1
|
Yousefi M, Akbari M, Hadipour M, Dehkordi AB, Farahbakhsh Z, Darani HY. Parasites as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8027-8038. [PMID: 36949175 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Parasites and cancers have some common antigens. Much scientific evidence in the human population, animal models, and in vitro experiments exhibit that parasites have significant anti-cancer effects. The larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzy, Plasmodium's, and Trichinella spiralis are among the parasites that have been subjects of anti-cancer research in the last decades. Anti-tumor effects of parasites may be due to the direct impact of the parasites per se or indirectly due to the immune response raised against common antigens between malignant cells and parasites. This manuscript reviews the anti-cancer effects of parasites and possible mechanisms of these effects. Options for using parasites or their antigens for cancer treatment in the future have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadesmail Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh Hadipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azar Balouti Dehkordi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Farahbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asouli A, Sadr S, Mohebalian H, Borji H. Anti-Tumor Effect of Protoscolex Hydatid Cyst Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562. Acta Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11686-023-00680-3. [PMID: 36991291 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Today, cancer is one of the most important causes of death in the world, and so far, many treatment methods have been used in this field. Immunotherapy is considered one of the newest developments in this science, and it is still being investigated in some forms in different cancers and with a variety of antigens as well. One of the subsets of cancer immunotherapy is its treatment using parasitic antigens. The present study evaluated the effect of using somatic antigens of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus on K562 cancer cells. METHODS In this study, hydatid cysts' protoscolex antigens were extracted, purified, and added to K562 cancer cells at three concentrations (0.1, 1, and 2 mg/ml) and on three times (24, 48, and 72 h). The number of apoptotic cells was compared to the control flask. The antigen concentration of 2 mg/ml was used as a control sample to investigate its cytotoxic effect on the growth of healthy HFF3 cells. Annexin V and PI tests were also performed to differentiate apoptosis from necrosis. RESULTS In flasks treated with hydatid cyst protoscolex antigen, all three concentrations significantly reduced the growth of cancer cells compared with the control flask, and concentration 2 of crude antigen significantly caused the death of cancer cells. Furthermore, more cancer cells underwent apoptosis by increasing the time of exposure to the antigen. On the other hand, flow cytometry results also showed that the amount of apoptosis has increased compared to the control group. In fact, Protoscolex hydatid cyst somatic antigens induce programmed cell death in K562 cancer cells while not having a cytotoxic effect on normal cells. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is suggested to do more research on the anti-cancer and therapeutic properties of the antigens of this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Asouli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Mohebalian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Motavallihaghi S, Tanzadehpanah H, Soleimani Asl S, Shojaeian A, Yousefimashouf M, Barati N. In vitro anticancer activity of hydatid cyst fluid on colon cancer cell line (C26). EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. Some parasites are introduced as an antineoplastic agents that can inhibit the progress of some cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crude hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) on clone cancer cell line (C26).
Methods
HCF was isolated from hydatid cysts by syringe, and at the first, its toxicity was obtained by 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometer, and also the expression of Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
Results
The amount of apoptosis was increased in B antigen-treated cell lines in comparison with the control group. Also, the expression of BAX was increased in the treated group, while the BCL2 expression was decreased in comparison with the control one. Cell cycle analysis in the antigen-treated group compared to the other groups showed that the cells were more in the G0/G1 phase, as well as in the G2/M phase, and fewer cells were in the synthesis phase.
Conclusion
Our finding showed that HCF possibly contains active compounds and can limit the growth and development of C26 cell line by reducing or increasing the genes involved in apoptosis and finally the effect on the cell cycle.
