1
|
Fedr R, Kahounová Z, Remšík J, Reiterová M, Kalina T, Souček K. Variability of fluorescence intensity distribution measured by flow cytometry is influenced by cell size and cell cycle progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4889. [PMID: 36966193 PMCID: PMC10039904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fluorescence signals measured with flow cytometry can be influenced by several factors, including qualitative and quantitative properties of the used fluorochromes, optical properties of the detection system, as well as the variability within the analyzed cell population itself. Most of the single cell samples prepared from in vitrocultures or clinical specimens contain a variable cell cycle component. Cell cycle, together with changes in the cell size, are two of the factors that alter the functional properties of analyzed cells and thus affect the interpretation of obtained results. Here, we describe the association between cell cycle status and cell size, and the variability in the distribution of fluorescence intensity as determined with flow cytometry, at population scale. We show that variability in the distribution of background and specific fluorescence signals is related to the cell cycle state of the selected population, with the 10% low fluorescence signal fraction enriched mainly in cells in their G0/G1 cell cycle phase, and the 10% high fraction containing cells mostly in the G2/M phase. Therefore we advise using caution and additional experimental validation when comparing populations defined by fractions at both ends of fluorescence signal distribution to avoid biases caused by the effect of cell cycle and cell size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kahounová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Remšík
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michaela Reiterová
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kalina
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Ye Y, Dhar R, Deng J, Tang H. Estimating Dynamic Cellular Morphological Properties via the Combination of the RTCA System and a Hough-Transform-Based Algorithm. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101287. [PMID: 31640200 PMCID: PMC6829879 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The xCELLigence real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system has the potential to detect cellular proliferation, migration, cytotoxicity, adherence, and remodeling. Although the RTCA system is widely recognized as a noninvasive and efficient tool for real-time monitoring of cellular fate, it cannot describe detailed cell morphological parameters, such as length and intensity. Transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β) induced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which produces significant changes in cellular morphology, so we used TGF-β to treat A549 epithelial cells in this study. We compared it with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) as stimulators. We developed an efficient algorithm to quantify the morphological cell changes. This algorithm is comprised of three major parts: image preprocessing, Hough transform (HT), and post-processing. We used the RTCA system to record the A549 cell index. Western blot was used to confirm the EMT. The RTCA system showed that different stimulators produce different cell index curves. The algorithm determined the lengths of the detected lines of cells, and the results were similar to the RTCA system in the TGF-β group. The Western blot results show that TGF-β changed the EMT markers, but the other stimulator remained unchanged. Optics-based computer vision techniques can supply the requisite information for the RTCA system based on good correspondence between the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lejun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Rana Dhar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Jinsong Deng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Samadder P, Suchánková T, Hylse O, Khirsariya P, Nikulenkov F, Drápela S, Straková N, Vaňhara P, Vašíčková K, Kolářová H, Binó L, Bittová M, Ovesná P, Kollár P, Fedr R, Ešner M, Jaroš J, Hampl A, Krejčí L, Paruch K, Souček K. Synthesis and Profiling of a Novel Potent Selective Inhibitor of CHK1 Kinase Possessing Unusual N-trifluoromethylpyrazole Pharmacophore Resistant to Metabolic N-dealkylation. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1831-1842. [PMID: 28619751 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint-mediated dependency of tumor cells can be deployed to selectively kill them without substantial toxicity to normal cells. Specifically, loss of CHK1, a serine threonine kinase involved in the surveillance of the G2-M checkpoint in the presence of replication stress inflicted by DNA-damaging drugs, has been reported to dramatically influence the viability of tumor cells. CHK1's pivotal role in maintaining genomic stability offers attractive opportunity for increasing the selectivity, effectivity, and reduced toxicity of chemotherapy. Some recently identified CHK1 inhibitors entered clinical trials in combination with DNA antimetabolites. Herein, we report synthesis and profiling of MU380, a nontrivial analogue of clinically profiled compound SCH900776 possessing the highly unusual N-trifluoromethylpyrazole motif, which was envisioned not to undergo metabolic oxidative dealkylation and thereby provide greater robustness to the compound. MU380 is a selective and potent inhibitor of CHK1 which sensitizes a variety of tumor cell lines to hydroxyurea or gemcitabine up to 10 times. MU380 shows extended inhibitory effects in cells, and unlike SCH900776, does not undergo in vivo N-dealkylation to the significantly less selective metabolite. Compared with SCH900776, MU380 in combination with GEM causes higher accumulation of DNA damage in tumor cells and subsequent enhanced cell death, and is more efficacious in the A2780 xenograft mouse model. Overall, MU380 represents a novel state-of-the-art CHK1 inhibitor with high potency, selectivity, and improved metabolic robustness to oxidative N-dealkylation. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1831-42. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pounami Samadder
