1
|
Nofouzi K, Sheikhzadeh N, Hamidian G, Shahbazfar AA, Soltani M, Marandi A. Growth performance, mucosal immunity and disease resistance in goldfish (Carassius auratus) orally administered with Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1731-1743. [PMID: 38907742 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The current research aimed to shed light on the efficacy of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on goldfish (……) growth, gut immunity, morphology, bacterial nutritional enzyme activity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish fed with EcN at 106, 107 and 108 CFU/g feed for 80 days showed an enhancement in growth better than control fish. The gut innate immunity in terms of lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin and total protein levels was increased in the treatment fish with the best result being observed in fish fed EcN at 108 CFU/ g. In addition, an increase was noted in the upregulation of immune-relevant genes, namely lysozyme, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor α of fish intestine. A marked surge in the number of proteolytic and heterotrophic bacteria was noted in the gut of fish nourished with the probiotic. Histological studies exhibited an improvement in the intestinal absorption surface area, intraepithelial lymphocyte count and goblet cell density. Significantly higher survival rate was obtained in fish fed EcN at 108 CFU/g compared with the fish fed with the basal diet. These data exhibited the beneficial effect of EcN on goldfish growth, digestive enzymes, intestine heterotrophic bacteria and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. This study confirmed the favorable outcomes resulting from the administration of EcN at108 CFU/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amin Marandi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parra M, Aldabaldetrecu M, Arce P, Soto-Aguilera S, Vargas R, Guerrero J, Tello M, Modak B. [Cu(NN 1) 2]ClO 4, a Copper (I) Complex as an Antimicrobial Agent for the Treatment of Piscirickettsiosis in Atlantic Salmon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3700. [PMID: 38612511 PMCID: PMC11011784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the pathogen that most affects the salmon industry in Chile. Large quantities of antibiotics have been used to control it. In search of alternatives, we have developed [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 where NN1 = 6-((quinolin-2-ylmethylene)amino)-2H-chromen-2-one. The antibacterial capacity of [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 was determined. Subsequently, the effect of the administration of [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 on the growth of S. salar, modulation of the immune system and the intestinal microbiota was studied. Finally, the ability to protect against a challenge with P. salmonis was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the compound has an MIC between 15 and 33.9 μg/mL in four isolates. On the other hand, the compound did not affect the growth of the fish; however, an increase in the transcript levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1β, CD4, lysozyme and perforin was observed in fish treated with 40 μg/g of fish. Furthermore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota was observed, increasing the genera of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus as well as potential pathogens such as Vibrio and Piscirickettsia. Finally, the treatment increased survival in fish challenged with P. salmonis by more than 60%. These results demonstrate that the compound is capable of protecting fish against P. salmonis, probably by modulating the immune system and the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mick Parra
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile;
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
| | - Maialen Aldabaldetrecu
- Laboratory of Coordination Compounds and Supramolecularity, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (M.A.); (P.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Pablo Arce
- Laboratory of Coordination Compounds and Supramolecularity, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (M.A.); (P.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarita Soto-Aguilera
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
- Aquaculture Production Unit, Universidad of Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratory of Coordination Compounds and Supramolecularity, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (M.A.); (P.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
| | - Brenda Modak
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Velázquez J, Rodríguez-Cornejo T, Rodríguez-Ramos T, Pérez-Rodríguez G, Rivera L, Campbell JH, Al-Hussinee L, Carpio Y, Estrada MP, Dixon B. New Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide as an Antimicrobial Peptide in Teleost Fish. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1484. [PMID: 37887185 PMCID: PMC10604671 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that is widely distributed and conserved across species. We have previously shown that in teleost fish, PACAP not only possesses direct antimicrobial properties but also immunomodulatory effects against the bacterial pathogens Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro and in vivo experiments. These previous results suggest PACAP can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent and/or treat bacterial infections in the aquaculture industry. To accomplish this goal, more studies are needed to better understand the effect of PACAP on pathogens affecting fish in live infections. In the present study, the transcripts PACAP, PRP/PACAP, and VPAC2 receptor were examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with Yersinia ruckeri, which exhibited an increase in their expression in the spleen when compared to healthy fish. Synthetic Clarias gariepinus PACAP-38 has direct