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Ananda N, Suniarti DF, Bachtiar EW. The antimicrobial effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri as probiotic on oral bacteria: A scoping review. F1000Res 2024; 12:1495. [PMID: 38434653 PMCID: PMC10905032 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139697.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis among oral microbial community in the oral cavity can lead to several oral diseases. Probiotic therapy is known to correct these imbalances. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is one of the most studied strains of probiotics and can control oral microbiota through reuterin, a wide-spectrum antimicrobial agent. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of the antimicrobial activity of Limosilactobacillus reuteri on the oral bacteria of humans. This review used PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases as bibliographic resources. Studies with matching keywords were analyzed and screened with PRISMA-ScR recommendations. Sixteen articles were selected for this review, which included a total of 832 patients. Based on this review, Limosilactobacillus reuteri has a strong antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans in healthy individuals but is not effective against Lactobacillus. Additionally, it has a significant antibacterial effect against Porphiromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis, although its effectiveness is not stable in patients with peri-implant infections. Furthermore, Limosilactobacillus reuterihas varying results against other bacteria, indicating the need for further extensive research to ensure its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissia Ananda
- Dental Department, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Fatma Suniarti
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Martínez-Lamas L, García-Mato E, Rincón-Quintero A, Rivas-Mundiña B, Diz-Dios P, Álvarez-Fernández M. Mechanism of Action of Streptococcus downii, a New Bacterial Species with Probiotic Potential. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1472. [PMID: 37760768 PMCID: PMC10525679 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus downii is a recently reported bacterial species of oral origin, with inhibitory capacity against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which confers upon it the potential of being an oral probiotic. The aim of the present study was to identify the potential mechanisms by which S. downii exerts its inhibitory effect on S. mutans. To this end, the study assessed the consumption of glucose and proteins available in the culture medium, the modification of the pH, the production of short-chain fatty acids, the changes in the protein panel of the inhibition halo, the production of hydrogen peroxide and the effect of proteinase K. There were no differences in the glucose values or in the protein content of the medium, but there was a reduction in pH (with no effect on the growth of S. mutans). Significant increases were detected in the levels of lactic and formic acid (with no effect on the growth of S. mutans), as well as changes in the peptide panel (with no effect on the growth of S. mutans). The inhibitory effect was maintained in the presence of peroxidase but disappeared after adding proteinase K. Based on these results, it is suggested that the main mechanism of inhibition of S. downii against S. mutans is the production of bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martínez-Lamas
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), 36212 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (A.R.-Q.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - Eliane García-Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Anniris Rincón-Quintero
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), 36212 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (A.R.-Q.); (M.Á.-F.)
| | - Berta Rivas-Mundiña
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Pedro Diz-Dios
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Maximiliano Álvarez-Fernández
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Microbiology and Infectology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), 36212 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.-L.); (A.R.-Q.); (M.Á.-F.)