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Suchánková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hylse
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Prashant Khirsariya
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fedor Nikulenkov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Drápela
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Straková
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vašíčková
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Binó
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Bittová
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kollár
- Cellular Imaging Core Facility - CELLIM, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Ešner
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Cellular Imaging Core Facility - CELLIM, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jaroš
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Krejčí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu H, Chen Y, Chen Q, Xu H, Wang Y, Yu J, Zhou J, Wang Z, Xu B. DNMT1 regulates IL-6- and TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate epithelial cells. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2775. [PMID: 28735516 PMCID: PMC5432940 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
He Y, Ou Z, Chen X, Zu X, Liu L, Li Y, Cao Z, Chen M, Chen Z, Chen H, Qi L, Wang L. LPS/TLR4 Signaling Enhances TGF-β Response Through Downregulating BAMBI During Prostatic Hyperplasia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27051. [PMID: 27243216 PMCID: PMC4886686 DOI: 10.1038/srep27051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development involves accumulation of mesenchymal-like cells derived from the prostatic epithelium by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces EMT phenotypes with low E-cadherin and high vimentin expression in prostatic epithelial cells. Here we report that LPS/TLR4 signalling induces down-regulation of the bone morphogenic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), which enhances TGF-β signalling in the EMT process during prostatic hyperplasia. Additionally, we found that the mean TLR4 staining score was significantly higher in BPH tissues with inflammation compared with BPH tissues without inflammation (5.13 ± 1.21 and 2.96 ± 0.73, respectively; P < 0.001). Moreover, patients with inflammatory infiltrate were more likely to have a higher age (P = 0.020), BMI (P = 0.026), prostate volume (P = 0.024), total IPSS score (P = 0.009) and IPSS-S (P < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses demonstrated that TLR4 mRNA expression level was significantly positively associated with age, BMI, serum PSA levels, urgency and nocturia subscores of IPSS in the inflammatory group. These findings provide new insights into the TLR4-amplified EMT process and the association between TLR4 levels and storage LUTS, suggesting chronic inflammation as vital to the pathogenesis of BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenyu Ou
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
TAp73 loss favors Smad-independent TGF-β signaling that drives EMT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1358-70. [PMID: 26943320 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances made in pancreatic cancer therapy have been far from sufficient and have allowed only a slight improvement in global survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Recent progresses in chemotherapy have offered some hope for an otherwise gloomy outlook, however, only a limited number of patients are eligible because of important cytotoxicity. In this context, enhancing our knowledge on PDA initiation and evolution is crucial to highlight certain weaknesses on which to specifically target therapy. We found that loss of transcriptionally active p73 (TAp73), a p53 family member, impacted PDA development. In two relevant and specific engineered pancreatic cancer mouse models, we observed that TAp73 deficiency reduced survival and enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through proteomic analysis of conditioned media from TAp73 wild-type (WT) and deficient pancreatic tumor cells, we identified a secreted protein, biglycan (BGN), which is necessary and sufficient to mediate this pro-EMT effect. Interestingly, BGN is modulated by and modulates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, a key regulator of the EMT process. We further examined this link and revealed that TAp73 impacts the TGF-β pathway by direct regulation of BGN expression and Sma and Mad-related proteins (SMADs) expression/activity. Absence of TAp73 leads to activation of TGF-β signaling through a SMAD-independent pathway, favoring oncogenic TGF-β effects and EMT. Altogether, our data highlight the implication of TAp73 in the aggressiveness of pancreatic carcinogenesis through modulation of the TGF-β signaling. By suggesting TAp73 as a predictive marker for response to TGF-β inhibitors, our study could improve the classification of PDA patients with a view to offering combined therapy involving TGF-β inhibitors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cohen EN, Gao H, Anfossi S, Mego M, Reddy NG, Debeb B, Giordano A, Tin S, Wu Q, Garza RJ, Cristofanilli M, Mani SA, Croix DA, Ueno NT, Woodward WA, Luthra R, Krishnamurthy S, Reuben JM. Inflammation Mediated Metastasis: Immune Induced Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207636 PMCID: PMC4514595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most insidious form of locally advanced