langat virus (LGTV), a naturally attenuated TBEV strain, was used for artificial contamination experiments. Mengovirus and the human coronavirus 229E were compared to assess their suitability to serve as internal process controls. Out of three tested extraction protocols for raw milk, sample centrifugation followed by direct RNA extraction from the aqueous interphase yielded the best results, with a recovery rate (RR) of 31.8 ± 4.9% for LGTV and a detection limit of 6.7 × 103 LGTV genome copies/ml. Out of two methods for cream cheese, treatment of the samples with TRI Reagent® and chloroform prior to RNA extraction showed the best RR of 4.7 ± 1.6% for LGTV and a detection limit of 9.4 × 104 LGTV genome copies/g. RRs of Mengovirus and LGTV were similar for both methods; therefore, Mengovirus is suggested as internal process control virus. The developed methods may be useful for screening or surveillance studies, as well as in outbreak investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Müller
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Althof
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christine Klaus
- Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Falkenhagen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hennechart-Collette C, Dehan O, Fraisse A, Martin-Latil S, Perelle S. Development of an Extraction Method to Detect Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus, and Noroviruses in Fish Products. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030624. [PMID: 36985198 PMCID: PMC10051274 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a leading cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV)) and human norovirus are recognized as the main viruses of public health concern in food hygiene. ISO 15216 approved procedures are not validated for detection of HAV and human norovirus in foodstuffs, such as fishes, leading to an inability to ensure the safety of these products. This study aimed to provide a rapid and sensitive method for detecting these targets in fish products. An existing method that includes proteinase K treatment was selected for further validation using artificially contaminated fish products, according to the recent international standard ISO 16140-4. Recovery efficiencies in pure RNA extracts of viruses ranged from 0.2% to 66.2% for HAV, 4.0% to 100.0% for HEV, 2.2% to 100.0% for norovirus GI, and 0.2% to 12.5% for norovirus GII. LOD50 values were between 144 and 8.4 × 104 genome copies/g for HAV and HEV, and 104 and 2.0 × 103 copies/g for norovirus GI and norovirus GII, respectively. LOD95 values were between 3.2 × 103 and 3.6 × 105 genome copies/g for HAV and HEV, and between 8.8 × 103 and 4.4 × 104 genome copies/g for norovirus GI and norovirus GII, respectively. The method developed here was successfully validated in various fish products and can be applied for routine diagnostic needs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pakbin B, Rossen JWA, Brück WM, Montazeri N, Allahyari S, Dibazar SP, Abdolvahabi R, Mahmoudi R, Peymani A, Samimi R. Prevalence of foodborne and zoonotic viral pathogens in raw cow milk samples. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6815774. [PMID: 36352488 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne and zoonotic viral pathogens are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. These viruses can be transmitted through foods such as dairy products to humans and cause several acute and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and profile of different foodborne and zoonotic viruses in raw cow milk samples. We collected 492 raw cow milk samples from local dairy markets in Qazvin, Iran. Then we evaluated the presence of hepatitis A virus, noroviruses, rotavirus, astrovirus, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in samples using conventional and nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods. We found that 34.95, 7.72, 25.81, 14.63, 66.86, 12.80 and 21.34% of raw milk samples were contaminated with norovirus GI, norovirus GII, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, astrovirus, BLV and TBEV viruses, respectively. Interestingly, the samples collected from the city's south area revealed a higher prevalence of foodborne and zoonotic viruses. Astrovirus and its combination with norovirus GI were the most prevalent virus profiles. Also, the highest correlations were observed among the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A viruses (0.36) and TBEV and norovirus GII (0.31). Considering the prevalence rate and virus profiles of different foodborne and zoonotic viruses in raw milk samples, hygiene practices and the pasteurization process are strongly suggested to be conducted throughout the cow milk production chain and in dairy industries to prevent infections with these pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pakbin
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| | - John W A Rossen
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Isala Hospital, 8025 AB Zwolle, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Manuel Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland
| | - Naim Montazeri
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Samaneh Allahyari
