Chamniansawat S, Suksridechacin N, Thongon N. Current opinion on the regulation of small intestinal magnesium absorption.
World J Gastroenterol 2023;
29:332-342. [PMID:
36687126 PMCID:
PMC9846944 DOI:
10.3748/wjg.v29.i2.332]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) has an important role in numerous biological functions, and Mg2+ deficiency is associated with several diseases. Therefore, adequate intestinal absorption of Mg2+ is vital for health. The small intestine was previously thought to absorb digested Mg2+ exclusively through an unregulated paracellular mechanism, which is responsible for approximately 90% of total Mg2+ absorption. Recent studies, however, have revealed that the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum absorb Mg2+ through both transcellular and paracellular routes. Several regulatory factors of small intestinal Mg2+ uptake also have been explored, e.g., parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23, apical acidity, proton pump inhibitor, and pH-sensing channel and receptors. The mechanistic factors underlying proton pump inhibitor suppression of small intestinal Mg2+, such as magnesiotropic protein dysfunction, higher mucosal bicarbonate secretion, Paneth cell dysfunction, and intestinal inflammation, are currently being explored. The potential role of small intestinal microbiomes in Mg2+ absorption has also been proposed. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanisms and regulatory factors of small intestinal Mg2+ absorption.
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