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Lee Y, Yoon Y, Choi KH. Probiotics-Mediated Bioconversion and Periodontitis. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:905-922. [PMID: 34796320 PMCID: PMC8564330 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel bioactive metabolites have been developed through a bioconversion of dairy products or other foods using probiotics isolated from dairy products or other fermented foods. These probiotics-mediated bioconversion (PMB) metabolites show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, epithelial barrier, and anticancer activities. In addition, the effect of PMB metabolites in periodontitis is recently reported in several studies. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infections, and the tooth support tissue is destroyed. Common treatments for periodontitis include scaling and root planning with systemic antibiotics. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and disturbs the beneficial bacteria, including lactobacilli in the oral cavity. For this reason, PMB metabolites, such as fermented milk, have been suggested as substitutes for antibiotics to reduce periodontitis. This paper reviews the recent studies on the correlation between periodontitis and PMB metabolites and classifies the efficacy of major PMB metabolites for periodontitis. The review suggests that PMB is effective for periodontitis, and further studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of PMB metabolites on periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.,Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
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Nguyen T, Brody H, Radaic A, Kapila Y. Probiotics for periodontal health-Current molecular findings. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:254-267. [PMID: 34463979 PMCID: PMC8448672 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome is associated with a variety of oral and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease. Oral dysbiosis in periodontal disease leads to an exacerbated host immune response that induces progressive periodontal tissue destruction and ultimately tooth loss. To counter the disease‐associated dysbiosis of the oral cavity, strategies have been proposed to reestablish a “healthy” microbiome via the use of probiotics. This study reviews the literature on the use of probiotics for modifying the oral microbial composition toward a beneficial state that might alleviate disease progression. Four in vitro and 10 preclinical studies were included in the analysis, and these studies explored the effects of probiotics on cultured biofilm growth and bacterial gene expressions, as well as modulation of the host response to inflammation. The current molecular findings on probiotics provide fundamental evidence for further clinical research for the use of probiotics in periodontal therapy. They also point out an important caveat: Changing the biofilm composition might alter the normal oral flora that is beneficial and/or critical for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hanna Brody
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Routier A, Blaizot A, Agossa K, Dubar M. What do we know about the mechanisms of action of probiotics on factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis? A scoping review of in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105196. [PMID: 34153538 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics are increasingly used in oral prevention and treatment conditions, but little is known about their abilities. The aim of this review is to clarify, summarize and disseminate current knowledge about the mode of action of in vitro probiotics on factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. METHOD 2495 articles were identified in three databases (Medline, Web of Science, SpringerLink) and 26 studies included in this scoping review. RESULTS Twenty-three probiotic species were identified, the majority of which were Lactobacilli or Bifidobacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (30.8 %) and Lactobacillus reuteri (42.3 %) were found to be the two predominantly studied probiotic species and three main mechanisms of action of probiotics could be classified as: (i) modulation of the immuno-inflammatory response, (ii) direct actions of probiotics on periodontopathogens by adhesion or nutritive competitions and/or the secretion of antimicrobial molecules and (iii) indirect actions through environmental modifications. A combination of several probiotic strains seems to be beneficial via synergistic action amplifying the functions of each strain used. However, heterogeneity of the methodologies and probiotic species included in studies leads us to consider the following avenues for future research: (i) implementation of standardized periodontal models as close as possible to in vivo periodontal conditions to identify the functions of each strain for appropriate medication, (ii) updating data about interactions within oral biofilms to identify new candidates and to predict then analyze their behavior within these biofilms. CONCLUSION Probiotics may have their place in the response to inter-individual variability in periodontitis, provided that the choice of the probiotic strain or combination of them will be personalized and optimal for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Routier
- School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Alessandra Blaizot
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Kevimy Agossa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Inserm, Lille University Hospital, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Inserm, Lille University Hospital, UMR-S 1172, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Hu D, Zhong T, Dai Q. CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS AS AN ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAILS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 21:101547. [PMID: 34391565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning treatment (SRP) in the management of periodontitis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of science, SCOPUS and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify eligible studies. Stata 12.0 software was used to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidential interval (CI). The primary outcomes were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). RESULTS Twenty-four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed CAL gain (WMD: 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.31), PPD reduction (WMD: -0.31, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.10) and BOP reduction (WMD: -2.98, 95% CI -4.70 to -1.26) in the SRP+ probiotics group were significantly improved compared to control group at 3 months follow-up, but no significant difference was observed at 6 months. In addition, the probiotics administration could improve Plaque index (WMD: -0.30, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.05) and Gingival index (WMD: -0.46, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.21) at short term. CONCLUSIONS The results support the clinical efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to SRP in the management of periodontitis at least 3 months follow-up. Within the limits of the evidence, the long-term efficacy needs to further confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Hu
- Department of General Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qun Dai
- Department of General Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Probiotic Effects on Multispecies Biofilm Composition, Architecture, and Caries Activity In Vitro. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091272. [PMID: 32825575 PMCID: PMC7565971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While probiotics have been tested for their anti-caries effect in vitro and also clinically, there is a lack of understanding of their effects on complex dental biofilms. We assessed two probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus oligofermentans, on a continuous-cultured model containing Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. Cariogenic biofilms were grown on bovine enamel specimens and daily challenged with L. reuteri or S. oligofermentans whole culture (LC/SC) or cell-free supernatant (LS/SS) or medium only (negative control, NC) (n = 21/group) for 10 days. Biofilm was assessed via counting colony-forming units, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Caries activity was determined by pH measurements and by assessing mineral loss (ΔZ) using transverse microradiography. Both LC and SC significantly reduced total and strain-specific cariogenic bacterial numbers (p < 0.05). ΔZ was reduced in LC (mean ± SD: 1846.67 ± 317.89) and SC (3315.87 ± 617.30) compared to NC (4681.48 ± 495.18, p < 0.05). No significant reductions in bacterial numbers and ΔZ was induced by supernatants. Biofilm architecture was not considerably affected by probiotic applications. Viable probiotics L. reuteri and S. oligofermentans, but not their culture supernatants, could reduce the caries activity of multi-species biofilms in vitro.