antimicrobial activity on Y. ruckeri and inhibits up to 60% of the bacterial growth when the peptide is at concentrations between 50 and 100 µM in TSB. The growth inhibition increased up to 90% in the presence of 12.5 µM of PACAP-38 when salt-free LB broth was used instead of TSB. It was also found to inhibit Y. ruckeri growth in a dose-dependent manner when the rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RTS11) was pre-treated with lower concentrations of the peptide (0.02 and 0.1 µM) before going through infection. Differential gene expression was analyzed in this in vitro model. Overall, the results revealed new evidence to support the role of PACAP as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide treatment in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Velázquez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba; (J.V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Tania Rodríguez-Cornejo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (T.R.-C.); (T.R.-R.); (L.R.); (J.H.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Tania Rodríguez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (T.R.-C.); (T.R.-R.); (L.R.); (J.H.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Geysi Pérez-Rodríguez
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba; (J.V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Laura Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (T.R.-C.); (T.R.-R.); (L.R.); (J.H.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - James Hugh Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (T.R.-C.); (T.R.-R.); (L.R.); (J.H.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Lowia Al-Hussinee
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (T.R.-C.); (T.R.-R.); (L.R.); (J.H.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba; (J.V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba; (J.V.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (T.R.-C.); (T.R.-R.); (L.R.); (J.H.C.); (L.A.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahman MA, Ashrafudoulla M, Akter S, Park SH, Ha SD. Probiotics and biofilm interaction in aquaculture for sustainable food security: A review and bibliometric analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37599629 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2249114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most significant food sources from the prehistoric period. As aquaculture intensifies globally, the prevalence and outbreaks of various pathogenic microorganisms cause fish disease and heavy mortality, leading to a drastic reduction in yield and substantial economic loss. With the modernization of the aquaculture system, a new challenge regarding biofilms or bacterial microenvironments arises worldwide, which facilitates pathogenic microorganisms to survive under unfavorable environmental conditions and withstand various treatments, especially antibiotics and other chemical disinfectants. However, we focus on the mechanistic association between those microbes which mainly form biofilm and probiotics in one of the major food production systems, aquaculture. In recent years, probiotics and their derivatives have attracted much attention in the fisheries sector to combat the survival strategy of pathogenic bacteria. Apart from this, Bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the published literature, highlighting key research themes, emerging topics, and areas that require further investigation. This information is valuable for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders in determining research priorities and allocating resources effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashikur Rahman
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shirin Akter
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jang WJ, Lee KB, Jeon MH, Lee SJ, Hur SW, Lee S, Lee BJ, Lee JM, Kim KW, Lee EW. Characteristics and biological control functions of Bacillus sp. PM8313 as a host-associated probiotic in red sea bream ( Pagrus major) aquaculture. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 12:20-31. [PMID: 36381063 PMCID: PMC9641168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Host-associated probiotics (HAPs) are bacteria originally isolated from rearing water or the host's gastrointestinal tract in order to enhance the host's growth and health. This study investigated the HAP potential of Bacillus sp. PM8313, isolated from wild red sea bream (Pagrus major), through characterization and feeding trials. Results based on in vitro tests showed that PM8313 is safe, confirming its hemolytic, cytotoxic, and antibiotic resistance. In addition, PM8313 showed advantages as a probiotic with high viability in the gastrointestinal model and a high cell adhesion rate. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that PM8313 has a 4,615,871 bp single circular chromosome and a guanine-cytosine content of 45.25%. It also showed the absence of genes encoding virulence factors, such as cytotoxin, enterotoxin, hemolysin, sphingomyelinase, and phospholipase. In the feeding trial, a supplemental diet of 1 × 108 CFU/g PM8313 positively altered the weight gain, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiota composition of red sea bream. Analysis of nonspecific immune parameters and immune-related gene expression, and a challenge test showed that PM8313 supplementation increases immunity and pathogenic bacteria resistance. Our findings suggest that PM8313 should be considered for application as a novel HAP to red sea bream aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Bon Lee
- Department of Biology Education College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeon
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, 37517, South Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, 37517, South Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, 37517, South Korea
- Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, 37517, South Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghafarifarsani H, Nedaei S, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Effect of Different Levels of Chlorogenic Acid on Growth Performance, Immunological Responses, Antioxidant Defense, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:3679002. [PMID: 37124879 PMCID: PMC10132906 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3679002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study is designed to assay the efficacy of chlorogenic acid (ChA) in the diet on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant variables, and mucosal immune response as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Rainbow trout juveniles received diets supplemented with different inclusion levels of ChA (0 (ctrl), 200 (CA1), 400 (CA2), 600 (CA3), and 800 (CA4) mg kg-1 diet) for 60 days. According to the findings, fish from CA3 and CA4 groups demonstrated the best results considering the final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). Also, the group that received 600 mg kg-1 ChA-supplemented diet showed the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest specific growth rate (SGR) compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the minimum survival rate (SR) was only detected in the CA4 treatment (P < 0.05). Regression analysis exhibited that rainbow trout growth indices were polynomially linked to dietary chlorogenic acid concentrations. In this regard, the optimal levels of chlorogenic acid according to growth parameters (FCR and SGR) were 0.71 and 0.62 gr kg-1 diet, respectively. The results exhibited superior performance of protease and amylase activities in CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups with the maximum amount in the group receiving 600 mg kg-1 ChA-enriched diet (P < 0.05). Serum lysozyme (LYZ), immunoglobulin (Ig), and components 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) values of CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups were significantly higher than others with the highest amount in the CA3 group (P <0.05). Additionally, serum nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value in the CA3 and CA4 groups and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the CA3 group were notably more than others (P < 0.05). Moreover, the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the highest total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) values were observed in CA3 treatment (P < 0.05). CA2 and CA3 groups demonstrated increased serum catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) values compared to the control while the highest CAT and lowest MDA values were observed in CA3 treatment (P < 0.05). Considering mucus immunity, the significantly maximum LYZ and protease values were demonstrated in CA2 and CA3 groups, and the highest ALP, Ig, and esterase values were demonstrated in the CA3 group. In comparison with the control, the mortality rates of the groups that received the ChA diets were remarkably (P < 0.05) lower postchallenge with Y. ruckeri, and the highest survival and relative percentage of survival (RPS) (P < 0.05) belonged to the CA3 group. Results obtained from the current study suggested ChA as a functional dietary additive to raise growth parameters, immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to disease in rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Nedaei
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yanez-Lemus F, Moraga R, Smith CT, Aguayo P, Sánchez-Alonzo K, García-Cancino A, Valenzuela A, Campos VL. Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101523. [PMID: 36290428 PMCID: PMC9598509 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Potential probiotic bacteria for aquacultured species should be naturally occurring and non-pathogenic in the native habitat of the host, easy to culture, and able to grow in the intestine of the host. Se nanoparticles (Se0Nps) can be effectively used as a growth promoter, antioxidant, and immunostimulant agent in aquacultured species. Dietary supplementation with probiotics and Se0Nps contributes to the balance of the intestinal microbiota and probiotics have been proposed as an alternative to chemotherapeutants and antibiotics to prevent disease outbreaks, to mitigate the negative effects of stress and to strengthen the antioxidant capacity and the immune system of fish. Our results reported the isolation of a probiotic strain obtained from healthy rainbow trout. The strain was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species. This strain showed characteristics typically present in probiotics and, concurrently, the capacity to biosynthesize Se0Nps. The supplementation of the rainbow trout fish diet with LABS14-Se0Nps showed a positive effect on innate immune response parameters, oxidative status, well-being, and a better growth performance than the supplementation of the diet with the bacterium LABS14 alone. Therefore, we propose LABS14-Se0Nps as a promising alternative for the nutritional supplementation for rainbow trout or even other salmonids. Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), obtained from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine, were cultured in MRS medium and probiotic candidates. Concurrently, producers of elemental selenium nanoparticles (Se0Nps) were selected. Probiotic candidates were subjected to morphological characterization and the following tests: antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, catalase, hydrophobicity, viability at low pH, and tolerance to bile salts. Two LAB strains (S4 and S14) satisfied the characteristics of potential probiotics, but only strain S14 reduced selenite to biosynthesize Se0Nps. S14 strain was identified, by 16S rDNA analysis, as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Electron microscopy showed Se0Nps on the surface of S14 cells. Rainbow trout diet was supplemented (108 CFU g−1 feed) with Se0Nps-enriched L. plantarum S14 (LABS14-Se0Nps) or L. plantarum S14 alone (LABS14) for 30 days. At days 0, 15, and 30, samples (blood, liver, and dorsal muscle) were obtained from both groups, plus controls lacking diet supplementation. Fish receiving LABS14-Se0Nps for 30 days improved respiratory burst and plasmatic lysozyme, (innate immune response) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (oxidative status) activities and productive parameters when compared to controls. The same parameters also improved when compared to fish receiving LABS14, but significant only for plasmatic and muscle GPX. Therefore, Se0Nps-enriched L. plantarum S14 may be a promising alternative for rainbow trout nutritional supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Yanez-Lemus
