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Rong Y, Li B, Hou Y, Zhang L, Jia R, Zhu J. Influences of Stocking Density on Antioxidant Status, Nutrients Composition, and Lipid Metabolism in the Muscles of Cyprinus carpio under Rice-Fish Co-Culture. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:849. [PMID: 39061917 PMCID: PMC11274104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio is a significant freshwater species with substantial nutritional and economic value. Rice-carp co-culture represents one of its principal cultivation methods. However, in the system, the optimal farming density for carp and the impact of high stocking density on their muscle nutritional composition have yet to be explored. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate the influences of stocking density on the muscle nutrient profiles and metabolism of C. carpio in rice-fish co-culture systems. Common carp were cultured at three stocking densities, low density (LD), medium density (MD), and high density (HD), over a period of 60 days. Following this, comprehensive analyses incorporating physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics sequencing were conducted on the muscle tissue of C. carpio. The results demonstrated that HD treatment led to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of C. carpio, while resulting in elevated levels of various fatty acids in muscle tissue, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs). The metabolome analysis showed that HD treatment caused a marked reduction in 43 metabolites and a significant elevation in 30 metabolites, primarily linked to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the abnormalities in lipid metabolism induced by high-stocking-density treatment may be associated with significant alterations in the PPAR signaling pathway and adipokine signaling pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that in rice-fish co-culture systems, high stocking density disrupted the balance of antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in the muscles of C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrong Rong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Bing Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Wang M, Lu J, Zhang H, Héroux P, Wang G, Tang L, Liu Y. Evaluating micro-nano bubbles coupled with rice-crayfish co-culture systems: A field study promoting sustainable rice production intensification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173162. [PMID: 38735311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Traditional rice-fish symbiosis systems efficiently use soil and water resources but the adverse effects of prolonged flooding on the stability of rice growth can be mitigated. The feasibility and efficacy of injecting micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) in rice-crayfish co-cultures was investigated in a 22-hectare field experiment conducted over five months. This injection significantly enhanced the growth of both rice and crayfish, and increased total nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the soil, thereby augmenting fertility. Analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature and gene expression (rice and crayfish) clarified that micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) foster an optimal environment for rice root respiration, whereas rice establishes an optimal temperature for crayfish, thereby enhancing their activity and growth. Comparative analyses of gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway enrichment revealed that the injection of MNBs diversifies soil microbial communities and intensifies biological processes, such as plant hormone signal transduction. This was in marked contrast to the situation in our controls, rice monoculture (R) and micro-nano bubbles rice monoculture (MNB-R). The combination of rice-fish symbiosis with MNBs led to a 26.8 % increase in rice production and to an estimated 35 % improvement in economic efficiency. Overall, this research introduces an innovative and environmentally sustainable method to boost rice yields, thereby enhancing food security and providing additional income for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Luhai Chen
- Nanobubble Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201709, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jizhe Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Paul Héroux
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Nanobubble Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201709, China
| | - Li Tang
- Shanghai Garden (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Mitra S, Khan MA, Nielsen R, Kumar G, Rahman MT. Review of environmental challenges in the Bangladesh aquaculture industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8330-8340. [PMID: 38168855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The increasing population and plateaued capture fishery landings have led to increasing demand for aquaculture products. However, environmental challenges are critical barriers to the sustainable development of aquaculture in developing countries. This review critically evaluates the environmental barriers facing aquaculture development in Bangladesh while laying out a roadmap for future development and spatial planning. An increase in the area used for aquaculture most often results in increasing pressure on natural resources such as land, water, energy, and the sources used for feed. Some of the negative externalities that this review focuses on are effluent discharge, the spread of diseases, and conflicts over land use with other ecosystem users. A way forward is to internalize these negative externalities and their costs into production decisions by farmers. Formulation of incentive-based pragmatic regulations can pave a forward path to increased environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mitra
- Department of Agricultural Finance and Cooperatives, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur City, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Akhtaruzzaman Khan
- Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Ganesh Kumar
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Md Takibur Rahman
- Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh
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4
