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Sun Y, Liu P, Guo W, Guo J, Chen J, Xue X, Duan C, Wang Z, Yan X. Study on the alleviative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on Eimeria falciformis infection. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0013024. [PMID: 38842306 PMCID: PMC11324035 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00130-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidia of the genus Eimeria are specialized intracellular parasitic protozoa that cause severe coccidiosis when they infect their hosts. Animals infected with Eimeria develop clinical symptoms, such as anorexia, diarrhea, and hematochezia, which can even cause death. Although the current preferred regimen for the treatment of coccidiosis is antibiotics, this treatment strategy is limited by the ban on antibiotics and the growing problem of drug resistance. Therefore, the exploration of alternative methods for controlling coccidiosis has attracted much attention. Lactobacillus plantarum has been shown to have many beneficial effects. In this study, L. plantarum M2 was used as a research object to investigate the effect of L. plantarum on intestinal inflammation induced by infection with Eimeria falciformis in mice by detecting indicators, such as oocyst output, serum cytokines, and the intestinal microbiota. Compared with that in the infection group, the percent weight loss of the mice that were administered with L. plantarum M2 was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Supplemented L. plantarum M2 and probiotics combined with diclazuril can reduce the total oocyst output significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). L. plantarum M2 had outstanding performance in maintaining intestinal barrier function, and the levels of the mucin MUC1 and the tight junction protein E-cadherin were significantly elevated (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Studies have shown that probiotic supplementation can alleviate adverse reactions after infection and significantly improve intestinal barrier function. In addition, probiotics combined with diclazuril could optimize the partial efficacy of diclazuril, which not only enhanced the effect of antibiotics but also alleviated their adverse effects. This study expands the application of probiotics, provides new ideas for alternative strategies for coccidia control, and suggests a basis for related research on lactobacilli antagonizing intracellular pathogen infection.IMPORTANCECoccidia of the genus Eimeria are specialized intracellular parasitic protozoa, and the current preferred regimen for the treatment of coccidiosis is antibiotics. However, due to antibiotic bans and drug resistance, the exploration of alternative methods for controlling coccidiosis has attracted much attention. In this work, we focused on Lactobacillus plantarum M2 and found that probiotic supplementation can alleviate adverse reactions after infection and improve intestinal barrier function. This study proposes the possibility of using lactic acid bacteria to control coccidiosis, and its potential mechanism needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Sun
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Pufang Liu
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Guo
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinyu Xue
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chao Duan
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinlei Yan
- College of Food
Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural
University, Hohhot,
Inner Mongolia, China
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Jain M, Stitt G, Son L, Enioutina EY. Probiotics and Their Bioproducts: A Promising Approach for Targeting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2393. [PMID: 37894051 PMCID: PMC10608974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health problem that poses a threat to the successful treatment of various bacterial infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Conventional treatment of MRSA and VRE infections is challenging and often requires alternative or combination therapies that may have limited efficacy, higher costs, and/or more adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Probiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are two promising approaches that have shown potential benefits in various diseases. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. AMPs, usually produced with probiotic bacteria, are short amino acid sequences that have broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Both probiotics and AMPs can modulate the host immune system, inhibit the growth and adhesion of pathogens, disrupt biofilms, and enhance intestinal barrier function. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of probiotics and AMPs in targeting multi-drug-resistant bacteria, with a focus on MRSA and VRE. In addition, we discuss future directions for the clinical use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Y. Enioutina
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (M.J.); (G.S.); (L.S.)