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Application of Antibiotics/Antimicrobial Agents on Dental Caries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5658212. [PMID: 32076608 PMCID: PMC7013294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5658212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common oral disease. The bacteriological aetiology of dental caries promotes the use of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents to prevent this type of oral infectious disease. Antibiotics have been developed for more than 80 years since Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, and systemic antibiotics have been used to treat dental caries for a long time. However, new types of antimicrobial agents have been developed to fight against dental caries. The purpose of this review is to focus on the application of systemic antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents with respect to their clinical use to date, including the history of their development, and their side effects, uses, structure types, and molecular mechanisms to promote a better understanding of the importance of microbial interactions in dental plaque and combinational treatments.
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Chua JCL, Hale JDF, Silcock P, Bremer PJ. Bacterial survival and adhesion for formulating new oral probiotic foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2926-2937. [PMID: 31556313 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1669528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. Traditionally, probiotic food research has heavily focused on the genera Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, along with their benefits for gut health. Recently with the identification of new probiotic strains specifically intended for oral health applications, the development of probiotic foods for oral health benefits has garnered interest, with a renewed focus on identifying new food formats for delivering probiotics. The development of novel oral probiotic foods is highly complex, as the composition of a food matrix dictates: (1) bacterial viability during production and shelf life and (2) how bacteria partition with components within a food matrix and subsequently adhere to oral cavity surfaces. At present, virtually no information is available on oral probiotic strains such as Streptococcus salivarius; specifically, how orally-derived strains survive under different food parameters. Furthermore, limited information exists on the partition behavior of probiotics with food components, governed by physico-chemical interactions and adhesion phenomena. This review aspires to examine this framework by providing a foundation with existing literature related to the common probiotic genera, in order to inform and drive future attempts of designing new oral probiotic food formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C L Chua
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Pat Silcock
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Phil J Bremer
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Kumar Tiwari S, Guo X, Huang Y, Zhou X, Xu HHK, Ren B, Peng X, Weir MD, Li M, Cheng L. The inhibitory effect of quaternary ammonium salt on bacteria in root canal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12463. [PMID: 31462657 PMCID: PMC6713705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persisting apical periodontitis is a primary reason for multiple intervention in root canal. Persisting bacteria in root canal is related with the persisting infection. Despite the advancement in treatment strategies the persisting infection is a major challenge for endodontist. Here we tested two newly developed quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) against endodontic bacteria and their biofilms. Their antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency were compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). We measured the MIC, MBC and MBIC of DMADDM and DMAHDM respectively. We also detected the ratio of live/dead bacteria and bacterial composition in the biofilms treated by DMADDM and DMAHDM. We found that DMADDM and DMAHDM could inhibit the growth of bacteria and biofilms formation. The result showed that novel QAMs were remarkably efficient than CHX against biofilms. In addition, we found that Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were frequent isolates after treatment with antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Tiwari