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Inayat M, Abbas F, Hafeez-ur-Rehman M, Mahmud A. Optimizing rice-fish co-culture: Investigating the impact of rice spacing density on biochemical profiles and production of genetically modified tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and Cyprinus carpio. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295996. [PMID: 38153956 PMCID: PMC10754446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice fish co-culture synergistically boosts food production, resulting in numerous advantages across the environmental, social, and financial domains. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different rice spacing densities, rice high density (RHD) 9inch×12inch, rice medium density (RMD) 12inch × 12inch, rice low density (RLD) 15inch×12inchon both rice and fish. Various parameters were assessed to evaluate the performance of the co-culture system, including water quality, growth parameters, muscle quality, soil characteristics, rice stem characteristics, and rice yield parameters. When comparing the species, it was observed that GMT (Genetically Male Tilapia) demonstrated superior weight gain (303.13g vs 296.41g) and specific growth rate (1.16 vs 1.15). Regarding the proximate composition, results showed that RMD had the highest crude protein and fat content compared to RLD and RHD. GMT also exhibited greater crude protein and fat content than Cyprinus carpio, with RMD showing the highest values. Treatment groups significantly influenced the amino acid profile of experimental species, with RMD exhibiting the highest values. GMT showed significantly higher levels of essential, non-essential, half-essential, and umami amino acids compared to Cyprinus carpio. The interaction between RMD and GMT further demonstrated significant differences in various amino acid categories with RMD. A non-significant difference was observed among the treatments regarding soil biochemical characteristics. Regarding the rice stem characters, the height of the plant, panicle length, and stem length of rice were found to be comparable in the RMD and RLD groups however, significantly higher in RHD. Regarding rice yield parameters, no significant differences were observed among the other treatment groups, except for yield per hectare (yield/ha), which was significantly higher in the RHD group compared to RMD and RLD. Additionally, 1000-grain weight and panicle number (ears per hill) were significantly higher in the RLD treatment than in the other treatments. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the RMD treatment consistently yielded superior results compared to RLD and RHD. Furthermore, within the rice-fish co-culture system, GMT proved to be a more competent species compared to Cyprinus carpio. The study provides data to understand the interactions between rice spacing density, fish growth and overall productivity can guide the development of sustainable and profitable rice-fish co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Inayat
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Abbas
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmud
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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5
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Ge L, Sun Y, Li Y, Wang L, Guo G, Song L, Wang C, Wu G, Zang X, Cai X, Li S, Li P. Ecosystem sustainability of rice and aquatic animal co-culture systems and a synthesis of its underlying mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163314. [PMID: 37030380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrated planting and breeding of rice and aquatic animals, including traditional rice-fish co-culture (RF), has been conducted for over 1200 years. It is one of the primary modes of modern ecologically sustainable agriculture. Rice and aquatic animal (RA) co-culture systems reduce risks of environmental pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, maintain soil fertility, stabilize grain incomes, and preserve paddy field biodiversity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie the ecological sustainability of these systems remain controversial and poorly understood, restricting their practice at a larger scale. Here, the latest advance in understanding the evolution and extension of RA systems is synthesized, in addition to a discussion of the underlying ecological mechanisms of taxonomic interactions, complementary nutrient use, and microbially-driven elemental cycling. Specifically, the aim of this review is to provide a theoretical framework for the design of sustainable agricultural systems by integrating traditional knowledge and modern technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guanqing Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Lili Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guogan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zang
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiaomei Cai
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China.
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6
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Saikia SK. Aquatic resources and feed diversification: Reviewing three case studies from South East Asia with a viewpoint of trophic intensification in rice fish culture. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Tao L, Chai J, Liu H, Huang W, Zou Y, Wu M, Peng B, Wang Q, Tang K. Characterization and Dynamics of the Gut Microbiota in Rice Fishes at Different Developmental Stages in Rice-Fish Coculture Systems. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2373. [PMID: 36557627 PMCID: PMC9787495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice-fish system (RFS), a traditional coculture farming model, was selected as a "globally important agricultural heritage system." Host-associated microbiota play important roles in development, metabolism, physiology, and immune function. However, studies on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals in the RFS are scarce, especially the lack of baseline knowledge of the dynamics of gut microbial communities in rice fish during different developmental stages. In this study, we characterized the microbial composition, community structure, and functions of several sympatric aquatic animals (common carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and black-spotted frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus)), and the environment (water) in the RFS using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, we investigated stage-specific signatures in the gut microbiota of common carp throughout the three developmental stages (juvenile, sub-adult, and adult). Our results indicated that the Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were dominant gut microbial phyla in rice fish. The differences in gut microbial compositions and community structure between the three aquatic species were observed. Although no significant differences in alpha diversity were observed across the three developmental stages, the microbial composition and community structure varied with development in common carp in the RFS, with an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes in sub-adults and a shift in the functional features of the community. This study sheds light on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals in the RFS. It deepens our understanding of the dynamics of gut microflora during common carp development, which may help improve aquaculture strategies in the RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yan Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Buqing Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Keyi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
