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Xie Z, McAuliffe O, Jin YS, Miller MJ. Genomic Modifications of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Applications in Dairy Fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00981-0. [PMID: 38969005 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have a long history of safe use in milk fermentation and are generally recognized as health-promoting microorganisms when present in fermented foods. LAB are also important components of the human intestinal microbiota and are widely used as probiotics. Considering their safe and health-beneficial properties, LAB are considered appropriate vehicles that can be genetically modified for food, industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Here, this review describes (1) the potential opportunities for application of genetically modified LAB strains in dairy fermentation and (2) the various genomic modification tools for LAB strains, such as random mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution, conjugation, homologous recombination, recombineering, and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)- Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) based genome engineering. Lastly, this review also discusses the potential future developments of these genomic modification technologies and their applications in dairy fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Xie
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Yong-Su Jin
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Miller
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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2
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Jian P, Liu J, Li L, Song Q, Zhang D, Zhang S, Chai C, Zhao H, Zhao G, Zhu H, Qiao J. AcrR1, a novel TetR/AcrR family repressor, mediates acid and antibiotic resistance and nisin biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis F44. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00806-3. [PMID: 38762103 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis, widely used in the manufacture of dairy products, encounters various environmental stresses both in natural habitats and during industrial processes. It has evolved intricate machinery of stress sensing and defense to survive harsh stress conditions. Here, we identified a novel TetR/AcrR family transcription regulator, designated AcrR1, to be a repressor for acid and antibiotic tolerance that was derepressed in the presence of vancomycin or under acid stress. The survival rates of acrR1 deletion strain ΔAcrR1 under acid and vancomycin stresses were about 28.7-fold (pH 3.0, HCl), 8.57-fold (pH 4.0, lactic acid) and 2.73-fold (300 ng/mL vancomycin) as that of original strain F44. We also demonstrated that ΔAcrR1 was better able to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis and had a lower affinity to vancomycin. No evident effects of AcrR1 deletion on the growth and morphology of strain F44 were observed. Subsequently, we characterized that the transcription level of genes associated with amino acids biosynthesis, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, multiple drug resistance and DNA repair proteins significantly upregulated in ΔAcrR1 using transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Additionally, AcrR1 could repress the transcription of nisin post-translational modification gene, nisC, leading to a 16.3% increase in nisin yield after AcrR1 deletion. Our results not only refined the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of TetR/AcrR family regulator in L. lactis, but presented a potential strategy to enhance industrial production of nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingqiu Jian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaheng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaofan Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongji Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Yang C, Su Z, Li Z, Yao R, Liu W, Yin H. Harvest of nisin from fermentation broth using foam separation with the assistance of ultrasonic treatment: foam property evaluation and antimicrobial activity retention. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Suryaletha K, Savithri AV, Nayar SA, Asokan S, Rajeswary D, Thomas S. Demystifying Bacteriocins of Human Microbiota by Genome Guided Prospects: An Impetus to Rekindle the Antimicrobial Research. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:811-822. [PMID: 36278460 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666221019111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a reservoir of potential bacteriocins that can counteract multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Unlike antibiotics, bacteriocins selectively inhibit a spectrum of competent bacteria and are said to safeguard gut commensals, reducing the chance of dysbiosis. Bacteriocinogenic probiotics or bacteriocins of human origin will be more pertinent in human physiological conditions for therapeutic applications to act against invading pathogens. Recent advancement in the omics approach enables the mining of diverse and novel bacteriocins by identifying biosynthetic gene clusters from the human microbial genome, pangenome or shotgun metagenome, which is a breakthrough in the discovery line of novel bacteriocins. This review summarizes the most recent trends and therapeutic potential of bacteriocins of human microbial origin, the advancement in the in silico algorithms and databases in the discovery of novel bacteriocin, and how to bridge the gap between the discovery of bacteriocin genes from big datasets and their in vitro production. Besides, the later part of the review discussed the various impediments in their clinical applications and possible solution to bring them into the frontline therapeutics to control infections, thereby meeting the challenges of global antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Suryaletha
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Akhila Velappan Savithri
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Seema A Nayar
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sijo Asokan
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Divya Rajeswary
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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5