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yannan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yoo Y, Seo DH, Lee H, Cho ES, Song NE, Nam TG, Nam YD, Seo MJ. Inhibitory effect of Bacillus velezensis on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. J Biotechnol 2019; 298:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Heersema LA, Smyth HDC. A Multispecies Biofilm In Vitro Screening Model of Dental Caries for High-Throughput Susceptibility Testing. High Throughput 2019; 8:E14. [PMID: 31151195 PMCID: PMC6631723 DOI: 10.3390/ht8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current need to develop and optimize new therapeutics for the treatment of dental caries, but these efforts are limited by the relatively low throughput of relevant in vitro models. The aim of this work was to bridge the 96-well microtiter plate system with a relevant multispecies dental caries model that could be reproducibly grown to allow for the high-throughput screening of anti-biofilm therapies. Various media and inoculum concentrations were assessed using metabolic activity, biomass, viability, and acidity assays to determine the optimal laboratory-controlled conditions for a multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The selected model encompasses several of the known fundamental characteristics of dental caries-associated biofilms. The 1:1 RPMI:TSBYE 0.6% media supported the viability and biomass production of mono- and multispecies biofilms best. Kinetic studies over 48 h in 1:1 RPMI:TSBYE 0.6% demonstrated a stable biofilm phase between 10 and 48 h for all mono- and multispecies biofilms. The 1:1:0.1 S. gordonii: S. mutans: C. albicans multispecies biofilm in 1:1 RPMI:TSBYE 0.6% is an excellent choice for a high-throughput multispecies model of dental caries. This high-throughput multispecies model can be used for screening novel therapies and for better understanding the treatment effects on biofilm interactions and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Heersema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 787812, USA.
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- The LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Urrutia-Baca VH, Escamilla-García E, de la Garza-Ramos MA, Tamez-Guerra P, Gomez-Flores R, Urbina-Ríos CS. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Downregulation of Virulence Gene Expression on Helicobacter pylori by Reuterin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:168-175. [PMID: 29103130 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an infectious agent commonly associated with gastrointestinal diseases. The use of probiotics to treat this infection has been documented, however, their potential antimicrobial metabolites have not yet been investigated. In the present study, the effect of reuterin produced by Lactobacillus reuteri on H. pylori growth and virulence gene expression was evaluated. It was observed that reuterin caused significant (P < 0.05) H. pylori growth inhibition at concentrations from 0.08 to 20.48 mM, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20.48 mM for H. pylori ATCC700824 and 10.24 mM for H. pylori ATCC43504. In a reuterin bacterial killing assay, it was observed that half of the MIC value for H. pylori (ATCC700824) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced colony numbers from 5.65 ± 0.35 to 3.78 ± 0.35 Log10 CFU/mL after 12 h of treatment and then increased them to 5.25 ± 0.23 Log10 CFU/mL at 24 h; at its MIC value (20.48 mM), reuterin abrogated (P < 0.01) H. pylori (ATCC700824) growth after 20 h of culture. In addition, reuterin significantly (P < 0.01) reduced H. pylori (ATCC 43504) colony numbers from 5.65 ± 0.35 to 4.1 ± 0.12 Log10 CFU/mL from 12 to 24 h of treatment and abrogated its growth at its MIC value (10.24 mM), after 20 h of treatment. Reuterin did not alter normal human gastric Hs738.St/Int cell viability at the concentrations tested for H. pylori strains. Furthermore, 10 μM reuterin was shown to significantly (P < 0.01) reduce mRNA relative expression levels of H. pylori virulence genes vacA and flaA at 3 h post-treatment, whose effect was higher at 6 h post-treatment, as measured by RT-qPCR. The observed direct antimicrobial effect and the downregulation of expression of virulence genes on H. pylori by reuterin may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of probiotics against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
| | - Erandi Escamilla-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro., CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Myriam Angélica de la Garza-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro., CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México.