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Ahmed N, Hornbuckle J, Turchini GM. Blue-green water utilization in rice-fish cultivation towards sustainable food production. AMBIO 2022; 51:1933-1948. [PMID: 35244893 PMCID: PMC9287512 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrated rice-fish culture is a competitive alternative to rice monoculture for environmental sustainability and food productivity. Compared to rice monoculture, rearing fish in rice field ecosystems could increase food (rice and fish) production from this coculture. Moreover, the water productivity of rice-fish coculture is considerably higher than that of rice monoculture, because of double cropping. Despite these benefits, rice-fish coculture has not yet been broadly practiced. One of the potential challenges for the wider adoption of rice-fish coculture is water management. There are two forms of water involved in rice-fish cultivation: (1) blue water-surface and groundwater, and (2) green water-soil water from rainfall. The aim of this article is to focus on key factors determining the adoption of rice-fish cultivation through the effective utilization of blue-green water. We suggest that the efficient application of blue and green water in rice-fish coculture could help confronting water scarcity, reducing water footprint, and increasing water productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesar Ahmed
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - John Hornbuckle
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Griffith, Hanwood, NSW 2680 Australia
| | - Giovanni M. Turchini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
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9
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Design Model and Management Plan of a Rice–Fish Mixed Farming Paddy for Urban Agriculture and Ecological Education. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Imparting knowledge on agriculture and ecology is important for the preservation of nature. This study suggested the design of a rice–fish mixed farming (RFMF) paddy for urban agriculture and ecological education in Korea. This RFMF paddy supports the growth of rice as well as freshwater fish. ANOVA statistical analysis was conducted, and an RFMF paddy was necessary for urban agriculture/education and confirmed that biodiversity was high. To this aim, the design of a 10 m × 10 m RFMF paddy was suggested. Vegetation, insects, and aquatic invertebrates of the RFMF paddy constituted approximately 40 species more than a conventional paddy. The quality of an actual farm’s soil and water was assessed, and techniques for the co-cultivation of rice and fish are proposed. The soil must comply with the standards of Korean paddy soil, and the water must be in the temperature range of 15 to 35 °C. In the proposed design, approximately 44.0 kg rice can be produced, and catfish can grow up to 30 cm. The study suggested many experiences using rice and freshwater fish. On the basis of our study design, a virtual model of an RFMF paddy was developed in consideration of the accessible space. The development of RFMF paddies in educational institutions can promote biodiversity in cities while providing ecological education regarding aquatic plants and insects.
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Zhong Z, Fan J, Su H, Li Y, Ma D, Zhu H. Genetic sources and diversity of the paddy field carp in the Pearl River basin inferred from two mitochondrial loci. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.896609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paddy field carp (PF-carp) is an economically important fish cocultured with rice in traditional agricultural systems. Several distinctive strains of PF-carp have been formed through years of artificial and cross breeding. There is a concern about the status of germplasm resources among PF-carp, since little is known about the genetic sources, diversity, or differentiation. In this study we collected 17 PF-carp populations covering Daotian carp (DTL), Ru Yuan No. 1 (RY), Jinbian carp (JBL), Shaijiang carp (SJL), and Wu carp (WL) along the Pearl River basin to explore their genetic sources and diversity using concatenated sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the D-Loop region. According to the haplotype network analyses, 1, 9, and 57 haplotypes originated from Cyprinus carpio carpio, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus and Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus, respectively, confirming that genetic introgression has occurred in Pearl River PF-carp populations and Cyprinus carpio carpio was the most common species for genetic origin. The results showed that RY exhibited the lowest level of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0011) due to high-intensity breeding and was significantly differentiated from the other four strains. PF-carp strains in these remote traditional systems tended to experience artificial selection and a lack of farmer connection that gradually increased genetic differentiation among strains. Notably, three populations of JBL exhibited significant high-level differentiation, since they originated from mountainous areas hindering farmers from fry exchange. In contrast, no significant differentiation was uncovered in the WL populations, since this strain is the most popular cultured strain and has undergone artificial exchange of parents and fry in many cultured regions. This study helps us to understand the status of germplasm resources among PF-carp and to trace their genetic origin before being introduced for local cultivation.