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Qiao W, Qiao Y, Gao G, Liao Z, Wu Z, Saris PEJ, Xu H, Qiao M. A novel co-cultivation strategy to generate low-crystallinity bacterial cellulose and increase nisin yields. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:388-396. [PMID: 35031318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a co-culturing Enterobacter sp. and Lactococcus lactis strategy was developed to alter bacterial cellulose (BC) properties and increase nisin yields. We generated high nisin yields (6260 IU/mL) by altering inoculum ratios and inoculation times in a novel co-culture system. Critically, these were 85% higher than L. lactis monocultures. By monitoring fermentation broth pH and lactic acid yields, the pH was higher and lactic acid yields lower during co-culture conditions when compared with L. lactis monocultures, suggesting that co-culturing was more suitable for L. lactis nisin production. We also determined BC film yields and properties (BC, BC-N, and BC-N after nisin release). BC yields produced by co-culturing were not very different from Enterobacter sp. monocultures, but crystallinity was significantly altered. Collectively, our co-culture system adequately and economically modified BC fibers by interfering with self-assembly and crystallization processes during BC synthesis, with significantly improved nisin yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zitong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00940, Finland
| | - Haijin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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6
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Wu Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Ding Z, Shi G. Microbial production of small peptide: pathway engineering and synthetic biology. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2257-2278. [PMID: 33459516 PMCID: PMC8601181 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small peptides are a group of natural products with low molecular weights and complex structures. The diverse structures of small peptides endow them with broad bioactivities and suggest their potential therapeutic use in the medical field. The remaining challenge is methods to address the main limitations, namely (i) the low amount of available small peptides from natural sources, and (ii) complex processes required for traditional chemical synthesis. Therefore, harnessing microbial cells as workhorse appears to be a promising approach to synthesize these bioactive peptides. As an emerging engineering technology, synthetic biology aims to create standard, well-characterized and controllable synthetic systems for the biosynthesis of natural products. In this review, we describe the recent developments in the microbial production of small peptides. More importantly, synthetic biology approaches are considered for the production of small peptides, with an emphasis on chassis cells, the evolution of biosynthetic pathways, strain improvements and fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial BiotechnologyMinistry of EducationSchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing TechnologyJiangnan University1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiJiangsu Province214122China
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7
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Improvement of nisin production by using the integration strategy of co-cultivation fermentation, foam fractionation and pervaporation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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O'Sullivan JN, O'Connor PM, Rea MC, Field D, Hill C, Ross RP. Nisin variants from Streptococcus and Staphylococcus successfully express in NZ9800. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2223-2234. [PMID: 33876507 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increases in antimicrobial resistance have meant that the antimicrobial potential of lantibiotics is now being investigated irrespective of the nature of the producing organism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether natural nisin variants produced by non-Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) strains, such as nisin H, nisin J and nisin P, could be expressed in a well-characterized GRAS host. METHODS AND RESULTS This study involved cloning the nisin A promoter and leader sequence fused to nisin H, nisin J or nisin P structural gene sequences originally produced by Streptococcus hyointestinalis DPC 6484, Staphylococcus capitis APC 2923 and Streptococcus agalactiae DPC 7040, respectively. This resulted in their expression in Lactococcus lactis NZ9800, a genetically modified strain that does not produce nisin A. CONCLUSIONS Induction of the nisin controlled gene expression system demonstrates that these three nisin variants could be acted on by nisin A machinery provided by the host strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Describes the first successful heterologous production of three natural nisin variants by a GRAS strain, and demonstrates how such systems could be harnessed not only for lantibiotic production but also in the expansion of their structural diversity and development for use as future biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Huang F, Teng K, Liu Y, Cao Y, Wang T, Ma C, Zhang J, Zhong J. Bacteriocins: Potential for Human Health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5518825. [PMID: 33936381 PMCID: PMC8055394 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5518825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the challenges of antibiotic resistance to global health, bacteriocins as antimicrobial compounds have received more and more attention. Bacteriocins are biosynthesized by various microbes and are predominantly used as food preservatives to control foodborne pathogens. Now, increasing researches have focused on bacteriocins as potential clinical antimicrobials or immune-modulating agents to fight against the global threat to human health. Given the broad- or narrow-spectrum antimicrobial activity, bacteriocins have been reported to inhibit a wide range of clinically pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria, thus preventing the infections caused by these bacteria in the human body. Otherwise, some bacteriocins also show anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory activities. Because of the safety and being not easy to cause drug resistance, some bacteriocins appear to have better efficacy and application prospects than existing therapeutic agents do. In this review, we highlight the potential therapeutic activities of bacteriocins and suggest opportunities for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Kunling Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yayong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