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Rubén Moraga
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
| | - Paulina Aguayo
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Institute of Natural Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepcion, Chacabuco 539, Concepcion 3349001, Chile
| | - Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion 4080871, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
| | - Ariel Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Pisciculture and Aquatic Pathology, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
| | - Víctor L. Campos
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-2204144
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pereira WA, Mendonça CMN, Urquiza AV, Marteinsson VÞ, LeBlanc JG, Cotter PD, Villalobos EF, Romero J, Oliveira RPS. Use of Probiotic Bacteria and Bacteriocins as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091705. [PMID: 36144306 PMCID: PMC9503917 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their use in human medicine, antimicrobials are also used in food animals and aquaculture, and their use can be categorized as therapeutic against bacterial infections. The use of antimicrobials in aquaculture may involve a broad environmental application that affects a wide variety of bacteria, promoting the spread of bacterial resistance genes. Probiotics and bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides produced by some types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have been successfully tested in aquatic animals as alternatives to control bacterial infections. Supplementation might have beneficial impacts on the intestinal microbiota, immune response, development, and/or weight gain, without the issues associated with antibiotic use. Thus, probiotics and bacteriocins represent feasible alternatives to antibiotics. Here, we provide an update with respect to the relevance of aquaculture in the animal protein production sector, as well as the present and future challenges generated by outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance, while highlighting the potential role of probiotics and bacteriocins to address these challenges. In addition, we conducted data analysis using a simple linear regression model to determine whether a linear relationship exists between probiotic dose added to feed and three variables of interest selected, including specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and lysozyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wellison Amorim Pereira
- Microbial Biomolecules Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Rua do Lago 250, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Miguel N. Mendonça
- Microbial Biomolecules Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Rua do Lago 250, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman T4000, Argentina
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, APC Microbiome Ireland, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Elías Figueroa Villalobos
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Libano 5524, Santiago 783090, Chile
| | - Ricardo P. S. Oliveira
- Microbial Biomolecules Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Rua do Lago 250, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jang WJ, Jeon MH, Lee SJ, Park SY, Lee YS, Noh DI, Hur SW, Lee S, Lee BJ, Lee JM, Kim KW, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus sp. PM8313 with β-glucan Modulates the Intestinal Microbiota of Red Sea Bream ( Pagrus major) to Increase Growth, Immunity, and Disease Resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960554. [PMID: 35935938 PMCID: PMC9353131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Bacillus sp. isolated from the intestines of red sea bream on the growth performance, immunity, and gut microbiome composition of red sea bream. Three diets (a control diet and two treatments) were formulated without Bacillus sp. PM8313 or β-glucan (control, CD), 1 × 108 CFU g-1 PM8313 (BSD), and 1 × 108 CFU g-1 PM8313 + 0.1% β-glucan (BGSD). At the end of the experiment, the weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of the fish in the BSD and BGSD diet groups were significantly improved than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, amylase and trypsin activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both groups compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity, which are serum non-specific immune responses, only increased in the BGSD group. The two treatment groups exhibited a marked difference in the intestinal microbiota composition compared to the control group. Furthermore, the treatment groups exhibited an upregulation of IL-6 and NF-κb, coupled with high survival rates when challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. Therefore, dietary supplementation with PM8313 improved the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, non-specific immunity, and pathogen resistance of red sea bream, in addition to affecting the composition of its intestinal microflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeon
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Da-In Noh