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Guo L, Zhao L, Ye J, Ji Z, Tang JJ, Bai K, Zheng S, Hu L, Chen X. Using aquatic animals as partners to increase yield and maintain soil nitrogen in the paddy ecosystems. eLife 2022; 11:73869. [PMID: 35190027 PMCID: PMC8863371 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether species coculture can overcome the shortcomings of crop monoculture requires additional study. Here, we show how aquatic animals (i.e. carp, crabs, and softshell turtles) benefit paddy ecosystems when cocultured with rice. Three separate field experiments and three separate mesocosm experiments were conducted. Each experiment included a rice monoculture (RM) treatment and a rice-aquatic animal (RA) coculture treatment; RA included feed addition for aquatic animals. In the field experiments, rice yield was higher with RA than with RM, and RA also produced aquatic animal yields that averaged 0.52–2.57 t ha-1. Compared to their corresponding RMs, the three RAs had significantly higher apparent nitrogen (N)-use efficiency and lower weed infestation, while soil N contents were stable over time. Dietary reconstruction analysis based on 13C and 15N showed that 16.0–50.2% of aquatic animal foods were from naturally occurring organisms in the rice fields. Stable-isotope-labeling (13C) in the field experiments indicated that the organic matter decomposition rate was greater with RA than with RM. Isotope 15N labeling in the mesocosm experiments indicated that rice used 13.0–35.1% of the aquatic animal feed-N. All these results suggest that rice-aquatic animal coculture increases food production, increases N-use efficiency, and maintains soil N content by reducing weeds and promoting decomposition and complementary N use. Our study supports the view that adding species to monocultures may enhance agroecosystem functions. Monoculture, where only one type of crop is grown to the exclusion of any other organism, is a pillar of modern agriculture. Yet this narrow focus disregards how complex inter-species interactions can increase crop yield and biodiversity while decreasing the need for fertilizers or pesticides. For example, many farmers across Asia introduce carps, crabs, turtles or other freshwater grazers into their rice paddies. This coculture approach yields promising results but remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how these animals’ behaviours and biological processes benefit the ecosystem. To examine these questions, Guo, Zhao et al. conducted three separate four-year field experiments; they compared rice plots inhabited by either carp, mitten crabs or Chinese softshell turtles with fields where these organisms were not present. With animals, the rice paddies had less weeds, better crop yields and steady levels of nitrogen (a natural fertiliser) in their soil. These ecosystems could breakdown organic matter faster, use it better and had a reduced need for added fertilizer. While animal feed was provided in the areas that were studied, carp, crabs and turtles obtained up to half their food from the field itself, eating weeds, algae and pests and therefore reducing competition for the crops. This work helps to understand the importance of species interactions, showing that diversifying monocultures may boost yields and make agriculture more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlong Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Bai
- Bioversity International, Maccarese, Italy
| | - Sijun Zheng
- Bioversity International, Maccarese, Italy.,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Liangliang Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Evaluation and Screening of Co-Culture Farming Models in Rice Field Based on Food Productivity. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional farming practice of rice field co-culture is a time-tested example of sustainable agriculture, which increases food productivity of arable land with few adverse environmental impacts. However, the small-scale farming practice needs to be adjusted for modern agricultural production. Screening of rice field co-culture farming models is important in deciding the suitable model for industry-wide promotion. In this study, we aim to find the optimal rice field co-culture farming models for large-scale application, based on the notion of food productivity. We used experimental data from the Jiangsu Province of China and applied food-equivalent unit and arable-land-equivalent unit methods to examine applicable protocols for large-scale promotion of rice field co-culture farming models. Results indicate that the rice-loach and rice-catfish models achieve the highest food productivity; the rice-duck model increases the rice yield, while the rice-turtle and rice-crayfish models generate extra economic profits. Simultaneously considering economic benefits, staple food security, and regional food output, we recommend the rice-duck, rice-crayfish, and rice-catfish models. Simulating provincial promotion of the above three models, we conclude that food output increases from all three recommended models, as well as the land production capacity. The rice-catfish co-culture model has the most substantial food productivity. None of the three models threatens staple food security, as they do not compete for land resources with rice cultivation.
