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Jafari F, Maghsood AH, Fallah M, Jalilvand A, Matini M, Amini B. Design highly Sensitive Nano-biosensor for Diagnosis of Hydatid Cyst Based on Gold Nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hassanain MA, Toaleb NI, Shaapan RM, Hassanain NA, Maher A, Yousif AB. Immunological detection of human and camel cystic echinococcosis using different antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, protoscoleces, and germinal layers. Vet World 2021; 14:270-275. [PMID: 33642814 PMCID: PMC7896894 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.270-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is one of the most prevalent neglected zoonotic diseases. It is initially asymptomatic and does not produce any clinical signs until the cyst becomes enlarged, causing localized pressure on internal organs and tissues. Therefore, the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antibodies is highly essential. This study evaluated the antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, protoscoleces, and germinal layers for efficient immunological diagnosis of CE in humans and camels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydatid cyst fluid (FLc), protoscoleces (Psc), and the germinal layer (GLc) antigens were prepared from camel-lung hydatid cysts. In the same way, hydatid cyst fluid (FLh) and protoscoleces (Psh) antigens from human-liver cyst aspirate were produced. The comparative immunodiagnostic efficacy of the prepared antigens was verified using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting. RESULTS ELISA proves that FLc and GLc antigens were higher than FLh and Psh antigens. This shows that binding reactivity in naturally infected human sera, camel sera, and Psc is the most potent, exhibiting 100% sensitivity with 78.26% and 76.47% specificity in camel and human sera, respectively. The CE prevalence using diagnostic Psc was 54.79% and 61.32% in tested human and camel sera, respectively. The electrophoretic profiles of all shared antigens showed similarities at 52, 41, and 22 kDa. Immunoblotting demonstrated common immune-reactive bands in all antigen types at 52 and 41 kDa against positive human and camel sera. CONCLUSION This immunological study introduces camel hydatid cyst Psc as a potent diagnostic antigen and new immune-reactive fractions of 52 and 41 kDa for diagnosing hydatidosis in humans and camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohey A. Hassanain
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I. Toaleb
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Center, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Raafat M. Shaapan
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nawal A. Hassanain
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Maher
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Ramadan RM, Khalifa MM, El-Akkad DM, Abdel-Wahab AM, El-Bahy MM. Animal hydatid cyst genotypes as a potential substitute for human hydatid cyst as a source of antigen for diagnosis of zoonotichydatidosis. J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:424-434. [PMID: 34295041 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diagnosis of hydatidosis is still an unsolved issue due to difficulties in obtaining of patient's hydatid cyst appropriate for antigen extraction. This study evaluated the suitability of HC protoscolices somatic antigens (HCPsS-Ag) fractions from animal origin to substitute that extracted from HC of patients in diagnosis of hydatidosis using enzyme-linked immunoelectro-transfer blot and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eight fractions in HC-G6 from patients react specifically versus HC-G6 infected patient's sera. Five of them (28, 32, 38, 59 and 89 Kilo Dalton (KDa) and two of them (28 KDa and 45 KDa) reacted versus HC-G1 and HC-G4 infected sheep and equine sera, respectively. Six fractions in HCPsS-Ag-G1 of sheep react versus HC-G1 sheep infected sera, four (28, 32, 52 and 58 KDa) and two of them reacted versus HC-G6 and HC-G4 infected patient and equine sera, respectively. Two fractions only in HCPsS-Ag-G4 of equine reacted versus infected human and sheep sera. This fraction displayed the same degree of ELISA value versus different infected sera with a significantly perfect classification for kappa agreement and non-statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) for ELISA Optical density values of the positive samples without cross-reaction versus other parasites antibodies in sera. HCPsS-Ag from HC genotypes that developed in humans and animals as HC-G6 and HC-G1 can substitute each other for diagnosis of infection than antigens extracted from non-zoonotic HC-G4. The fraction at 28 KDa is the only fraction that can be extracted from any animals HC and used in diagnosis of zoonotic hydatidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Ramadan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalifa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Dina M El-Akkad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Bahy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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Ibrahim Ali M, Abdel Gawad Mousa Ismail M, Abd-Elftah Abd-Allah G, Abdel-Latif M, Mohamed Shaapan R, Salah H, Sayed Abdel Gawad S, Abu-Sarea EY. Toxoplasmosis in Schizophrenic Patients: Immune-diagnosis and Serum Dopamine Level. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1131-1137. [PMID: 32981244 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1131.