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Andrés S, Gini C, Ceciliani F, Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Arteche-Villasol N, Martín A, Cremonesi P, Faré F, Ghaffari MH, Giráldez FJ, Abdennebi-Najar L. Essential oil supplementation in milk replacers: short- and long-term impacts on feed efficiency, the faecal microbiota and the plasma metabolome in dairy calves. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2024; 15:e5. [PMID: 38563206 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174424000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Early supplementation with oregano essential oil (EO) in milk replacer (MR) may improve growth, immune responses, the microbiota and the metabolome in dairy calves during pre-weaning and in adulthood. Sixteen female dairy calves (3 days of age) were divided in two groups (n = 8/group): the control group (no EO) and the EO group (0.23 ml of EO in MR during 45 days). After weaning, calves were kept in a feedlot and fed ad libitum. The animals were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on days 3 (T0), 45 (T1) and 370 (T2) to measure the biochemical profile and characterise peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD21+ and WC1+), the metabolome and microbiota composition. The EO group only had greater average daily weight gain during the suckling (EO supplementation) period (P = 0.030). The EO group showed higher average CD14+ population (monocytes) values, a lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Alloprevotella and increased abundances of Allistipes and Akkermansia. The modification of some metabolites in plasma, such as butyric acid, 3-indole-propionic acid and succinic acid, particularly at T1, are consistent with intestinal microbiota changes. The data suggest that early EO supplementation increases feed efficiency only during the suckling period with notable changes in the microbiota and plasma metabolome; however, not all of these changes can be considered desirable from a gut health point of view. Additional research studies is required to demonstrate that EOs are a viable natural alternative to antibiotics for improving calf growth performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Chiara Gini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Noive Arteche-Villasol
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alba Martín
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, IBBA-CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Faré
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Morteza Hosseini Ghaffari
- Institute for Animal Science Physiology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Javier Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Latifa Abdennebi-Najar
- Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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McDaneld TG, Eicher SD, Dickey A, Kritchevsky JE, Bryan KA, Chitko-McKown CG. Probiotics in milk replacer affect the microbiome of the lung in neonatal dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1298570. [PMID: 38249465 PMCID: PMC10797021 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1298570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics have been investigated for their many health benefits and impact on the microbiota of the gut. Recent data have also supported a gut-lung axis regarding the bacterial populations (microbiomes) of the two locations; however, little research has been performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on the microbiome of the bovine respiratory tract. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would result in changes in the lung microbiome as measured in lung lavage fluid. Our overall goal was to characterize bacterial populations in the lungs of calves fed probiotics in milk replacer and dry rations from birth to weaning. Methods A group of 20 dairy calves was split into two treatment groups: probiotic (TRT; N = 10, milk replacer +5 g/d probiotics; Bovamine Dairy, Chr. Hansen, Inc., Milwaukee, WI) and control (CON; N = 10, milk replacer only). On day 0, birth weight was obtained, and calves were provided colostrum as per the dairy SOP. On day 2, probiotics were added to the milk replacer of the treated group and then included in their dry ration. Lung lavages were performed on day 52 on five random calves selected from each treatment group. DNA was extracted from lavage fluid, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene hypervariable regions 1-3 were amplified by PCR and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for the identification of the bacterial taxa present. Taxa were classified into both operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Results Overall, the evaluation of these samples revealed that the bacterial genera identified in the lung lavage samples of probiotic-fed calves as compared to the control calves were significantly different based on the OTU dataset (p < 0.05) and approached significance for the ASV dataset (p < 0.06). Additionally, when comparing the diversity of taxa in lung lavage samples to nasal and tonsil samples, taxa diversity of lung samples was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, analysis of the respiratory microbiome in lung lavage samples after probiotic treatment provides insight into the distribution of bacterial populations in response to oral probiotics and demonstrates that oral probiotics affect more than the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G. McDaneld
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Susan D. Eicher
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA, ARS, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Dickey
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Janice E. Kritchevsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Schwaiger K, Storch J, Bauer C, Bauer J. Lactobacillus ( Limosilactobacillus) reuteri: a probiotic candidate to reduce neonatal diarrhea in calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266905. [PMID: 37854332 PMCID: PMC10579909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea in newborn calves is considered life-threatening and results in large economic losses in dairy farms. Lactobacilli generally play an important role in intestinal health, and Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus; L.) reuteri is the dominant Lactobacillus species in the feces of healthy calves during the first week of life. In calves with diarrhea on day 2 postpartum, lactobacilli are significantly reduced even up to 24 h before the onset of clinical signs. Since the probability of occurrence of diarrheal disease decreases as the L. reuteri count in the feces increases, oral administration of this species might have a protective effect against diarrhea. Objective These studies were designed to demonstrate whether oral administration of preselected L. reuteri isolates can reduce the incidence of diarrhea in newborn calves on dairy farms. Microorganisms 46 L. reuteri isolates from 2-day-old healthy calves were available from a previous study. Animals 170 newborn calves of Simmental breed of 10 dairy farms in Bavaria (Germany), were included in the study; of 166 animals the data could be evaluated. Methods Microbiological (antibiotic sensitivity test, acid and bile salt stability test, antimicrobial activity of the supernatants), molecular biological (PCR, RAPD-PCR) and toxicological methods (MTT test) were used to select and to characterize suitable L. reuteri isolates. The administration of a suspension of two selected L. reuteri isolates (6-8 × 108 colony forming units per day) to calves was performed from day 2 to day 5 after birth in a double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Clinical monitoring of the calves continued until the 14th day of life. Results Out of 46 L. reuteri isolates, only 2 met the set criteria and were used in the feeding trial. In the placebo group, 44 of 83 calves developed diarrhea within the first 2 weeks of life, whereas in the L. reuteri group this was only the case in 31 of 83 animals (p < 0.05). Conclusion L. reuteri appears to be of particular importance for the intestinal health of newborn calves. The diarrhea protective effect could be even more pronounced if an improved administration regimen is developed in terms of start, frequency, and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schwaiger