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Md Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sumon MAA, Sumon TA, Hussain MA, Lee SJ, Jang WJ, Sharifuzzaman SM, Brown CL, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Single and Multi-Strain Probiotics Supplementation in Commercially Prominent Finfish Aquaculture: Review of the Current Knowledge. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:681-698. [PMID: 35722672 PMCID: PMC9628892 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and rohu carp Labeo rohita are farmed commercially worldwide. Production of these important finfishes is rapidly expanding, and intensive culture practices can lead to stress in fish, often reducing resistance to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and other drugs are routinely used for the treatment of diseases and sometimes applied preventatively to combat microbial pathogens. This strategy is responsible for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, mass killing of environmental/beneficial bacteria, and residual effects in humans. As an alternative, the administration of probiotics has gained acceptance for disease control in aquaculture. Probiotics have been found to improve growth, feed utilization, immunological status, disease resistance, and to promote transcriptomic profiles and internal microbial balance of host organisms. The present review discusses the effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on growth, immunity, heamato-biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of the above-mentioned finfishes. The application and outcome of probiotics in the field or open pond system, gaps in existing knowledge, and issues worthy of further research are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tofael Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Jang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - S. M. Sharifuzzaman
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher L. Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh,Corresponding author Phone: +880-821-761952 Fax: + 880-821-761980 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eissa ESH, Baghdady ES, Gaafar AY, El-Badawi AA, Bazina WK, Abd Al-Kareem OM, Abd El-Hamed NNB. Assessing the Influence of Dietary Pediococcus acidilactici Probiotic Supplementation in the Feed of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) (Linnaeus, 1758) on Farm Water Quality, Growth, Feed Utilization, Survival Rate, Body Composition, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and Intestinal Histology. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5841220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The probiotics are being used as ecofriendly and bioremediation tools for developing sustainability to aquaculture. The present study was conducted to explore the practical capability of using dietary lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici) probiotics and see how its dose variation affected the water quality, growth performance, survival rate, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal histology of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). A total of 120 fingerlings with an initial weight of
g were divided into four groups, each with three replicates. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 days. In addition to the control (without probiotics) (T0), fish were fed diets containing (T1) 2.0, (T2) 2.5, and (T3) 3.0 g of probiotics per kg of diet twice a day. When compared to the control, sea bass fed probiotic-supplemented diets had significantly higher growth parameters, fish body “crude lipid,” and villi height (
,
, and
). The P. acidilactici probiotic treatments improved survival rate, feed conversion ratio, body composition, and blood biochemical markers, but not statistically significant (
). Also, in regard to water quality, P. acidilactici drastically reduced ammonia and pH levels. In this experiment, fish fed with a dosage of 3.0 g of this commercial probiotic per kg of probiotics performed better. The study found that including probiotics in the diets of European sea bass improved growth, body composition, survival rate, blood biochemical markers, intestinal histology, and some water quality parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsayed S. Baghdady
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish & Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Alkhateib Y. Gaafar
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. El-Badawi
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
- Biology Department, University College, Umm-Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa K. Bazina
- Fish Rearing and Aquaculture Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
| | - Omayma M. Abd Al-Kareem
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, Faculty of Fish & Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Applications in Animal Husbandry. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:22. [PMID: 34905106 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract of animals is a complex ecosystem in which nutrients, microbiota and host cells interact extensively. Probiotics can be considered as part of the natural microbiota of the gut and are involved in improving homeostasis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a general term for a class of non-spore forming, gram-positive bacteria whose main product of fermented sugar is lactic acid. LAB are considered to be a type of probiotic due to their health-promoting effects on the host, and are very effective in the treatment of human and animal diseases. LAB have been widely used as a class of microbial agents in the field of livestock and poultry breeding. They are also considered to be the best substitutes for antibiotics to improve animal health. Here, we review the biological functions, probiotic characteristics and applications of LAB in livestock and poultry breeding. This review is designed to provide a theoretical base for the in-depth exploration and promotion of LAB use in animal diets.