Graphical Abstract
Collapse
|
4
|
Bahadory S, Sadraei J, Zibaei M, Pirestani M, Dalimi A. In vitro anti-gastrointestinal cancer activity of Toxocara canis-derived peptide: Analyzing the expression level of factors related to cell proliferation and tumor growth. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878724. [PMID: 36204226 PMCID: PMC9530354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, a hypothesis about the negative relationship between cancers and parasites has been proposed and investigated; some parasitic worms and their products can affect the cancer cell proliferation. Due to the potential anti-cancer effect of helminthic parasites, in the present study, the excretory–secretory protein of Toxocara canis (T. canis) parasite was used to evaluate the possible anti-cancer properties and their effect on gastrointestinal and liver cancer cell proliferation-related genes in laboratory conditions. Methods and materials: The selected synthesized peptide fraction from the T. canis excretory–secretory Troponin protein peptide (ES TPP) was exposed at 32, 64, 128, and 256 μg/ml concentrations to three gastrointestinal cancer cell lines AGS, HT-29, and Caco 2, as well as HDF cells as normal cell lines. We used the MTT assay to evaluate cellular changes and cell viability (CV). Variations in gene (Bcl-2, APAF1, ZEB1, VEGF, cyclin-D1, and caspase-3) expression were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Results: After 24 h of exposure to pept1ides and cell lines, a decrease in CV was observed at a concentration of 64 μg/ml and compared to the control group. Then, after 48 h, a significant decrease in the CV of Caco 2 cells was observed at a concentration of 32 μg/ml; in the other cancer cell lines, concentrations above 32 μg/ml were effective. The peptide was able to significantly alter the expression of the studied genes at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Conclusion: Although the studied peptide at high concentrations could have a statistically significant effect on cancer cells, it is still far from the standard drug and can be optimized and promising in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadraei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Javid Sadraei,
| | - Mohammad Zibaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eslahi AV, Olfatifar M, Houshmand E, Abdoli A, Bijani B, Hashemipour S, Mahmoudi R, Hajialilo E, Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar M, Mohammadzadeh AR, Badri M. Parasites in surgically removed appendices as a neglected public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathog Glob Health 2021; 116:341-355. [PMID: 34842078 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.2008701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of various parasitic infections in the occurrence of appendicitis is illustrated through cases recorded all over the world. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the global prevalence of parasite infestation (other than E. vermicularis) in appendectomy specimens.In the setting of the PRISMA guidelines, multiple databases (Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were explored in articles published until 28 September 2020. Totally, 62 studies (106 datasets) with 77, 619 participants were included in the analysis.The pooled prevalence of parasites in appendectomy samples was as follows; 0.012% (95% CI; 0.004-0.025) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.004% (95% CI; 0.001-0.009) for Trichuris trichiura, 0.025% (95% CI; 0.007-0.052) for Schistosoma mansoni, 0.002% (95% CI; 0.001-0.005) for Taenia spp., 0.061% (95% CI; 0.020-0.122) for Entamoeba histolytica and 0.034% (95% CI; 0.018-0.056) for Giardia lamblia.Our results demonstrated that the risk of appendicitis may increase in the presence of helminth and protozoan infections. As such, the most cases of parasites in appendectomy specimens were reported in developing countries. Regular screening plans for diagnosis, treatment and prevention are needed for prevention of parasitic infection as well as parasitic associated appendicitis, especially in endemic regions of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Vafae Eslahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Houshmand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Behzad Bijani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kosar Hospital, Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elham Hajialilo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Ali Reza Mohammadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Qods Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yasen A, Wang M, Ran B, Lv G, Aji T, Xiao H, Shao Y, Wen H. Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces promotes proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:13-22. [PMID: 33505110 PMCID: PMC7817750 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There may exist a connection between Echinococcus granulosus infection and cancer development. Here, it is aimed to investigate specific effects of E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs) on the proliferation and invasion capacities of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and ex vitro. HepG2 cells were cultured with different quantities of E. granulosus PSCs in vitro. MTT analysis was used to evaluate effects of E. granulosus PSCs on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Besides, scratch and transwell assays were respectively used for the detection of HepG2 cells migration and invasion capacities after co-culture with E. granulosus PSCs. Then, HepG2 cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice with or without E. granulosus PSCs. From the 25th day of transplantation, the volume of subcutaneous lesions was measured every four days. At the 37th day, subcutaneous lesions were removed and their weight was evaluated. H&E staining was used for detecting basic pathological changes. HepG2 cells grew well without obvious morphological changes. Proliferation rate and migration capacity of HepG2 cells were higher in the co-culture group than the control group, which was closely associated with quantities of E. granulosus PSCs and co-culture time length. Moreover, HepG2 cells co-cultured with E. granulosus PSCs had stronger invasion ability than the control HepG2 cells. Importantly, there existed significant differences in the volume and weight of subcutaneous lesions after transplanting HepG2 cells with E. granulosus PSCs than the control group. HepG2 cells were also more pathologically heterogeneous in morphology after transplantation with E. granulosus PSCs. Thus, E. granulosus PSCs may promote proliferation and invasion of HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimaiti Yasen
- Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Ran
- The First Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Lv