| | - Cynthia Sofía Urbina-Ríos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México
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14
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Becirovic A, Abdi-Dezfuli JF, Hansen MF, Lie SA, Vasstrand EN, Bolstad AI. The effects of a probiotic milk drink on bacterial composition in the supra- and subgingival biofilm: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:865-874. [PMID: 30041533 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can convert a dysbiotic bacterial environment into a healthy one. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a probiotic milk drink on the composition of bacterial species in dental supra- and subgingival biofilms. Sixteen dental students were enrolled into this study with a crossover, within subject, design. The participants were asked to allow plaque accumulation by refraining from cleaning their molars during two separate periods, each lasting three weeks. Each period consisted of an initial professional dental cleaning procedure done at the university clinic, then a 3 week plaque accumulation period, followed by a return to the clinic for supra- and subgingival plaque sampling. The first period served as a control, and during the second plaque accumulation period the participants drank 200 ml probiotic milk beverage each day. The accumulated plaque removed at the end of the accumulation period was later tested against a panel of 20 oral bacterial species using the checkerboard method. Three weeks consumption of a probiotic beverage led to a significant reduction in 15 of 20 bacterial species present in supragingival plaque and a reduction in 4 of 20 bacterial species in subgingival plaque (all P<0.05). This study showed a favorable effect of probiotics on periodontopathic bacteria in dental biofilms. The potential influence of this kind of probiotic in prevention or treatment of periodontal inflammation deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Becirovic
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - J F Abdi-Dezfuli
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - M F Hansen
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Lie
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - E N Vasstrand
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - A I Bolstad
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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15
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Wasfi R, Abd El‐Rahman OA, Zafer MM, Ashour HM. Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. inhibit growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of caries-inducing Streptococcus mutans. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1972-1983. [PMID: 29316223 PMCID: PMC5824418 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans contributes significantly to dental caries, which arises from homoeostasic imbalance between host and microbiota. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus sp. inhibits growth, biofilm formation and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) were evaluated. We investigated whether Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 14917) or Lactobacillus salivarius (ATCC 11741) inhibit expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing or stress survival using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Growth changes (OD600) in the presence of pH-neutralized, catalase-treated or trypsin-treated Lactobacillus sp. supernatants were assessed to identify roles of organic acids, peroxides and bacteriocin. Susceptibility testing indicated antibacterial (pH-dependent) and antibiofilm activities of Lactobacillus sp. against Streptococcus mutans. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduction in microcolony formation and exopolysaccharide structural changes. Of the oral normal flora, L. salivarius exhibited the highest antibiofilm and peroxide-dependent antimicrobial activities. All biofilm-forming cells treated with Lactobacillus sp. supernatants showed reduced expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production, acid tolerance and quorum sensing. Thus, Lactobacillus sp. can inhibit tooth decay by limiting growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyOctober University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)GizaEgypt
| | - Ola A. Abd El‐Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar University (Girls)CairoEgypt
| | - Mai M. Zafer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyAhram Canadian University (ACU)GizaEgypt
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of South Florida St. PetersburgSt. PetersburgFLUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
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16
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Schlagenhauf U, Jakob L, Eigenthaler M, Segerer S, Jockel-Schneider Y, Rehn M. Regular consumption of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges reduces pregnancy gingivitis: an RCT. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:948-954. [PMID: 27461133 PMCID: PMC6299356 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim This randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of Lactobacillus reuteri on pregnancy gingivitis in healthy women. Materials and Methods Forty‐five healthy women (24 test/21 placebo) with pregnancy gingivitis in the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled. At baseline Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PlI) were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth and venous blood taken for TNF‐α analysis. Subsequently participants were randomly provided with lozenges to be consumed 2 × daily until birth (approx. 7 weeks) containing ≥108CFU L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and ≥108CFU L. reuteri DSM 17938 (test) or being devoid of L. reuteri (placebo). Within 2 days after birth recording of GI, PlI and blood sampling were repeated. Results At baseline, mean GI and mean PlI did not differ significantly between both groups. In the test group mean TNF‐α serum level was significantly (p < 0.02) lower than in the placebo group. At reevaluation, mean GI and mean PlI of the test group were both significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than in the placebo group. Mean TNF‐α serum level did no longer differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions The consumption of L. reuteri lozenges may be a useful adjunct in the control of pregnancy gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schlagenhauf
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Jakob