Collapse
|
13
|
Esmaeili M. Blood Performance: A New Formula for Fish Growth and Health. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121236. [PMID: 34943151 PMCID: PMC8698978 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of haematological and blood biochemistry parameters has proven to be effective and repeatable ways to monitor fish health. Testing these parameters is becoming more common in aquaculture studies. Further, it is widely accepted that fish with better health status are more likely to grow faster as less energy should be consumed for non-growth purposes. Here, a new formula (Blood Performance) is introduced, which contains five common haematological and blood biochemistry parameters: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. The idea behind this formula is that any single component of this formula cannot be reliable enough as a biomarker of fish health and growth. However, interestingly, Blood Performance can be much more reliable and accurate for monitoring fish health and growth. Abstract Monitoring fish health in a repeatable and accurate manner can contribute to the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture. Haematological and blood biochemistry parameters have been powerful tools and becoming increasingly common in aquaculture studies. Fish growth is closely related to its health status. A fish with a higher growth rate is more likely to be a healthy one. Any change in the physiological status of the fish, from pollution to nutritional stress, can cause changes in the blood parameters. Various aquaculture studies have measured the following components: red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total protein. However, because these parameters do not always follow the same trend across experimental fish, it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about which parameter should be considered. Therefore, Blood Performance (BP) as a new formula is introduced, which is a more reliable indicator. This formula is simple and sums up the natural logarithm of the five above-mentioned parameters. More than 90 published peer-reviewed articles that measured these five parameters in the last six years confirmed the reliability and validity of this formula. Regardless of which supplements were added to the diets, the fish with a higher growth rate had higher BP as well. In addition, in 44 studies out of 53 articles, there was a significant positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP. Under different stressful situations, from pollution to thermal stress, the fish under stress had a lower BP than the control. Fish meal and fish oil replacement studies were further evidence for this formula and showed that adding excessive alternative proteins decreased growth along with BP. In conclusion, BP can be a reliable indicator of fish health and growth when it is compared between groups in the same experiment or farm. Although there was a positive correlation between specific growth rate and BP, comparing BP between experiments is not recommended. Standardising the haematological assays can improve the reliability and accuracy of BP across experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moha Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart Private Bag 49, 15-21 Nubeena Cres, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shahzad MM, Butt W, Hussain Z, Rehman RA, Khan MKA, Hussain M, Noureen A, Bashir S, Tariq M, Rafique MT, Khalid F, Rashid H, Akhtar K, Tahir L. Use of multi-strain probiotics in linseed meal based diet for Labeo rohita fingerlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246727. [PMID: 34468521 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unavailability of probiotics in fish digestive system fingerlings is unable to digest and absorb their food properly. The current research was conducted to investigate the influence of probiotics added Linseed meal based (LMB) diet on hematology and carcass composition of Labeo rohita juveniles. Hematological parameters are essential diagnostics used to estimate the health status of fish. The usage of probiotics for fish health improvement is becoming common due to the higher demand for environment-friendly culture system in water. Linseed meal was used as a test ingredient to prepare six experimental test diets by adding probiotics (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg) and 1% indigestible chromic oxide for seventy days. According to their live wet weight, five percent feed was given to fingerlings twice a day. Fish blood and carcass samples (Whole body) were taken for hematological and carcass analysis at the end of the experiment. The highest carcass composition (crude protein; 18.72%, crude fat; 8.80% and gross energy; 2.31 kcal/g) was observed in fish fed with test diet II supplemented with probiotics (2 g/kg). Moreover, maximum RBCs number (2.62× 106mm-3), WBCs (7.84×103mm-3), PCV (24.61), platelets (63.85) and hemoglobin (7.87) had also been reported in the fish fingerlings fed on 2 g/kg of probiotics supplemented diet. Results indicated that probiotics supplementation has a critical role in improvement of fingerlings' body composition and hematological indices. Present findings showed that probiotics supplementation at 2 g/kg level in linseed by-product-based diet was very useful for enhancing the overall performance of L. rohita fingerlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Shahzad
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Butt
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z Hussain
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R A Rehman
- University of Health Sciences Lahore, Department of Forensic Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M K A Khan
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Noureen
- University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Bashir
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Tariq
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M T Rafique
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Khalid
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Rashid
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Akhtar
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - L Tahir