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10
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NisI Maturation and Its Influence on Nisin Resistance in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01306-20. [PMID: 32709730 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01306-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
NisI confers immunity against nisin, with high substrate specificity to prevent a suicidal effect in nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains. However, the NisI maturation process as well as its influence on nisin resistance has not been characterized. Here, we report the roles of lipoprotein signal peptidase II (Lsp) and prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) in NisI maturation and nisin resistance of L. lactis F44. We found that the resistance of nisin of an Lsp-deficient mutant remarkably decreased, while no significant differences in growth were observed. We demonstrated that Lsp could cleave signal peptide of NisI precursor in vitro Moreover, diacylglyceryl modification of NisI catalyzed by Lgt played a decisive role in attachment of NisI on the cell envelope, while it exhibited no effects on cleavage of the signal peptides of NisI precursor. The dissociation constant (KD ) for the interaction between nisin and NisI exhibited a 2.8-fold increase compared with that between nisin and pre-NisI with signal peptide by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, providing evidence that Lsp-catalyzed signal peptide cleavage was critical for the immune activity of NisI. Our study revealed the process of NisI maturation in L. lactis and presented a potential strategy to enhance industrial nisin production.IMPORTANCE Nisin, a safe and natural antimicrobial peptide, has a long and impressive history as a food preservative and is also considered a novel candidate to alleviate the increasingly serious threat of antibiotic resistance. Nisin is produced by certain L. lactis strains. The nisin immunity protein NisI, a membrane-bound lipoprotein, is expressed by nisin producers to avoid suicidal action. Here, we report the roles of Lsp and Lgt in NisI maturation and nisin resistance of L. lactis F44. The results verified the importance of Lsp to NisI-conferred immunity and Lgt to localization. Our study revealed the process of NisI maturation in L. lactis and presented a potential strategy to enhance industrial nisin production.
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11
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Hong L, Cho CS, Kim WS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Phthalyl starch nanoparticles as prebiotics enhanced nisin production in Lactococcus lactis through the induction of mild stress in probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:439-449. [PMID: 32500649 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Effect of internalized phthalyl starch nanoparticles (PSNs) on the antimicrobial ability of Lactococcus lactis (LL) KCTC 2013. METHODS AND RESULTS Phthalyl starch nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly of phthalyl starch and the amount of the hydrophobic phthalic moieties were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance: PSN1 (DS: 14·3 mol.%), PSN2 (DS: 17·8 mol.%) and PSN3 (DS: 30·4 mol.%). The sizes of PSN1, PSN2 and PSN3 measured by dynamic light scattering were 364·7, 248·4 and 213·4 nm, respectively, and the surface charges of PSNs measured by electrophoretic light scattering were negative charges and PSNs were spherical in shape according to scanning electron microscope. It was found that when PSNs were treated with LL, the PSNs were internalized into LL through nanoparticle size-, energy- and glucose transporter-dependent mechanisms. The internalization was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Nisin was isolated and identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Also, more nisin was produced from PSNs-treated LL than untreated- or starch-treated LL. Co-culture assay and agar diffusion test were performed to test the antimicrobial ability. Antimicrobial ability against Gram-negative Escherichia coli k88, Salmonella gallinarum and Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes of LL treated with PSNs was higher than that of untreated or starch-treated group. Finally, it was found that the expression level of stress response genes dnaK, dnaJ and groES was significantly higher in PSNs-treated groups compared with starch-treated group or LL alone. CONCLUSION The internalization of PSNs into LL enhanced the production of nisin through mild intracellular stimulation, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial ability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows the promising potential of PSNs as new prebiotics for increasing the production of nisin, thus demonstrating a new method for the biological production of such antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - C-S Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W-S Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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d-Methionine and d-Phenylalanine Improve Lactococcus lactis F44 Acid Resistance and Nisin Yield by Governing Cell Wall Remodeling. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02981-19. [PMID: 32111594 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02981-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis encounters various environmental challenges, especially acid stress, during its growth. The cell wall can maintain the integrity and shape of the cell under environmental stress, and d-amino acids play an important role in cell wall synthesis. Here, by analyzing the effects of 19 different d-amino acids on the physiology of L. lactis F44, we found that exogenously supplied d-methionine and d-phenylalanine increased the nisin yield by 93.22% and 101.29%, respectively, as well as significantly increasing the acid resistance of L. lactis F44. The composition of the cell wall in L. lactis F44 with exogenously supplied d-Met or d-Phe was further investigated via a vancomycin fluorescence experiment and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay, which demonstrated that d-Met could be incorporated into the fifth position of peptidoglycan (PG) muropeptides and d-Phe could be added to the fourth and fifth positions. Moreover, overexpression of the PG synthesis gene murF further enhanced the levels of d-Met and d-Phe involved in PG and increased the survival rate under acid stress and the nisin yield of the strain. This study reveals that the exogenous supply of d-Met or d-Phe can change the composition of the cell wall and influence acid tolerance as well as nisin yield in L. lactis IMPORTANCE As d-amino acids play an important role in cell wall synthesis, we analyzed the effects of 19 different d-amino acids on L. lactis F44, demonstrating that d-Met and d-Phe can participate in peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis and improve the acid resistance and nisin yield of this strain. murF overexpression further increased the levels of d-Met and d-Phe incorporated into PG and contributed to the acid resistance of the strain. These findings suggest that d-Met and d-Phe can be incorporated into PG to improve the acid resistance and nisin yield of L. lactis, and this study provides new ideas for the enhancement of nisin production.
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13
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Oros-Flores ZS, Casados-Vázquez LE, Bideshi DK, Salcedo-Hernández R, Barboza-Corona JE. Co-synthesis of kenyacin 404 and heterologous thurincin H enhances the antibacterial activity of Bacillus thuringiensis. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1531-1540. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Innovative approaches to nisin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6299-6307. [PMID: 29850958 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis that has been approved by the Food Drug Administration for utilization as a GRAS status food additive. Nisin can inhibit spore germination and demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Listeria, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus species. Under some circumstances, it plays an immune modulator role and has a selective cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, although it is notable that the high production cost of nisin-a result of the low nisin production yield of producer strains-is an important factor restricting intensive use. In recent years, production of nisin has been significantly improved through genetic modifications to nisin producer strains and through innovative applications in the fermentation process. Recently, 15,400 IU ml-1 nisin production has been achieved in L. lactis cells following genetic modifications by eliminating the factors that negatively affect nisin biosynthesis or by increasing the cell density of the producing strains in the fermentation medium. In this review, innovative approaches related to cell and fermentation systems aimed at increasing nisin production are discussed and interpreted, with a view to increasing industrial nisin production.
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Contribution of YthA, a PspC Family Transcriptional Regulator of Lactococcus lactis F44 Acid Tolerance and Nisin Yield: a Transcriptomic Approach. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29305506 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the adverse impacts of environmental stresses during growth, different adaptive regulation mechanisms can be activated in Lactococcus lactis In this study, the transcription levels of eight transcriptional regulators of L. lactis subsp. lactis F44 under acid stress were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Eight gene-overexpressing strains were then constructed to examine their influences on acid-resistant capability. Overexpressing ythA, a PspC family transcriptional regulator, increased the survival rate by 3.2-fold compared to the control at the lethal pH 3.0 acid shock. Moreover, the nisin yield was increased by 45.50%. The ythA-overexpressing strain FythA appeared to have higher intracellular pH stability and nisin-resistant ability. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that the vast majority of genes associated with amino acid biosynthesis, including arginine, serine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, were predominantly upregulated in FythA. Arginine biosynthesis (argG and argH), arginine deiminase pathway, and polar amino acid transport (ysfE and ysfF) were proposed to be the main regulation mechanisms of YthA. Furthermore, the transcription of genes associated with pyrimidine and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis were upregulated. The transcriptional levels of nisIPRKFEG genes were substantially higher in FythA, which directly contributed to the yield and resistance of nisin. Three potential DNA-binding sequences were predicted by computer analysis using the upstream regions of genes with prominent changes. This study showed that YthA could increase acid resistance and nisin yield and revealed a putative regulation mechanism of YthA.IMPORTANCE Nisin, produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, is widely used as a safe food preservative. Acid stress becomes the primary restrictive factor of cell growth and nisin yield. In this research, we found that the transcriptional regulator YthA was conducive to enhancing the acid resistance of L. lactis F44. Overexpressing ythA could significantly improve the survival rate and nisin yield. The stability of intracellular pH and nisin resistance were also increased. Transcriptome analysis showed that nisin immunity and the biosynthesis of some amino acids, pyrimidine, and exopolysaccharides were enhanced in the engineered strain. This study elucidates the regulation mechanism of YthA and provides a novel strategy for constructing robust industrial L. lactis strains.