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| | | | - Razieh Abdolvahabi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| | - Rasoul Samimi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 15315-3419, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hennechart-Collette C, Gonzalez G, Fourniol L, Fraisse A, Beck C, Moutailler S, Bournez L, Dheilly NM, Lacour SA, Lecollinet S, Martin-Latil S, Perelle S. Method for tick-borne encephalitis virus detection in raw milk products. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:104003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Detection of norovirus, hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses in multicomponent foodstuffs. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108931. [PMID: 33188986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the enteric viruses implicated in foodborne outbreaks, the human norovirus and hepatitis viruses A and E (HAV and HEV) represent a serious public health concern. International standard ISO 15216 proposes methods for detecting HAV and norovirus (genogroups I and II) RNA from soft fruit, leaf, stem and bulb vegetables, bottled water or food surfaces. These methods had not previously been validated for detecting the targeted viruses in other foodstuffs such as multicomponent foods, nor for detecting other viruses in foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to characterise a method derived from the vegetable method described in ISO 15216 to detect HAV, HEV and norovirus in artificially-contaminated multicomponent foodstuffs according to the recent international standard ISO 16140-4. Results showed that the mean recovery rates for all settings did not differ according to the operator. The mean extraction yields ranged from 0.35% to 40.44% for HAV, 5.19% to 100% for HEV, 0.10% to 40.61% for norovirus GI and 0.88% to 69.16% for norovirus GII. The LOD95 was 102 genome copies/g for HAV, HEV and norovirus GII and 103 genome copies/g for norovirus GI. The LOQ was 2.90 × 104, 1.40 × 103, 1.60 × 104 and 1.30 × 104 genome copies/g for HAV, HEV, norovirus GI and norovirus GII respectively. The MNV-1 process control was detected in 120 out of 128 RNA extracts analysed and was recovered with an efficiency of between 3.83% and 50.22%. The mean inhibition rates of quantitative real-time RT-PCR reaction ranged from 3.25% to 28.70% and varied significantly with the type of food matrix. The described method could be used to detect viruses in composite food products for routine diagnosis needs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sayed IM, Hammam ARA, Elfaruk MS, Alsaleem KA, Gaber MA, Ezzat AA, Salama EH, Elkhawaga AA, El-Mokhtar MA. Enhancement of the Molecular and Serological Assessment of Hepatitis E Virus in Milk Samples. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081231. [PMID: 32806687 PMCID: PMC7465259 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is endemic in developing and developed countries. HEV was reported to be excreted in the milk of ruminants, raising the possibility of transmission of HEV infection through the ingestion of contaminated milk. Therefore, the detection of HEV markers in milk samples becomes pivotal. However, milk includes inhibitory components that affect HEV detection assays. Previously it was reported that dilution of milk matrix improves the performance of HEV molecular assay, however, the dilution of milk samples is not the best strategy especially when the contaminated milk sample has a low HEV load. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the effect of extraction procedures on the efficiency of HEV RNA detection in undiluted milk samples. In addition, we assessed the effect of the removal of milk components such as fats and casein on the performance of the molecular and serological assays of HEV. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and different milk matrices (such as whole milk, skim milk, and milk serum) were inoculated with different HEV inoculums and subjected to two different extraction procedures. Method A includes manual extraction using spin column-based extraction, while method B includes silica-based automated extraction. Method A was more sensitive than method B in the whole milk and skim milk matrices with a LoD95% of 300 IU/mL, and virus recovery yield of 47%. While the sensitivity and performance of method B were significantly improved using the milk serum matrix, with LoD95% of 96 IU/mL. Interestingly, retesting HEV positive milk samples using the high sensitivity assay based on method B extraction and milk serum matrix increased the HEV RNA detection rate to 2-fold. Additionally, the performance of HEV serological assays such as anti-HEV IgG and HEV Ag in the milk samples was improved after the removal of the fat globules from the milk matrix. In conclusion, HEV RNA assay is affected by the components of milk and the extraction procedure. Removal of inhibitory substances, such as fat and casein from the milk sample increased the performance of HEV molecular and serological assays which will be suitable for the low load HEV milk with no further dilutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt or (I.M.S.); (A.A.E.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ahmed R. A. Hammam
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.R.A.H.); (M.S.E.); (K.A.A.)
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salem Elfaruk
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.R.A.H.); (M.S.E.); (K.A.A.)