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Langlois L, Akhtar N, Tam KC, Dixon B, Reid G. Fishing for the right probiotic: Host-microbe interactions at the interface of effective aquaculture strategies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6284803. [PMID: 34037775 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective aquaculture management strategies are paramount to global food security. Growing demands stimulate the intensification of production and create the need for practices that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Importantly, pathogenic microbes continue to be detrimental to fish growth and survival. In terms of host health, the intestinal mucosa and its associated consortium of microbes have a critical role in modulating fitness and present an attractive opportunity to promote health at this interface. In light of this, the administration of probiotic microorganisms is being considered as a means to restore and sustain health in fish. Current evidence suggests that certain probiotic strains might be able to augment immunity, enhance growth rate, and protect against infection in salmonids, the most economically important family of farmed finfish. This review affirms the relevance of host-microbe interactions in salmonids in light of emerging evidence, with an emphasis on intestinal health. In addition, the current understanding of the mode of action of probiotics in salmonid fish is discussed, along with delivery systems that can effectively carry the living microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Langlois
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 5C1, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 5C1, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Care London, 268 Grosvenor St, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghodrati M, Rajabi Islami H, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shenavar Masouleh A, Shamsaie Mehrgan M. Combined effects of enzymes and probiotics on hemato-biochemical parameters and immunological responses of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:116-124. [PMID: 33713825 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week feeding trial was run to investigate the separate and simultaneous effects of exogenous enzymes (Enz), probiotics (Pro), and Pro-Enz mixtures on the hematology indices, serum biochemical parameters, and innate-immunity status of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. The fish (138.06 ± 3.64 g) were randomly dispersed into 12 tanks (20 individuals per tank) and fed with Enz (Phytase, protease, and xylanase), Pro (Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis), and Pro-Enz cocktail. At the end of the feeding bioassay, the highest values of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and lymphocyte percentage followed by the lowest neutrophil percentage were obtained in Pro-Enz treatment (P < 0.05). Despite a significantly lower level of alkaline phosphatase in the fish fed with Pro supplemented diet (P < 0.05), no significant difference was found in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Total protein content was significantly upregulated in serum and skin mucus samples from those fed with supplemented diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In both serum and skin mucus samples, higher immune responses in terms of lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M, total protein was seen in Pro-Enz treatment compared to the control group followed by the serum complement components (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the combinational supplementation of Siberian sturgeon diet with the exogenous enzymes and probiotics modulates the physiometabolic responses and innate immune system to a higher grade than their individual supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghodrati
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Rajabi Islami
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Shenavar Masouleh
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Semple SL, Dixon B. Salmonid Antibacterial Immunity: An Aquaculture Perspective. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E331. [PMID: 33050557 PMCID: PMC7599743 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is continuously threatened by infectious diseases, including those of bacterial origin. Regardless of the disease burden, aquaculture is already the main method for producing fish protein, having displaced capture fisheries. One attractive sector within this industry is the culture of salmonids, which are (a) uniquely under pressure due to overfishing and (b) the most valuable finfish per unit of weight. There are still knowledge gaps in the understanding of fish immunity, leading to vaccines that are not as effective as in terrestrial species, thus a common method to combat bacterial disease outbreaks is the use of antibiotics. Though effective, this method increases both the prevalence and risk of generating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To facilitate vaccine design and/or alternative treatment efforts, a deeper understanding of the teleost immune system is essential. This review highlights the current state of teleost antibacterial immunity in the context of salmonid aquaculture. Additionally, the success of current techniques/methods used to combat bacterial diseases in salmonid aquaculture will be addressed. Filling the immunology knowledge gaps highlighted here will assist in reducing aquaculture losses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Terminal Ileitis due to Yersinia Infection: An Underdiagnosed Situation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1240626. [PMID: 32566652 PMCID: PMC7273408 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1240626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopy is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The presence of macroscopic lesions along with the microscopic detection of inflammatory infiltration in the terminal ileum often leads the gastroenterologist to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, some of these cases could be, in fact, an infection caused by Yersinia spp., accompanied or not with CD, which could be easily diagnosed with the identification of serum antibodies against Yersinia outer protein antigens (YOP antigens). Since Yersiniosis is considered to be an uncommon situation, food and water are not usually checked for the possibility of contamination by Yersinia. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the true prevalence of Yersinia infection in patients with terminal ileitis is probably underestimated. In this article, we review the most important data regarding the various aspects of Yersinia infection with special focus on its pathophysiology and diagnosis. We recommend testing for serum antibodies against YOP antigens in all patients with an endoscopic and histological image of terminal ileitis in order to identify Yersiniosis in conjunction or not with terminal ileum CD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Khalafalla MM, Ibrahim SA, Zayed MM, Awad MN, Mohamed RA. Effect of a Dietary Mixture of Beneficial Bacteria on Growth Performance, Health Condition, Chemical Composition, and Water Quality of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1764685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malik M. Khalafalla
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Safinaz A. Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Zayed
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N. Awad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Radi A. Mohamed
