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Veljković M, Banjanac K, Milivojević A, Ćorović M, Simović M, Bezbradica D. Production of prebiotic enriched maple syrup through enzymatic conversion of sucrose into fructo-oligosaccharides. Food Chem 2024; 449:139180. [PMID: 38579650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Maple syrup, a popular natural sweetener has a high content of sucrose, whose consumption is linked to different health issues such as obesity and diabetes. Hence, within this paper, the conversion of sucrose to prebiotics (fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS) was proposed as a promising approach to obtaining a healthier, value-added product. Enzymatic conversion was optimized with respect to key experimental factors, and thereafter derived immobilized preparation of fructosyltransferase (FTase) from Pectinex® Ultra SP-L (FTase-epoxy Purolite, 255 IU/g support) was successfully utilized to produce novel functional product in ten consecutive reaction cycles. The product, obtained under optimal conditions (60 °C, 7.65 IU/mL, 12 h), resulted in 56.0% FOS, 16.7% sucrose, and 27.3% monosaccharides of total carbohydrates, leading to a 1.6-fold reduction in caloric content. The obtained products` prebiotic potential toward the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v was demonstrated. The changes in physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics were esteemed as negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Veljković
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Banjanac
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Milivojević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Ćorović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Simović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Bezbradica
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Fang H, Chang S, Ren G, Cheng X, Pan Y, Wu R, Liu H, Wu J. Construction of Probiotic Double-Layered Multinucleated Microcapsules Based on Sulfhydryl-Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium for Increased Intestinal Adhesion of Probiotics and Therapy for Intestinal Inflammation Induced by Escherichia coli O157:H7. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18569-18589. [PMID: 37037009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The decreased number of viable bacteria and the ability of Bifidobacterium to adhere to and colonize the gut in the gastrointestinal environment greatly limit their efficacy. To solve this problem, thiolated carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) probiotic double-layered multinucleated microcapsules with Bifidobacterium adolescentis FS2-3 in the inner layer and Bacillus subtilis SN15-2 embedded in the outer layers were designed. First, the viable counts and release rates of microcapsules were examined by in vitro simulated digestion assays, and it was found that microcapsules were better protected from gastrointestinal digestion than the controls. Compared with free Bifidobacterium strains, double-layered multinucleated microcapsules have higher viable bacterial survival rates and storage stability. Second, through in vitro rheology, tensile tests, isotherm titration calorimetry, and adhesion tests, it was observed that thiolated CMC could enhance the strong interaction of Bifidobacterium with intestinal mucus and significantly promote the proliferation and growth of probiotics. Finally, double-layered multinucleated microcapsules containing B. adolescentis FS2-3 and B. subtilis SN15-2 modified with sulfhydryl-modified CMC were studied in the intestine. Alleviation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 induced intestinal inflammation. The results showed that microencapsulation could significantly increase the colon content of Bifidobacterium, relieve intestinal inflammation symptoms in mice with bacterial enteritis, and repair the intestinal microbiota disorder caused by inflammation. The probiotic double-layered multinucleated microcapsules prepared in this study can improve the survival rate of probiotics and promote proliferation, adhesion, and colonization of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
| | - Zhili Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
| | - Haitian Fang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, School of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R. China
| | - Shihan Chang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Ren
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, School of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, P.R. China
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Reynoso-García J, Miranda-Santiago AE, Meléndez-Vázquez NM, Acosta-Pagán K, Sánchez-Rosado M, Díaz-Rivera J, Rosado-Quiñones AM, Acevedo-Márquez L, Cruz-Roldán L, Tosado-Rodríguez EL, Figueroa-Gispert MDM, Godoy-Vitorino F. A complete guide to human microbiomes: Body niches, transmission, development, dysbiosis, and restoration. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:951403. [PMID: 38993286 PMCID: PMC11238057 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2022.951403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Humans are supra-organisms co-evolved with microbial communities (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic), named the microbiome. These microbiomes supply essential ecosystem services that play critical roles in human health. A loss of indigenous microbes through modern lifestyles leads to microbial extinctions, associated with many diseases and epidemics. This narrative review conforms a complete guide to the human holobiont-comprising the host and all its symbiont populations- summarizes the latest and most significant research findings in human microbiome. It pretends to be a comprehensive resource in the field, describing all human body niches and their dominant microbial taxa while discussing common perturbations on microbial homeostasis, impacts of urbanization and restoration and humanitarian efforts to preserve good microbes from extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kimil Acosta-Pagán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Mitchell Sánchez-Rosado
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Jennifer Díaz-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Angélica M. Rosado-Quiñones
- Department of Biology, UPR Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Luis Acevedo-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Lorna Cruz-Roldán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
| | | | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, United States