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Storch
- Veterinary Office Landratsamt Fürstenfeldbruck, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Department of Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Chair of Animal Hygiene, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Li W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Bian H, Yu S, Huang L, Ma W. Complex probiotics alleviate ampicillin-induced antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156058. [PMID: 37125182 PMCID: PMC10145528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect during antibiotic treatment, which can cause dysbacteriosis of the gut microbiota. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects in AAD treatment with Bifidobacterium lactis XLTG11, Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9. However, no studies have been conducted on the immunomodulatory effects and protective intestinal barrier function of four complex probiotics. The aim of our study is to investigate the alleviation effects of complex probiotics on ampicillin-induced AAD. Methods Thirty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), low-, medium-, and high-dose probiotics groups (LD, MD, and HD), and positive drug (Bifico, 1 × 107 cfu) control group (PDC; Bifico, also known as Bifidobacterium Triple Live Capsule, is composed of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis). An AAD model was established by intragastric administration of ampicillin, by gavage of different doses of complex probiotics and Bifico. The weight gain, fecal water content, loose stool grade, intestinal permeability, total protein and albumin levels, intestinal barrier, cytokine levels, and gut microbiota were determined. Results The results showed that complex probiotics significantly decreased the fecal water content, loose stool grade, intestinal permeability, and ileum tissue damage. Their application increased the weight gain, SIgA, TP, and ALB levels. Additionally, complex probiotics significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased those of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and MUC2 were significantly upregulated in the probiotic-treated group. Furthermore, the complex probiotics increased the gut microbiota diversity and modulated the changes in the gut microbiota composition caused by ampicillin. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the HD group was lower than that in the MC group, whereas that of Bacteroidetes was higher. At the genus level, the abundances of Klebsiella and Parabacteroides in the HD group were lower, whereas those of Bacteroides, Muribaculaceae, and Lactobacillus were higher than those in the MC group. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis also found that several specific gut microbiota were significantly correlated with AAD-related indicators. Conclusion We found that complex probiotics improved the diarrhea-related indexes, regulated gut microbiota composition and diversity, increased the expression levels of intestinal protective barrier-related genes, preserved the intestinal barrier function, and relieved inflammation and intestinal injury, thereby effectively improving AAD-associated symptoms. Graphical Abstract.
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Chen H, Liu Y, Huang K, Yang B, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Wang J. Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:132. [PMID: 36307885 PMCID: PMC9616619 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young calves, resulting in considerable economic loss for dairy farms. To determine if some gut microbes might have resistance to dysbiotic process with calf diarrhea by dictating the microbial co-occurrence patterns from birth to post-weaning, we examined the dynamic development of the gut microbiota and diarrhea status using two animal trials, with the first trial having 14 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples were collected 18 times over 78 d from birth to 15 d post-weaning and the second trial having 43 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples were collected daily from 8 to 18 days of age corresponding to the first diarrhea peak of trial 1. RESULTS Metataxonomic analysis of the fecal microbiota showed that the development of gut microbiota had three age periods with birth and weaning as the separatrices. Two diarrhea peaks were observed during the transition of the three age periods. Fusobacteriaceae was identified as a diarrhea-associated taxon both in the early stage and during weaning, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was another increased genus among diarrheic calves in the early stage. In the neonatal calves, Prevotella_2 (ASV4 and ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), and Alloprevotella (ASV14) were negatively associated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48), the keystone taxa of the diarrhea-phase module. During weaning, unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28 and ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Barnesiella (ASV497), and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254) were identified being associated with non-diarrheic status, and they aggregated in the non-diarrhea module of co-occurrence patterns wherein unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28) and Barnesiella (ASV497) had a direct negative relationship with the members of the diarrhea module. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamic successions of calf gut microbiota and the interactions among some bacteria could influence calf diarrhea, and some species of Prevotella might be the core microbiota in both neonatal and weaning calves, while species of Muribaculaceae might be the core microbiota in weaning calves for preventing calf diarrhea. Some ASVs affiliated with Prevotella_2 (ASV4 and ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), Alloprevotella (AVS14), unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28 and ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254), and Barnesiella (ASV497) might be proper probiotics for preventing calf diarrhea whereas Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48) might be the biomarker for diarrhea risk in specific commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yalu Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kailang Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jiakun Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Nalla K, Manda NK, Dhillon HS, Kanade SR, Rokana N, Hess M, Puniya AK. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805963. [PMID: 35756055 PMCID: PMC9218901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest on probiotics to enhance weight gain and disease resistance in young calves and to improve the milk yield in lactating animals by reducing the negative energy balance during the peak lactation period. While it has been well established that probiotics modulate the microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract, and a probiotic-mediated homeostasis in the rumen could improve feed conversation competence, volatile fatty acid production and nitrogen flow that enhances the milk composition as well as milk production, detailed changes on the molecular and metabolic level prompted by probiotic feed additives are still not understood. Moreover, as living biotherapeutic agents, probiotics have the potential to directly change the gene expression profile of animals by activating the signalling cascade in the host cells. Various direct and indirect components of probiotic approaches to improve the productivity of dairy animals are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar Nalla
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Manda
- Department of Biosensors and Nanotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Matthias Hess
- Systems Microbiology and Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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