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Contribution of YthA, a PspC Family Transcriptional Regulator of Lactococcus lactis F44 Acid Tolerance and Nisin Yield: a Transcriptomic Approach. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02483-17. [PMID: 29305506 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02483-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the adverse impacts of environmental stresses during growth, different adaptive regulation mechanisms can be activated in Lactococcus lactis In this study, the transcription levels of eight transcriptional regulators of L. lactis subsp. lactis F44 under acid stress were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Eight gene-overexpressing strains were then constructed to examine their influences on acid-resistant capability. Overexpressing ythA, a PspC family transcriptional regulator, increased the survival rate by 3.2-fold compared to the control at the lethal pH 3.0 acid shock. Moreover, the nisin yield was increased by 45.50%. The ythA-overexpressing strain FythA appeared to have higher intracellular pH stability and nisin-resistant ability. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that the vast majority of genes associated with amino acid biosynthesis, including arginine, serine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, were predominantly upregulated in FythA. Arginine biosynthesis (argG and argH), arginine deiminase pathway, and polar amino acid transport (ysfE and ysfF) were proposed to be the main regulation mechanisms of YthA. Furthermore, the transcription of genes associated with pyrimidine and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis were upregulated. The transcriptional levels of nisIPRKFEG genes were substantially higher in FythA, which directly contributed to the yield and resistance of nisin. Three potential DNA-binding sequences were predicted by computer analysis using the upstream regions of genes with prominent changes. This study showed that YthA could increase acid resistance and nisin yield and revealed a putative regulation mechanism of YthA.IMPORTANCE Nisin, produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, is widely used as a safe food preservative. Acid stress becomes the primary restrictive factor of cell growth and nisin yield. In this research, we found that the transcriptional regulator YthA was conducive to enhancing the acid resistance of L. lactis F44. Overexpressing ythA could significantly improve the survival rate and nisin yield. The stability of intracellular pH and nisin resistance were also increased. Transcriptome analysis showed that nisin immunity and the biosynthesis of some amino acids, pyrimidine, and exopolysaccharides were enhanced in the engineered strain. This study elucidates the regulation mechanism of YthA and provides a novel strategy for constructing robust industrial L. lactis strains.
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Wang B, Zhang H, Liang D, Hao P, Li Y, Qiao J. Acid or erythromycin stress significantly improves transformation efficiency through regulating expression of DNA binding proteins in Lactococcus lactis F44. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9532-9538. [PMID: 28987584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the dairy industry and food fermentation, and its biological characteristics are usually improved through genetic manipulation. However, poor transformation efficiency was the main restriction factor for the construction of engineered strains. In this study, the transformation efficiency of L. lactis F44 showed a 56.1-fold increase in acid condition (pH 5.0); meanwhile, erythromycin stress (0.04 μg/mL) promoted the transformation efficiency more significantly (76.9-fold). Notably, the transformation efficiency of F44e (L. lactis F44 harboring empty pLEB124) increased up to 149.1-fold under the synergistic stresses of acid and erythromycin. In addition, the gene expression of some DNA binding proteins (DprA, RadA, RadC, RecA, RecQ, and SsbA) changed correspondingly. Especially for radA, 25.1-fold improvement was detected when F44e was exposed to pH 5.0. Overexpression of some DNA binding proteins could improve the transformation efficiency. The results suggested that acid or erythromycin stress could improve the transformation efficiency of L. lactis through regulating gene expression of DNA binding proteins. We have proposed a simple but promising strategy for improving the transformation efficiency of L. lactis and other hard-transformed microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Panlong Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Tianjin, 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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