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Sauvaitre T, Van Herreweghen F, Delbaere K, Durif C, Van Landuyt J, Fadhlaoui K, Huille S, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S, Van de Wiele T. Lentils and Yeast Fibers: A New Strategy to Mitigate Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Strain H10407 Virulence? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102146. [PMID: 35631287 PMCID: PMC9144138 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers exhibit well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious properties against enteric pathogens have been poorly investigated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major food-borne pathogen that causes acute traveler’s diarrhea. Its virulence traits mainly rely on adhesion to an epithelial surface, mucus degradation, and the secretion of two enterotoxins associated with intestinal inflammation. With the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an imperious need to develop novel alternative strategies to control ETEC infections. This study aimed to investigate, using complementary in vitro approaches, the inhibitory potential of two dietary-fiber-containing products (a lentil extract and yeast cell walls) against the human ETEC reference strain H10407. We showed that the lentil extract decreased toxin production in a dose-dependent manner, reduced pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production, and modulated mucus-related gene induction in ETEC-infected mucus-secreting intestinal cells. We also report that the yeast product reduced ETEC adhesion to mucin and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells. Both fiber-containing products strengthened intestinal barrier function and modulated toxin-related gene expression. In a complex human gut microbial background, both products did not elicit a significant effect on ETEC colonization. These pioneering data demonstrate the promising role of dietary fibers in controlling different stages of the ETEC infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Florence Van Herreweghen
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Karen Delbaere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Claude Durif
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Khaled Fadhlaoui
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | | | - Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, CEDEX, F-31702 Blagnac, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-73-17-83-90
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
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Li A, Zhang C, Chi H, Han X, Ma Y, Zheng J, Liu C, Li C. 2'-Fucosyllactose promotes Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 to repair LPS-induced damage in Caco-2 cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14059. [PMID: 35118691 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on the repair of monolayer barrier damage in Caco-2 cells by Lactobacillus rhamnosus KLDS 8001 (KLDS 8001). The results showed that the addition of 2'-FL not only promoted the adhesion ability of KLDS 8001 to Caco-2 cells but also improved the anti-adhesive effect of pathogenic bacteria. Compared with 2'-FL or KLDS 8001 alone, 2'-FL+KLDS 8001 significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) production. In addition, 2'-FL effectively promoted the transmembrane electrical resistance (TEER), cell viability, and cellular permeability of KLDS 8001 repaired damaged cells with dose-dependent properties. The mRNA and protein expression of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1 were also upregulated in the KLDS 8001 and 2'-FL co-treated treatment group. It was speculated that 2'-FL could effectively regulate the interaction between KLDS 8001 and intestinal epithelial cells to play a role in maintaining intestinal barrier function and avoiding pathogenic bacteria invasion. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As the most widely used human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 2'-FL is vital for maintaining infant intestinal health. Our study found that the addition of 2'-FL promoted KLDS 8001 adhesion, anti-adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, anti-inflammatory capacity, repair of barrier damage, and tight junction protein expression, providing a new strategy to protect infant intestinal health and prevent various intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Houyu Chi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
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Roussel C, De Paepe K, Galia W, de Bodt J, Chalancon S, Denis S, Leriche F, Vandekerkove P, Ballet N, Blanquet-Diot S, Van de Wiele T. Multi-targeted properties of the probiotic saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ETEC) H10407 pathogenesis across human gut models. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1953246. [PMID: 34432600 PMCID: PMC8405159 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1953246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of acute traveler's diarrhea. Adhesins and enterotoxins constitute the major ETEC virulence traits. With the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance, probiotics are considered a wholesome alternative to prevent or treat ETEC infections. Here, we examined the antimicrobial properties of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against ETEC H10407 pathogenesis upon co-administration in the TNO gastrointestinal Model (TIM-1), simulating the physicochemical and enzymatic conditions of the human upper digestive tract and preventive treatment in the Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (M-SHIME), integrating microbial populations of the ileum and ascending colon. Interindividual variability was assessed by separate M-SHIME experiments with microbiota from six human individuals. The probiotic did not affect ETEC survival along the digestive tract. However, ETEC pathogenicity was significantly reduced: enterotoxin encoding virulence genes were repressed, especially in the TIM-1 system, and a lower enterotoxin production was noted. M-SHIME experiments revealed that 18-days probiotic treatment stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in different gut regions (mucosal and luminal, ileum and ascending colon) while a stronger metabolic activity was noted in terms of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and ethanol production. Moreover, the probiotic pre-treated microbiota displayed a higher robustness in composition following ETEC challenge compared to the control condition. We thus demonstrated the multi-inhibitory properties of the probiotic S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against ETEC in the overall simulated human digestive tract, regardless of the inherent variability across individuals in the M-SHIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Roussel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wessam Galia
- UMR 5557 Microbial Ecology, Research Group On Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens And Environment, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Lyon, France
| | - Jana de Bodt
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Ballet