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Habteweld HA, Asfaw T. Novel Dietary Approach with Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance and Subsequent Out Marketplace of Antimicrobial Agents: A Review. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3191-3211. [PMID: 37249957 PMCID: PMC10224695 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s413416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern worldwide. The continuous use and misuse of antimicrobial agents have led to the emergence and spread of resistant strains of bacteria, which can cause severe infections that are difficult to treat. One of the reasons for the constant development of new antimicrobial agents is the need to overcome the resistance that has developed against existing drugs. However, this approach is not sustainable in the long term, as bacteria can quickly develop resistance to new drugs as well. Additionally, the development of new drugs is costly and time-consuming, and there is no guarantee that new drugs will be effective or safe. An alternative approach to combat AMR is to focus on improving the body's natural defenses against infections by using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, which are helpful to restore and maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the body. Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed as food or supplements to promote gut health and improve the body's natural defenses against infections. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, while synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics that work together to improve gut health. By promoting a healthy balance of bacteria in the body, these can help to reduce the risk of infections and the need for antimicrobial agents. Additionally, these approaches are generally safe and well tolerated, and they do not contribute to the development of AMR. In conclusion, the continuous development of new antimicrobial agents is not a sustainable approach to combat AMR. Instead, alternative approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics should be considered as they can help to promote a healthy balance of bacteria in the body and reduce the need for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsegahun Asfaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Yang J, Qin S, Zhang H. Precise strategies for selecting probiotic bacteria in treatment of intestinal bacterial dysfunctional diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034727. [PMID: 36341458 PMCID: PMC9632739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant microbiota resides in the organs of the body, which utilize the nutrition and form a reciprocal relationship with the host. The composition of these microbiota changes under different pathological conditions, particularly in response to stress and digestive diseases, making the microbial composition and health of the hosts body interdependent. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have demonstrated beneficial effects on physical health and as such are used as supplements to ameliorate symptoms of various digestive diseases by optimizing microbial composition of the gut and restore digestive balance. However, the supplementary effect does not achieve the expected result. Therefore, a targeted screening strategy on probiotic bacteria is crucial, owing to the presence of several bacterial strains. Core bacteria work effectively in maintaining microbiological homeostasis and stabilization in the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the core bacteria can be inherited and acquired from maternal pregnancy and delivery; others can be acquired from contact with the mother, feces, and the environment. Knowing the genera and functions of the core bacteria could be vital in the isolation and selection of probiotic bacteria for supplementation. In addition, other supporting strains of probiotic bacteria are also needed. A comprehensive strategy for mining both core and supporting bacteria before its clinical use is needed. Using metagenomics or other methods of estimation to discern the typically differentiated strains of bacteria is another important strategy to treat dysbiosis. Hence, these two factors are significant to carry out targeted isolation and selection of the functional strains to compose the resulting probiotic preparation for application in both research and clinical use. In conclusion, precise probiotic supplementation, by screening abundant strains of bacteria and isolating specific probiotic strains, could rapidly establish the core microbiota needed to confer resilience, particularly in bacterial dysfunctional diseases. This approach can help identify distinct bacteria which can be used to improve supplementation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Shunyi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Breeding of Tianjin, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang,
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Hazan S. Microbiome-Based Hypothesis on Ivermectin's Mechanism in COVID-19: Ivermectin Feeds Bifidobacteria to Boost Immunity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952321. [PMID: 35898916 PMCID: PMC9309549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
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CORRECTION OF VAGINAL DYSBIOSIS CAUSED BY THE BIOFILM FORMING STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, USING PROBIOTIC BASED ON SPORE MICROORGANISMS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-1-79-209-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cizeikiene D, Jagelaviciute J. Investigation of Antibacterial Activity and Probiotic Properties of Strains Belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Genera for Their Potential Application in Functional Food and Feed Products. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1387-1403. [PMID: 33754306 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For novel food/feed product formulation, the selection of the right culture with probiotic properties is essential. The purpose of this research was to evaluate antibacterial activity and probiotic features of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. for its potential application in functional food/feed products as supplement. The evaluation of antibacterial activities was carried out by agar diffusion assay and broth inhibition assay methods against twelve pathogenic strains belonging to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staphylococcus hyicus species. Metabolites produced by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei DSM 20020, L. paracasei subsp. paracasei DSM 4905, and L. gasseri DSM 20077 inhibited the growth of all tested pathogens. The strains were characterized in vitro for their probiotic characteristics such as resistance to low pH and bile salts, antibiotic sensitivity by gradient diffusion using MIC Test Strips, autoaggregation and coaggregation assay with E. coli DSM 27503, and antioxidant activity by 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The results demonstrated that tested probiotic properties varied among the strains. Lactobacillus spp. tolerated pH 3 for 4 h, while 8 of 14 strains survived 4 h in pH 2. Most of tested strains were able to tolerate 0.3% bile salts for 4 h. All tested strains were sensitive to ampicillin. No gelatinase and hemolytic activities were detected. These results suggest Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum DSM 20099, and Bifidobacterium animalis DSM 20105 as probiotic candidates for the development of functional food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Cizeikiene
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Jolita Jagelaviciute
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gutiérrez-Falcón AI, Ramos-Nuez AM, de Los Monteros Y Zayas AE, Castillo DFP, García-Laorden MI, Chamizo-López FJ, Real Valcárcel F, Campelo FA, Benítez AB, Salgueiro PN, Cabrera CD, Rivero-Vera JC, González-Martín JM, Caballero JM, Frías-Beneyto R, Villar J, Martín-Barrasa JL. Probiotic Properties of Alcaligenes faecalis Isolated from Argyrosomus regius in Experimental Peritonitis (Rat Model). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1326-1337. [PMID: 33713309 PMCID: PMC8463381 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A strain of Alcaligenes faecalis A12C (A. faecalis A12C) isolated from Argyrosomus regius is a probiotic in fish. Previous experiments showed that A. faecalis A12C had inhibitory effects on the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We aimed to confirm whether A. faecalis A12C is safe and has adequate intestinal colonization in experimental rats, and evaluate its efficacy in an animal model of peritonitis. We used 30 male rats, randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 5): three groups (HA7, HA15, HA30) received A. faecalis A12C in drinking water (6 × 108 CFU/mL) for 7 days, and three control groups received drinking water only. All groups were evaluated at 7, 15, and 30 days. Survival after A. faecalis A12C administration was 100% in all groups. Mild eosinophilia (1.5%, p < 0.01) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (86 IU/L, p < 0.05) were observed in HA7, followed by progressive normalization. No histological signs of organ injury were found. We observed significant E. coli decline in faeces, parallel to an increase in A. faecalis A12C at 7 days. E. coli had a tendency to recover initial values, while A. faecalis A12C disappeared from the intestinal microbiota at 30 days. To evaluate its efficacy against peritonitis, we studied two additional groups of animals: IA group pretreated with A. faecalis A12C before E. coli intra-abdominal inoculation, and IC group inoculated with no A. faecalis A12C. We found an increase in C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and eosinophils in IC animals when compared with IA. Peritonitis was more evident in IC than in IA animals. Our findings suggest that A. faecalis A12C altered clinically relevant parameters in sepsis and was associated with a lesser spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Gutiérrez-Falcón
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Carretera de Trasmontaña s/n, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - A M Ramos-Nuez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Espinosa de Los Monteros Y Zayas
- Morphology Department, Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - D F Padilla Castillo
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Carretera de Trasmontaña s/n, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - M Isabel García-Laorden
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F J Chamizo-López
- Microbiology Department. Hospital,, Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F Real Valcárcel
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Carretera de Trasmontaña s/n, 35416, Arucas, Spain
| | - F Artilles Campelo
- Microbiology Department. Hospital,, Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Bordes Benítez
- Microbiology Department. Hospital,, Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P Nogueira Salgueiro
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hosital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - C Domínguez Cabrera
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hosital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J C Rivero-Vera
- Pathology Service. Hospital, Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J M González-Martín
- Statistics Service. Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - R Frías-Beneyto
- Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J L Martín-Barrasa
- Group of Fish Health and Infectious Diseases, Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Carretera de Trasmontaña s/n, 35416, Arucas, Spain. .,Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. .,Animal Facility, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena S/N, 35019, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Silva DR, Sardi JDCO, Pitangui NDS, Roque SM, Silva ACBD, Rosalen PL. Probiotics as an alternative antimicrobial therapy: Current reality and future directions. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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10