breast cancer; about a third of patients have distant metastasis at initial staging. Emerging evidence suggests that host factors in the tumor microenvironment may interact with underlying IBC cells to make them aggressive. It is unknown whether immune cells associated to the IBC microenvironment play a role in this scenario to transiently promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in these cells. We hypothesized that soluble factors secreted by activated immune cells can induce an EMT in IBC and thus promote metastasis. In a pilot study of 16 breast cancer patients, TNF-α production by peripheral blood T cells was correlated with the detection of circulating tumor cells expressing EMT markers. In a variety of IBC model cell lines, soluble factors from activated T cells induced expression of EMT-related genes, including FN1, VIM, TGM2, ZEB1. Interestingly, although IBC cells exhibited increased invasion and migration following exposure to immune factors, the expression of E-cadherin (CDH1), a cell adhesion molecule, increased uniquely in IBC cell lines but not in non-IBC cell lines. A combination of TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β was able to recapitulate EMT induction in IBC, and conditioned media preloaded with neutralizing antibodies against these factors exhibited decreased EMT. These data suggest that release of cytokines by activated immune cells may contribute to the aggressiveness of IBC and highlight these factors as potential target mediators of immune-IBC interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan N. Cohen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Simone Anfossi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michal Mego
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Neelima G. Reddy
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bisrat Debeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanda Tin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raul J. Garza
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sendurai A. Mani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Denise A. Croix
- Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wendy A. Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raja Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James M. Reuben
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kratochvílová K, Horak P, Ešner M, Souček K, Pils D, Anees M, Tomasich E, Dráfi F, Jurtíková V, Hampl A, Krainer M, Vaňhara P. Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) prevents the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits tumor growth by modulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1330-40. [PMID: 25735931 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and contributes greatly to cancer-related deaths. Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) is a putative tumor suppressor gene located at chromosomal region 8p22, which is often lost in epithelial cancers. Epigenetic silencing of TUSC3 has been associated with poor prognosis, and hypermethylation of its promoter provides an independent biomarker of overall and disease-free survival in ovarian cancer patients. TUSC3 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in an oligosaccharyl tranferase complex responsible for the N-glycosylation of proteins. However, the precise molecular role of TUSC3 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we establish TUSC3 as a novel ovarian cancer tumor suppressor using a xenograft mouse model and demonstrate that loss of TUSC3 alters the molecular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces hallmarks of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer cells. In summary, we have confirmed the tumor-suppressive function of TUSC3 and identified the possible mechanism driving TUSC3-deficient ovarian cancer cells toward a malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Kratochvílová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milan Ešner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Erwin Tomasich
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - František Dráfi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Jurtíková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Krainer
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bondzio A, Lodemann U, Weise C, Einspanier R. Cry1Ab treatment has no effects on viability of cultured porcine intestinal cells, but triggers Hsp70 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67079. [PMID: 23861753 PMCID: PMC3701575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro testing can contribute to reduce the risk that the use of genetically modified (GM) crops and their proteins show unintended toxic effects. Here we introduce a porcine intestinal cell culture (IPEC-J2) as appropriate in vitro model and tested the possible toxic potential of Cry1Ab protein, commonly expressed in GM-maize. For comprehensive risk assessment we used WST-1 conversion and ATP content as metabolic markers for proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase release as indicator for cells with compromised membrane and transepithelial electrical resistance as parameter indicating membrane barrier function. The results were compared to the effects of valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, known to induce cytotoxic effects in most mammalian cell types. Whereas no toxicity was observed after Cry1Ab treatment, valinomycin induced a decrease in IPEC-J2 viability. This was confirmed by dynamic monitoring of cellular responses. Additionally, two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis was performed. Only three proteins were differentially expressed. The functions of these proteins were associated with responses to stress. The up-regulation of heat shock protein Hsp70 was verified by Western blotting as well as by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and may be related to a protective function. These findings suggest that the combination of in vitro testing and proteomic analysis may serve as a promising tool for mechanism based safety assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bondzio