- Medical Technology College, Nalut University, Nalut 00218, Libya
| | - Khalid A. Alsaleem
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.R.A.H.); (M.S.E.); (K.A.A.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa A. Gaber
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Amgad A. Ezzat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Eman H. Salama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Amal A. Elkhawaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt or (I.M.S.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt or (I.M.S.); (A.A.E.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Battistini R, Rossini I, Listorti V, Ercolini C, Maurella C, Serracca L. HAV detection from milk-based products containing soft fruits: Comparison between four different extraction methods. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 328:108661. [PMID: 32454367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Virus detection in food requires appropriate elution and concentration techniques which need to be adapted for different food matrices. ISO/TS-15216-1:2017 and ISO/TS-15216-2:2019 describe standard methods for hepatitis A virus (HAV) research in some food only. Milk-based products containing one or more types of fruit are not covered by ISO procedures, even though they can be contaminated by fruit added to these products or by the food handlers. The aim of this work was to identify an efficient method for the detection of HAV in milk-based products. Four methods were tested to recover HAV from artificially contaminated milk, yoghurt and ice cream containing soft fruits. Results showed that the efficiency of the tested methods depends on the analyzed matrix. In milk we obtained a mean recovery from 13.4% to 1.9%; method based on high speed centrifuge gave the best values. The average recovery in yoghurt was between 3.3% and 114.4%, the latter value achieved by method with beef extract at 3% as eluent. Finally, two methods gave the best results in ice cream with similar recoveries: 29.1% and 27.7% respectively. The first method used glycine as eluent while the other one was based on high speed centrifugation. The ISO method has never proved to be the most efficient in the matrices studied. Therefore, based on the results obtained, a complete rethinking of the ISO method may be necessary to improve its recovery for some products such as milk, while only small changes would be sufficient for other products, such as yoghurt and ice cream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Battistini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy.
| | - Irene Rossini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Listorti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Ercolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Maurella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Serracca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hennechart-Collette C, Martin-Latil S, Fraisse A, Niveau F, Perelle S. Virological analyses in collective catering outbreaks in France between 2012 and 2017. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103546. [PMID: 32539952 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viruses cause the majority of foodborne illnesses and common symptoms of many foodborne illnesses include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Among the enteric viruses, human Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis virus (HAV and HEV) are the main viruses suspected to cause foodborne outbreaks and represent a serious public health. The study presents survey tools of viruses in a wide variety of foodstuffs and results obtained during 56 foodborne outbreaks investigation in France between 2012 and 2017. 246 suspected foods were examined for the presence of four human enteric viruses (NoV GI and NoV GII, HAV or HEV) either using methods described in the EN ISO 15216-1 or in house methods. All viral analysis of food samples were performed with the implementation of process control and an external amplification controls. Eighteen of 56 foodborne outbreaks investigated included at least one positive food sample (16/18 NoV, 1/18 HAV and 1/18 HEV). The genomic levels of four viruses detected ranged from < 102 to 107 genome copies per g or per L. This study showed the interest to develop methods for the extraction of viruses in different foodstuffs to increase the possibility to identify the association between viral illness and food consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Martin-Latil
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Fraisse
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Florian Niveau
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Perelle
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for food Safety, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
García-Anaya MC, Sepulveda DR, Sáenz-Mendoza AI, Rios-Velasco C, Zamudio-Flores PB, Acosta-Muñiz CH. Phages as biocontrol agents in dairy products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
Comparison of three extraction methods to detect noroviruses in dairy products. Food Microbiol 2017; 61:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
14
|
Yavarmanesh M, Alum A, Abbaszadegan M. Occurrence of Noroviruses and Their Correlation with Microbial Indicators in Raw Milk. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2015; 7:232-238. [PMID: 25677253 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the microbiological quality of raw cow's milk in a collection center in the city of Mashhad, Iran. A total of 19 raw cow's milk samples were collected and simultaneously analyzed for male-specific (F(+)) coliphage and Escherichia coli using culture-based methods and for enteric viruses by reverse transcriptase semi-nested PCR using primer sets specific for human norovirus Group I (HNV-GI), human norovirus Group II (HNV-GII), and enteroviruses (EV). Seven out of 19 (36.8%) raw milk samples tested positive for human noroviruses (HNV). The genotypes detected were HNV-GI and HNV-GII. Three positive samples contained both genotypes, and 2 samples were positive for either of HNV-GI and HNV-GII. No sample tested positive for EV. The correlation between the occurrence of HNV and the microbial indicators was studied. The statistical analysis using first- and second-order regression revealed that there is no correlation between F(+) coliphage and E. coli. Similarly, no correlation was noticed between the occurrence of F(+) coliphages and HNV. However, frequency distribution analysis indicated that 3 out of 4 (75%) of raw milk samples containing F(+) coliphage at a concentration higher than 10(4) pfu/100 ml were also positive for noroviruses. The limited data on the occurrence of noroviruses in raw milk suggest a poor sanitation and hygiene practices at the facility and indicate a possible correlation between the viral indicator at high concentration and human noroviruses; however, this analysis needs further investigation in a larger scale study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Yavarmanesh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|