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El Hadad S, Zakareya A, Al-Hejin A, Aldahlawi A, Alharbi M. Sustaining exposure to high concentrations of bifidobacteria inhibits gene expression of Mouse's mucosal immunity. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02866. [PMID: 31890933 PMCID: PMC6926234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous dietary products are supplemented with probiotics that may be beneficial for human health. Recently, bifidobacteria have received increasing attention as a genus of probiotic bacteria with high efficiency and few side effects. To examine potential effects of different bifidobacteria concentrations on the mucosal immune response, we fed mice with (a) 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of bifidobacteria (group 108B), and (b) with 1012 CFU of bifidobacteria (group 1012B) over 42 days and assessed gene expression in intestinal mucosa and immune marker concentrations in serum samples; ten untreated female mice were used as a control. Continuous exposure to 108 CFU of bifidobacteria activated both macrophages and Treg immune cells through significantly increasing the expression of mucosal TLR2 and IL10-mRNA genes, but inhibited Th1 and Th2 cells via significant downregulation of IL4 and IFNγ gene expression, compared to untreated mice. Interestingly, group 1012B showed down-regulated expression of TLR2, IL10, and IL4 genes but up-regulated expression of IFNγ, compared to group 108B and to the control. Also, polyclonal immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA showed a significant increase in all treated mice compared to the control. We conclude that high concentrations of bifidobacteria reduced innate immune functions. Furthermore, adaptive immunity seemed to be enhanced by increasing stimulation of T and B lymphocytes, suggesting aberration of the immune system following intestinal inflammation due to constant exposure to high concentrations of bifidobacteria. Both experimental bifidobacteria concentrations increased the total levels of circulating Igs, particularly of IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar El Hadad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center of Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, VACSERA, Cairo, Egypt.,Immunolgy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayeshah Zakareya
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Hejin
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Microbiology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Immunolgy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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MORAES MCC, COSTA PJC, SEGUNDO ASG, PERUZZO DC. Avaliação do efeito de cepas probióticas em biofilme de S. aureus sobre discos de titânio com superfície tratada. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.09619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução As doenças peri-implantares apresentam como um dos principais fatores etiológicos o biofilme bacteriano, geralmente formado por uma microbiota semelhante à das doenças periodontais. Seu tratamento está centrado na descontaminação da superfície do implante e na remoção mecânica do biofilme, podendo ainda estar associado à administração de agentes antimicrobianos. Nesse sentido, tem sido cogitada a utilização de probióticos, que são microrganismos benéficos à saúde e que podem ter grande importância na cavidade oral, como coadjuvante no tratamento das peri-implantites. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito das cepas probióticas de Lactobacillus brevis e Bifidobacterium bifidum no crescimento do biofilme monoespécie de Staphylococcus aureus. Material e método Discos de titânio padronizados e com superfície tratada foram submersos em meio contendo caldo BHI e Staphylococcus aureus durante sete dias. Após esse período, o caldo foi retirado, os discos foram lavados e, então, introduzidos em um novo caldo BHI contendo as suspensões probióticas, sendo assim comparados a um grupo controle, sem probióticos. As amostras foram incubadas por 24h e então foram realizadas as diluições e a contagem das UFC (unidades formadoras de colônia) para Staphylococcus aureus. Resultado Após análise estatística dos dados, observou-se que a adição de ambos os probióticos resultaram em redução significativa (p<0,05) de UFC, quando comparados ao controle. Conclusão Conclui-se que os probióticos analisados (Lactobacillus brevis e Bifidobacterium bifidum) reduziram consideravelmente o crescimento do patógeno Staphylococcus aureus. Além disso, a cepa de Lactobacillus brevis apresentou efeito inibidor superior ao da cepa Bifidobacterium bifidum para ser utilizada como controle do biofilme bacteriano de Staphylococcus aureus.
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Falalyeyeva TM, Leschenko IV, Beregova TV, Lazarenko LM, Savchuk OM, Sichel LM, Tsyryuk OI, Vovk TB, Spivak MY. Probiotic strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria alter pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in rats with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:17-25. [PMID: 29975824 DOI: 10.15407/fz63.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB on the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in Wistar male rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. It was established that neonatal administration of MSG to rats leads to increasing levels of the interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12, and to decreasing ofthe IL-4, IL-10 and tumor growthfactor (TGF)-β levels in the bloodserum. After administration of the B. animalis VKL - B. animalis VKB - L. casei IMV B-7280 composition to obese rats the level of the IL-lP in blood serum wasn't differ from that in the obese rats, that didn't receive of the probiotic bacteria. But there was no statistically signifcant difference comparing with intact rats. The level of the IL-12B p4O in blood serum was decreased under influence of the B. animalis VKL - B. animalis VKB - L. casei IMV B-7280 composition (18.9%, p < 0.05) and B. animalis VKL (10.5%, p < 0.05) compared with obese rats, not receiving probiotic bacteria, but remained higher than in intact animals. After administration to obese rats ofthe B. animalis VKL - B. animalis VKB - L. casei IMV B-7280 composition the levels ofthe IL-4, IL- 10 and TGF-β increased in blood serum comparing with obese rats, not receiving probiotic bacteria. The level of the IL-10 also increased under influence of the B. animalis VKB, and IL-4 - under influence of the L. casei IMVB-7280. Our results suggest that these probiotic bacteria and probiotic composition are able to down-regulation the inflammation in rats with MSG-induced obesity but the strongest anti-inflammatory effects have probiotic composition. The ability of lactobacilli and bifdobacteria to alter the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production, opens perspectives to create new treatments for obesity and metabolic syndrome based on probiotics.