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
V-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Raf-1) is a key activator of the ERK pathway and is a target for cross-regulation of this pathway by the cAMP signaling system. The cAMP-activated protein kinase, PKA, inhibits Raf-1 by phosphorylation on S259. Here, we show that the cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase-8A (PDE8A) associates with Raf-1 to protect it from inhibitory phosphorylation by PKA, thereby enhancing Raf-1's ability to stimulate ERK signaling. PDE8A binds to Raf-1 with high (picomolar) affinity. Mapping of the interaction domain on PDE8A using peptide array technology identified amino acids 454-465 as the main binding site, which could be disrupted by mutation. A cell-permeable peptide corresponding to this region disrupted the PDE8A/Raf-1 interaction in cells, thereby reducing ERK activation and the cellular response to EGF. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive PDE8A in cells displayed a dominant negative phenotype on ERK activation. These effects were recapitulated at the organism level in genetically modified (PDE8A(-/-)) mice. Similarly, PDE8 deletion in Drosophila melanogaster reduced basal ERK activation and sensitized flies to stress-induced death. We propose that PDE8A is a physiological regulator of Raf-1 signaling in some cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fedr R, Pernicová Z, Slabáková E, Straková N, Bouchal J, Grepl M, Kozubík A, Souček K. Automatic cell cloning assay for determining the clonogenic capacity of cancer and cancer stem-like cells. Cytometry A 2013; 83:472-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Tian D, Zhang W, He J, Liu Y, Song Z, Zhou Z, Zheng M, Hu Y. Novel, real-time cell analysis for measuring viral cytopathogenesis and the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies to the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31965. [PMID: 22363775 PMCID: PMC3282789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel electronic cell sensor array technology, the real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system, was developed to monitor cell events. Unlike the conventional methods labeling the target cells with fluorescence, luminescence, or light absorption, the RTCA system allows for label-free detection of cell processes directly without the incorporation of labels. Here, we used this new format to measure the cytopathic effect (CPE) of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus and the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies in human sera to this virus. The real-time dynamic monitoring of CPE was performed on MDCK cell cultures infected with the H1N1 virus, ranging from 5.50×102 to 5.50×107 copies/mL. The resulting CPE kinetic curves were automatically recorded and were both time and viral load dependent. The CPE kinetics were also distinguishable between different H1N1 stains, as the onset of CPE induced by the A/Shanghai/37T/2009 H1N1 virus was earlier than that of the A/Shanghai/143T/2009 H1N1 virus. Furthermore, inhibition of H1N1 virus-induced CPE in the presence of human specific anti-sera was detected and quantified using the RTCA system. Antibody titers determined using this new neutralization test correlated well with those obtained independently via the standard hemagglutination inhibition test. Taken together, this new CPE assay format provided label-free and high-throughput measurement of viral growth and the effect of neutralizing antibodies, illustrating its potential in influenza vaccine studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanju Zhang
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitong Zhou
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnostic and Treatment, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Department, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Slabáková E, Pernicová Z, Slavíčková E, Staršíchová A, Kozubík A, Souček K. TGF-β1-induced EMT of non-transformed prostate hyperplasia cells is characterized by early induction of SNAI2/Slug. Prostate 2011; 71:1332-43. [PMID: 21321977 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) underlying cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been thoroughly studied in prostate cancer. Although EMT markers have been clinically observed in benign prostate hyperplasia, molecular events underlying the onset and progression of EMT in benign prostate cells have not been described. METHODS EMT in BPH-1 cells was induced by TGF-β1 treatment and the kinetics of expression of EMT markers, regulators, and selected miRNAs was assessed by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS EMT in BPH-1 cells was accompanied by rapid up-regulation of SNAI2/Slug and ZEB1 transcription factors, while changes in expression levels of ZEB2 and miR-200 family members were observed after extended time intervals. Invasive phenotype with EMT hallmarks, characterizing tumorigenic clones derived from BPH-1 cells, was associated with increased mRNA levels of SNAI2, ZEB1, and ZEB2, but was not associated with significant changes in basal levels of miR-200 family members. RNA interference revealed that SNAI2/Slug is crucial for TGF-β1-induced vimentin up-regulation and migration of BPH-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that in BPH-1 cells the transcription factor SNAI2/Slug is important for EMT initiation, while the ZEB family of transcription factors in cooperation with the miR-200 family may oppose the reversal of the EMT phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Slabáková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|