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Foysal MJ, Fotedar R, Siddik MAB, Tay A. Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum improve health status, modulate gut microbiota and innate immune response of marron (Cherax cainii). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5916. [PMID: 32246011 PMCID: PMC7125160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of two most potent probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on overall health and immune status of freshwater crayfish, marron under laboratory conditions. A total of 36 marron were distributed into six different tanks and two different feeding groups, control and probiotic-fed group. After acclimation, control group was fed with basal diet while probiotic group was fed 109 CFU/mL per kg of bacterial supplemented feed for 60 days. The results showed no significant differences in weight gain, however, probiotic feed significantly enhanced some hemolymph parameters and biochemical composition of tail muscle. Histology data revealed better hepatopancreas health and higher microvilli counts in the marron gut fed probiotic diet. The probiotic bacteria triggered significant shift of microbial communities at different taxa level, mostly those reported as beneficial for crayfish. The probiotic diet also enriched the metabolic functions and genes associated with innate immune response of crayfish. Further correlation analysis revealed significant association of some taxa with increased activity for hemolymph and immune genes. Therefore, dietary Lactobacillus supplementation can modulate the overall health and immunity as well as gut microbial composition and interaction network between gut microbiota and immune system in crayfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang W, Ji H, Zhang D, Liu H, Wang S, Wang J, Wang Y. Complete Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001, a Potential Probiotic That Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Defense Against Pathogens in Pigs. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1689. [PMID: 30542296 PMCID: PMC6277807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shafie S, Soltani E, Soltani M, Hazrati SM. Adjuvant efficacy of G2 (buffalo spleen extraction) against Yersinia septicemia in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:115-120. [PMID: 30092257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant effect of G2 (extraction of buffalo spleen) was assessed in intraperitoneally immunized rainbow trout (100-150 g) with killed- Y. ruckeri bacterin biotype I [0.1 mL (1 × 107 cells/fish) of vaccine diluted with the adjuvant in a ratio of 1:1 (V/V)] at 12.4 ± 1.3 °C for 10 weeks. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, anti-Y. ruckeri antibody titer and relative percent survival (RPS) in fish vaccinated with vaccine containing the adjuvant were significantly higher than the immunized fish with Y. ruckeri antigen alone throughout the experiment (P < 0.05), but neutrophils count and lysozyme activity were mostly significantly higher in the latter group (P < 0.05). No difference was seen in the complement activity between vaccinated fish containing the adjuvant and vaccine alone (P > 0.05). The results of this work for the first time demonstrated that inclusion of G2 as an adjuvant in Y. urckeri vaccine can improve the efficacy of the vaccine against Yersinia septicemia in rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafigh Shafie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia.
| | - Saleh Mohaghegh Hazrati
- Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dr Mohaghegh Foundation of Research Industrial Biotechnology, 16 Azar Steet, Keshavarz Bolvard, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, Doan HV, Beck BR, Song SK. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Finfish-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1818. [PMID: 30147679 PMCID: PMC6096003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic community of microorganisms, play important roles within the fish gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Of the bacteria colonizing the GI tract, are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) generally considered as favorable microorganism due to their abilities to stimulating host GI development, digestive function, mucosal tolerance, stimulating immune response, and improved disease resistance. In early finfish studies, were culture-dependent methods used to enumerate bacterial population levels within the GI tract. However, due to limitations by using culture methods, culture-independent techniques have been used during the last decade. These investigations have revealed the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, and Pediococcus as indigenous species. Numerous strains of LAB isolated from finfish are able to produce antibacterial substances toward different potential fish pathogenic bacteria as well as human pathogens. LAB are revealed be the most promising bacterial genera as probiotic in aquaculture. During the decade numerous investigations are performed on evaluation of probiotic properties of different genus and species of LAB. Except limited contradictory reports, most of administered strains displayed beneficial effects on both, growth-and reproductive performance, immune responses and disease resistance of finfish. This eventually led to industrial scale up and introduction LAB-based commercial probiotics. Pathogenic LAB belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, and Lactococcus have been detected from ascites, kidney, liver, heart, and spleen of several finfish species. These pathogenic bacteria will be addressed in present review which includes their impacts on finfish aquaculture, possible routes for treatment. Finfish share many common structures and functions of the immune system with warm-blooded animals, although apparent differences exist. This similarity in the immune system may result in many shared LAB effects between finfish and land animals. LAB-fed fish show an increase in innate immune activities leading to disease resistances: neutrophil activity, lysozyme secretion, phagocytosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). However, some LAB strains preferentially induces IL-10 instead, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results indicate that LAB may vary in their immunological effects depending on the species and hosts. So far, the immunological studies using LAB have been focused on their effects on innate immunity. However, these studies need to be further extended by investigating their involvement in the modulation of adaptive immunity. The present review paper focuses on recent findings in the field of isolation and detection of LAB, their administration as probiotic in aquaculture and their interaction with fish immune responses. Furthermore, the mode of action of probiotics on finfish are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ringø
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|