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Di Cerbo A, Palmieri B, Aponte M, Morales-Medina JC, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of lactobacilli. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:187-203. [PMID: 26578541 PMCID: PMC4789713 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is not a silent ecosystem but exerts several physiological and immunological functions. For many decades, lactobacilli have been used as an effective therapy for treatment of several pathological conditions displaying an overall positive safety profile. This review summarises the mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of lactobacilli. We searched Pubmed/Medline using the keyword ‘Lactobacillus’. Selected papers from 1950 to 2015 were chosen on the basis of their content. Relevant clinical and experimental articles using lactobacilli as therapeutic agents have been included. Applications of lactobacilli include kidney support for renal insufficiency, pancreas health, management of metabolic imbalance, and cancer treatment and prevention. In vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that prolonged lactobacilli administration induces qualitative and quantitative modifications in the human gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem with encouraging perspectives in counteracting pathology-associated physiological and immunological changes. Few studies have highlighted the risk of translocation with subsequent sepsis and bacteraemia following probiotic administration but there is still a lack of investigations on the dose effect of these compounds. Great care is thus required in the choice of the proper Lactobacillus species, their genetic stability and the translocation risk, mainly related to inflammatory disease-induced gut mucosa enhanced permeability. Finally, we need to determine the adequate amount of bacteria to be delivered in order to achieve the best clinical efficacy decreasing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Aponte
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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De Gregorio PR, Juárez Tomás MS, Nader-Macías MEF. Immunomodulation of Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 on Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization in a Murine Experimental Model. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:23-35. [PMID: 26547516 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is a risk factor for infectious disease in newborns. One promising strategy is the modulation of vaginal defense to increase the host's ability to combat infection. METHOD OF STUDY The effect of intravaginal (i.va.) Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 inoculation on different immune cell populations, cytokines, and immunoglobulin isotypes in a murine model of GBS vaginal colonization was evaluated. RESULTS Seven i.va. inoculations of L. reuteri CRL1324 previous to GBS challenge showed an immunomodulatory effect on the cells and mediators of innate immunity, decreasing the number of neutrophils induced by the pathogen and increasing the activated macrophage population. Moreover, increases in B lymphocytes and IgA and IgG subclasses were observed in mice inoculated with L. reuteri CRL1324 and then challenged with GBS. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 shows a protective effect against GBS colonization that could be mediated by the modulation of the immune response.
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De Gregorio PR, Juárez Tomás MS, Leccese Terraf MC, Nader-Macías MEF. Preventive effect of Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 on Group B Streptococcus vaginal colonization in an experimental mouse model. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1034-47. [PMID: 25786121 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the preventive effect of different intravaginal (i.va.) doses of Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 against vaginal colonization by Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in a murine experimental model. METHODS AND RESULTS The major virulence factors of four vaginal GBS clinical isolates were determined to select the most virulent strain and set up a murine model of streptococcal vaginal colonization. Later, the effect of four and seven doses of 10(8) viable cells of Lact. reuteri CRL1324 i.va. administered, prior to the GBS challenge was studied. Seven doses of lactobacilli were able to significantly reduce the number of viable GBS cells, while four doses showed no preventive effect. Both doses reduced the leucocyte influx induced by GBS. Seven doses caused a slight increase in the Lact. reuteri CRL1324 vaginal colonization compared with four doses and reduced murine vaginal pH compared to control mice. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 evidenced a preventive effect on GBS vaginal colonization in an experimental mouse model. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACTS OF THE STUDY Maternal GBS colonization is one of the most important risk factors for developing disease in newborns. Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1324 could be considered as a new biological agent to reduce infections caused by this micro-organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R De Gregorio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Sikorska H, Smoragiewicz W. Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:475-81. [PMID: 24071026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant micro-organism and is the principal nosocomial pathogen worldwide. Following initial in vitro experiments demonstrating that Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285(®) and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R(®) commercial strains exhibit antibacterial activity against clinical MRSA isolates, we conducted a literature search to find any evidence of probiotic efficacy in decolonisation or treatment of S. aureus infection. As summarised below, many strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria isolated from a variety of sources inhibited the growth of S. aureus and clinical isolates of MRSA in vitro. The most active strains were Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Propionibacterium acnes, Lactobacillus paracasei, L. acidophilus, L. casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactococcus lactis. Their effects were mediated both by direct cell competitive exclusion as well as production of acids or bacteriocin-like inhibitors. L. acidophilus also inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation and lipase production. In vitro antimicrobial activity did not necessarily assure efficacy in vivo in animal infectious models, e.g. S. aureus 8325-4 was most sensitive in vitro to L. acidophilus, whilst in vivo Bifidobacterium bifidum best inhibited experimental intravaginal staphylococcosis in mice. On the other hand, L. plantarum, which showed the highest inhibition activity against S. aureus in vitro, was also very effective topically in preventing skin wound infection with S. aureus in mice. Very few clinical data were found on the interactions between probiotics and MRSA, but the few identified clinical cases pointed to the feasibility of elimination or reduction of MRSA colonisation with probiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sikorska
- Bio-Assistance, 705-801 rue de la Commune Est, Montreal, QC, Canada H2L 0A3.
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