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eigenthaler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Segerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Monika Rehn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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17
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Ben Taheur F, Kouidhi B, Fdhila K, Elabed H, Ben Slama R, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A, Chaieb K. Anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of probiotic bacteria against oral pathogens. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:213-20. [PMID: 27317856 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from barley, traditional dried meat and fermented olive were characterized and tested for their anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities against oral bacteria. Our results revealed that the tested LAB were γ-hemolytic and were susceptible to four antibiotics. All the strains were resistant to low pH, bile salt, pepsin and pancreatin. Furthermore, FB2 displayed a high aut-oaggregative phenotype (99.54%) while FF2 exhibited the best co-aggregation rate. Concerning the microbial adhesion to solvent, FB2 was the most hydrophobic strain (data obtained with chloroform and n-hexadecane). In addition Pediococcus pentosaceus FB2 and Lactobacillus brevis FF2 displayed a significant inhibitory effect against Streptococcus salivarius B468 (MIC = 10%). Moreover the selected strains were able to inhibit biofilm formation of Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (MBIC50 = 28.16%) and S. salivarius B468 (MBIC50 = 42.28%). The selected LAB could be considered as candidate probiotics for further application in functional food and mainly in the prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Ben Taheur
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Bochra Kouidhi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Department, Yanbu el Bahr, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kais Fdhila
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Elabed
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ben Slama
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Kacem Mahdouani
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Polluants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- College of Sciences, Yanbu el Bahr, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Martin-Cabezas R, Davideau JL, Tenenbaum H, Huck O. Clinical efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to non-surgical periodontal treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:520-30. [PMID: 26970230 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
FOCUSED QUESTION What is the clinical influence of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy of scaling and root planing (SRP) when compared with SRP alone or in combination with placebo in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Electronic databases were searched up to July 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SRP + probiotic versusSRP were included. PPD reduction and CAL gain were selected as primary outcome variables. RESULTS Independent screening resulted in four eligible publications for the systematic review and three were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant CAL gain (-0.42 mm, p = 0.002) and bleeding on probing (BOP) reduction (-14.66, p = 0.003) for SRP + probiotic treatment versusSRP at short-term. Only a tendency (p = 0.06) has been observed in terms of overall PPD reduction, whereas results were significant when stratified for moderate (-0.18, p = 0.001) and deep pockets (-0.67, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the findings of this meta-analysis seem to support the adjunctive use of L. reuteri to SRP in CP treatment at short-term, especially in deep pockets. Heterogeneity and limited available data may reduce the impact of these conclusions. Future long-term RCTs evaluating the clinical efficacy of adjunctive probiotics to SRP are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martin-Cabezas
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davideau
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM 1109 "Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine", Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri Tenenbaum
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM 1109 "Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine", Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM 1109 "Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine", Strasbourg, France
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Nadkerny PV, Ravishankar PL, Pramod V, Agarwal LA, Bhandari S. A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on clinical inflammatory parameters of gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:633-9. [PMID: 26941513 PMCID: PMC4753707 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.168491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our clinical trial was to assess and compare the antiplaque and anti-inflammatory potential of a probiotic mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized parallel group study was designed for a period of 4 weeks on 45 systemically healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years having chronic gingivitis. The study population was divided into three groups. Group A - 15 subjects were advised experimental (probiotic) mouthwash. Group B - 15 subjects were advised positive control (chlorhexidine) mouthwash and Group C - 15 subjects into a negative control group (normal saline). Oral prophylaxis was done for all groups at baseline. After the proper oral hygiene instructions, all the three groups were instructed to rinse their mouth with 10 ml of their respective mouthrinse, undiluted for 1 min twice daily, 30 min after brushing. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. RESULTS At day 28, the PI, GI, and OHI-S were significantly reduced by all treatment modalities ranking probiotic and chlorhexidine is greater than saline. CONCLUSION The probiotic mouthrinses tested was effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control in the prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Thus, the probiotic mouthrinse has a great therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Vidyesh Nadkerny
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Potluri Leela Ravishankar
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Virupapuram Pramod
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lavanya Abhay Agarwal
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Saurabh Bhandari
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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