- Lesaffre International, Lesaffre Group, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- CONTACT Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR UCA-INRA 454 MEDIS, Microbiology Digestive Environment and Health, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- CMET, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Towards Zero Zinc Oxide: Feeding Strategies to Manage Post-Weaning Diarrhea in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030642. [PMID: 33670980 PMCID: PMC7997240 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation at pharmacological doses in post-weaning piglets is a consolidated practice that allows efficient control of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), a condition exacerbated by Escherichia coli F4 (K88) infections. Far from being completely elucidated, the multifactorial ZnO mechanism of action is in all likelihood exerted at the gastrointestinal level. However, increasing environmental concerns are arising from prolonged ZnO use. This article reviews the utilization of ZnO in piglets, the biological rationale behind its powerful activity, and the emerging threats that are leading towards a significant reduction in its use. Finally, a wide analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of innovative alternative strategies to manage PWD at the nutritional level is given. Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) at pharmacological doses is extensively employed in the pig industry as an effective tool to manage post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), a condition that causes huge economic losses because of its impact on the most pivotal phase of a piglet’s production cycle. In a multifactorial way, ZnO exerts a variety of positive effects along the entire gastrointestinal tract by targeting intestinal architecture, digestive secretions, antioxidant systems, and immune cells. ZnO also has a moderate antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli F4 (K88), the main causative agent of PWD. However, the environmental impact of ZnO and new emerging threats are posing serious questions to the sustainability of its extensive utilization. To work towards a future free from pharmacological ZnO, novel nutritional approaches are necessary, and many strategies have been investigated. This review article provides a comprehensive framework for ZnO utilization and its broad mode of action. Moreover, all the risks related to pharmacological ZnO levels are presented; we focus on European institutions’ decisions subsequently. The identification of a novel, complete solution against PWD should be accompanied by the adoption of holistic strategies, thereby combining good management practices to feeding approaches capable of mitigating Escherichia coli F4 (K88) infections and/or lowering ZnO utilization. Promising results can be obtained by adjusting diet composition or employing organic acids, natural identical compounds, polyphenol-rich extracts, prebiotics, and probiotics.
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Asadpoor M, Ithakisiou GN, Henricks PAJ, Pieters R, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides and Short Chain Fatty Acids as Therapeutic Targets against Enterotoxin-Producing Bacteria and Their Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:175. [PMID: 33668708 PMCID: PMC7996226 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxin-producing bacteria (EPB) have developed multiple mechanisms to disrupt gut homeostasis, and provoke various pathologies. A major part of bacterial cytotoxicity is attributed to the secretion of virulence factors, including enterotoxins. Depending on their structure and mode of action, enterotoxins intrude the intestinal epithelium causing long-term consequences such as hemorrhagic colitis. Multiple non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), as their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, interact with enteropathogens and their toxins, which may result in the inhibition of the bacterial pathogenicity. NDOs characterized by diverse structural characteristics, block the pathogenicity of EPB either directly, by inhibiting bacterial adherence and growth, or biofilm formation or indirectly, by promoting gut microbiota. Apart from these abilities, NDOs and SCFA can interact with enterotoxins and reduce their cytotoxicity. These anti-virulent effects mostly rely on their ability to mimic the structure of toxin receptors and thus inhibiting toxin adherence to host cells. This review focuses on the strategies of EPB and related enterotoxins to impair host cell immunity, discusses the anti-pathogenic properties of NDOs and SCFA on EPB functions and provides insight into the potential use of NDOs and SCFA as effective agents to fight against enterotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Georgia-Nefeli Ithakisiou
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Paul A. J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Roland Pieters
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (G.-N.I.); (P.A.J.H.); (G.F.)
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9
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RAI S, MANDAL S, BEHERA R, SAHU J, DUTTA TK, JAS R, CHATTERJEE A, MANDAL DK, KARUNAKARAN M, GHOSH MK. Effect of feeding fermentable synbiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC 298 and fructo-oligosaccharide) to Jersey crossbred calves up to 3 months of age. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i4.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synbiotic combination of L. rhamnosus NCDC 298 and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) is known to be effective against diarrhoea by preventing the adhesion of pathogens to the gutt, hereby, preventing infection and pathology. Such synergistic effect of the combination has emerged as a favourable alternative to antibiotic use against diseases and growth promoters in the livestock industry. The present study assessed the health and growth performance of the calves supplemented fermentable synbiotic fortified milk from 4 to 90 days and observed its performance till 120th day of age. Body temperature and passive immunity (IgG) were significantly better in calves fed synbiotics with notable increase in body weight and heart girth post synbiotic feeding period. These calves had increased dry matter intake per animal/day when compared to the control animals. The populations of Lactobacillus sp. elevated with decreased pathogenic bacteria (Coliform) in faeces on feeding synbiotics and it continued even after 90 days of age indicating colonization of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, feeding of fermentable synbiotics had observable beneficial effects on health, immunity and growth of the Jersey crossbred calves. The findings encourage further verification of fermentable synbiotics fortified milk as a potential growth promoter to young dairy calves.
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Xi M, Yao Q, Ge W, Chen Y, Cao B, Wang Z, Cui X, Sun Q. Effects of stachyose on intestinal microbiota and immunity in mice infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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