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite widely distributed all over the world. It has been associated with various psychiatric conditions as schizophrenia. This study aiming to evaluate the association between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia and to estimate the effect of T. gondii infection on the serum dopamine level among schizophrenic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted over 45 schizophrenic patients and 44 normal controls. Serum IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected by a commercial ELISA Kit. The immunoblotting method was performed for the detection of IgG anti-Toxoplasma dopamine was detected by the human dopamine ELISA kit. RESULTS Anti-T. gondii IgM was negative in all the 90 studied individuals. However, anti-T. gondii IgG was positive in 25 schizophrenic patients (55.6%) and 13 normal healthy controls (28.9%). Immunoblotting showed stronger specific reaction to proteins with molecular weights 50 and 60 kDa by +ve IgG schizophrenic patients. The serum dopamine level among schizophrenic patients was increased as compared to healthy controls (47.22 and 25.79%, respectively; p <0.001). In addition, the dopamine levels in +ve IgG were higher than those of -ve IgG schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that chronic T. gondii infection causes high dopamine levels that may lead to schizophrenia. About 55% of schizophrenic patients showed positive IgG reactions to Toxoplasma within this population, the dopamine levels were higher than seronegative population and revealed both 50 and 60 kDa proteins band specific to Toxoplasma.
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Zhu S, Zimmerman D, Deem SL. A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:356-377. [PMID: 31140075 PMCID: PMC7087575 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dromedary, or one-humped, camels Camelus dromedarius are an almost exclusively domesticated species that are common in arid areas as both beasts of burden and production animals for meat and milk. Currently, there are approximately 30 million dromedary camels, with highest numbers in Africa and the Middle East. The hardiness of camels in arid regions has made humans more dependent on them, especially as a stable protein source. Camels also carry and may transmit disease-causing agents to humans and other animals. The ability for camels to act as a point source or vector for disease is a concern due to increasing human demands for meat, lack of biosafety and biosecurity protocols in many regions, and a growth in the interface with wildlife as camel herds become sympatric with non-domestic species. We conducted a literature review of camel-borne zoonotic diseases and found that the majority of publications (65%) focused on Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), brucellosis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Rift Valley fever. The high fatality from MERS outbreaks during 2012-2016 elicited an immediate response from the research community as demonstrated by a surge of MERS-related publications. However, we contend that other camel-borne diseases such as Yersinia pestis, Coxiella burnetii, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever are just as important to include in surveillance efforts. Camel populations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, are increasing exponentially in response to prolonged droughts, and thus, the risk of zoonoses increases as well. In this review, we provide an overview of the major zoonotic diseases present in dromedary camels, their risk to humans, and recommendations to minimize spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Zhu
- Graduate Group in Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Dawn Zimmerman
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Tianli L, Xifeng W, Zhenzhong T, Lixia W, Xingxing Z, Jun Q, Qingling M, Shasha G, Ying C, Xuepeng C. Multi-Epitope Fusion Protein Eg mefAg-1 as a Serodiagnostic Candidate for Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:61-67. [PMID: 30840802 PMCID: PMC6409221 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in sheep is a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus (Eg). At present, serological test is an important diagnostic method for Eg infection in domestic animals. Here, a fusion protein Eg mefAg-1 harboring 8 dominant B-cell epitopes of Eg such as antigen B, tetraspanin 1, tetraspanin 6, reticulon and Eg95 was produced in E. coli and evaluated for CE in sheep by indirect ELISA. Eg mefAg-1 showed in ELISA a high sensitivity (93.41%) and specificity (99.31%), with a coincidence rate of 97.02%. Overall, it is suggested that the Eg mefAg-1 could be a potential antigen candidate for CE serodiagnosis in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tianli
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wang Xifeng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Tian Zhenzhong
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wang Lixia
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhang Xingxing
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Qiao Jun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Meng Qingling
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Gong Shasha
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Chen Ying
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Cai Xuepeng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
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Gawad Mous MA, Rabie Aly I, Abu-Sarea EY, Abdel Gawa SS, Mohamed Sh R. Application of Latex Agglutination and Sandwich ELISA in
Detection of Human Hydatidosis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2019.30.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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