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Suckall N, Tompkins EL, Nicholls RJ, Kebede AS, Lázár AN, Hutton C, Vincent K, Allan A, Chapman A, Rahman R, Ghosh T, Mensah A. A framework for identifying and selecting long term adaptation policy directions for deltas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:946-957. [PMID: 29602126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deltas are precarious environments experiencing significant biophysical, and socio-economic changes with the ebb and flow of seasons (including with floods and drought), with infrastructural developments (such as dikes and polders), with the movement of people, and as a result of climate and environmental variability and change. Decisions are being taken about the future of deltas and about the provision of adaptation investment to enable people and the environment to respond to the changing climate and related changes. The paper presents a framework to identify options for, and trade-offs between, long term adaptation strategies in deltas. Using a three step process, we: (1) identify current policy-led adaptations actions in deltas by conducting literature searches on current observable adaptations, potential transformational adaptations and government policy; (2) develop narratives of future adaptation policy directions that take into account investment cost of adaptation and the extent to which significant policy change/political effort is required; and (3) explore trade-offs that occur within each policy direction using a subjective weighting process developed during a collaborative expert workshop. We conclude that the process of developing policy directions for adaptation can assist policy makers in scoping the spectrum of options that exist, while enabling them to consider their own willingness to make significant policy changes within the delta and to initiate transformative change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Suckall
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Emma L Tompkins
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert J Nicholls
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Abiy S Kebede
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Attila N Lázár
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Craig Hutton
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Katharine Vincent
- Kulima Integrated Development Solutions (Pty) Ltd, Postnet Suite H79, Private Bag x9118, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Andrew Allan
- Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science, School of Law, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Alex Chapman
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rezaur Rahman
- Institute of Water and Flood Management at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Ghosh
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Adelina Mensah
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Chapagain T, Raizada MN. Agronomic Challenges and Opportunities for Smallholder Terrace Agriculture in Developing Countries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:331. [PMID: 28367150 PMCID: PMC5355443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Improving land productivity is essential to meet increasing food and forage demands in hillside and mountain communities. Tens of millions of smallholder terrace farmers in Asia, Africa, and Latin America who earn $1-2 per day do not have access to peer-reviewed knowledge of best agronomic practices, though they have considerable traditional ecological knowledge. Terrace farmers also lack access to affordable farm tools and inputs required to increase crop yields. The objectives of this review are to highlight the agronomic challenges of terrace farming, and offer innovative, low-cost solutions to intensify terrace agriculture while improving local livelihoods. The article focuses on smallholder farmers in developing nations, with particular reference to Nepal. The challenges of terrace agriculture in these regions include lack of quality land area for agriculture, erosion and loss of soil fertility, low yield, poor access to agricultural inputs and services, lack of mechanization, labor shortages, poverty, and illiteracy. Agronomic strategies that could help address these concerns include intensification of terraces using agro-ecological approaches along with introduction of light-weight, low-cost, and purchasable tools and affordable inputs that enhance productivity and reduce female drudgery. To package, deliver, and share these technologies with remote hillside communities, effective scaling up models are required. One opportunity to enable distribution of these products could be to "piggy-back" onto pre-existing snackfood/cigarette/alcohol distribution networks that are prevalent even in the most remote mountainous regions of the world. Such strategies, practices, and tools could be supported by formalized government policies dedicated to the well-being of terrace farmers and ecosystems, to maintain resiliency at a time of alarming climate change. We hope this review will inform governments, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to draw attention to this neglected and vulnerable agro-ecosystem in developing countries.
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Joffre O, Castine S, Phillips M, Senaratna Sellamuttu S, Chandrabalan D, Cohen P. Increasing productivity and improving livelihoods in aquatic agricultural systems: a review of interventions. Food Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-016-0633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Can the co-cultivation of rice and fish help sustain rice production? Sci Rep 2016; 6:28728. [PMID: 27349875 PMCID: PMC4923892 DOI: 10.1038/srep28728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because rice feeds half of the world’s population, a secure global food supply depends on sustainable rice production. Here we test whether the co-cultivation of rice and fish into one “rice-fish system” (RFS; fish refers to aquatic animals in this article) could help sustain rice production. We examined intensive and traditional RFSs that have been widely practiced in China. We found that rice yields did not decrease when fish yield was below a threshold value in each intensive RFS. Below the thresholds, moreover, fish yields in intensive RFSs can be substantially higher than those in traditional RFS without reducing rice yield. Relative to rice monoculture, the use of fertilizer-nitrogen and pesticides decreased, and the farmers’ net income increased in RFSs. The results suggest that RFSs can help sustain rice production, and suggest that development of co-culture technologies (i.e. proper field configuration for fish and rice) is necessary to achieve the sustainability.
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Ahmed N, Flaherty MS. Opportunities for aquaculture in the ethnic Garo community of northern Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wrr.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ahmed N, Flaherty MS. Opportunities and challenges for the development of prawn farming with fish and rice in southeast Bangladesh: potential for food security and economic growth. Food Secur 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-013-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Berg H, Berg C, Nguyen TT. Integrated Rice-Fish Farming: Safeguarding Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Food Production in the Mekong Delta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10440046.2012.712090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ahmed N, Muir JF, Garnett ST. Bangladesh needs a "blue-green revolution" to achieve a green economy. AMBIO 2012; 41:211-5. [PMID: 22396101 PMCID: PMC3357836 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesar Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - James F. Muir
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909 Australia
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