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Badri M, Ghaffarifar F, Hassan ZM, Dalimi A, Cortes H. Immunoregulatory Effects of Somatic Extract of Toxocara canis on Airway Inflammations in Murine Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 15:500-510. [PMID: 33884007 PMCID: PMC8039495 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: The immunomodulatory role of many parasites is well-documented. The current study designed to assess the immunoregulatory effects of the somatic extract (SE) of Toxocara canis on murine model of airway inflammations. Methods: The experiment was performed in department of parasitology of Tarbiat Mo-dares University, Tehran, Iran from November 2018 to May 2019. Totally 30 female BALB/c mice divided into one control group and two experimental groups (10 mice in each group). The ovalbumin (OVA) group was sensitized with OVA in alum, while the SE group was administered with SE and OVA in alum intraperitoneally. The control group was injected with PBS in alum. Then, SE and OVA groups were intranasally challenged with OVA for three consecutive days and the control group encountered with PBS at the same time. One day after the last challenge, real-time PCR and histopathology survey were conducted on isolated lung tissues. Results: The gene expression of IL-25, IL-33, TNF-α and TLR-4 in SE group was significantly lower than OVA group (P<0.05). The level of IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ were considerably higher than the OVA group (P<0.05). The inflammation was reduced in SE group, as the total cell number of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was less than OVA group. Based on the histopathology findings the inflammation was decreased in SE group compared to the OVA group. Conclusion: Although, an inhibitory effect of SE of T. canis on airway inflammations was detected, there is still a long way ahead regarding the indication of the precise mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Badri
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hélder Cortes
- Victor Caeiro Laboratory of Parasitology, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Department of Veterinary Medicine, IIFA, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shakibapour M, Shojaie B, Yousofi Darani H. Immunization with Hydatid Cyst Wall Antigens Can Inhibit Breast Cancer through Changes in Serum Levels of Th1/Th2 Cytokines. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 33815713 PMCID: PMC8000162 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_311_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydatid cysts are the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, which lead to humoral and cellular immune responses in hosts. Such immune responses play a key role in the inhibition of tumor growth and cancers. To test this hypothesis, it was attempted not only to examine the changes in serum level of some Th1 and Th2 cytokines but also to find relationships between the cytokines and cancer in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice immunized with hydatid cyst wall (HCW) antigens. Methods Six to eight-week-old Balb/c female mice were immunized with alum, PBS and HCW antigens, including crude extract of HCW (laminated layer) 28 and 27 kDa protein bands (upper and lower bands) and then challenged with 4T1 breast cancer cells. The amounts of IL2, TNF-α, IFN-γ (Th1 cytokines), and IL4 (Th2 cytokine) were estimated using ELISA. Correlations between these cytokines and cancer parameters (tumor growth, metastasis, and survival) were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results Overall, HCW antigens increased the amounts of IL2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL4. Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated reverse relationships between changes in amounts of these cytokines and tumor growth/metastasis. However, except for IL-4, all cytokines had a direct relationship with mouse survival. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that the inhibition of breast tumor growth and metastasis and improvement of survival in 4T1 mice immunized with HCW antigens, especially laminated layer and 27 kDa protein band can occur through a rise in the levels of cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrokh Shojaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shang M, Sun H, Wu Y, Gong Y, Tang Z, Meng F, He L, Yu X, Huang Y, Li X. In vivo and in vitro studies using Clonorchis sinensis adult-derived total protein (CsTP) on cellular function and inflammatory effect in mouse and cell model. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1641-1652. [PMID: 32285266 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) can induce a food-borne parasitic disease (clonorchiasis). Numerous studies have analyzed functional proteins, immunologic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell signaling transduction that promote the development of clonorchiasis. In a previous study, it was shown that C. sinensis adult-derived total protein (CsTP) might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of liver fibrosis via bringing about Th2 immune response. In the present study, further investigation of CsTP on cellular function and inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo has been elicited. CsTP induced inflammation and autophagy as evidenced by upregulation of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and autophagic markers LC3B and P62. Exposed to CsTP upregulated the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression, diminished the apoptosis induced by H2O2, but promoted the proliferation and migration of LX-2 cells in proper concentration range. Additionally, the protein levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR were repressed in response to CsTP, suggesting a correlation of blocking the activation of mTOR/AKT signaling pathway. These results revealed that CsTP might exacerbate hepatic pathological changes by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in the liver and LX-2 cells. Some effects might be partially involved in the mTOR and AKT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bo R, Yasen A, Shao Y, Zhang W, Lin R, Jiang T, Wen H, Xiao H, Aji T. Co-existence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cystic echinococcosis. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:5. [PMID: 32010203 PMCID: PMC6988235 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-0275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Co-existence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cystic echinococcus (CE) is extremely rare. Echinococcus granulosus may exhibit a protective effect against cancer. Herein, this study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of echinococcal infection on HCC patients. METHODS Three thousand three hundred hepatic CE patients and 815 HCC patients were retrospectively reviewed between January 2010 and December 2018 in Xinjiang, China, and these patients were 1:5 matched according to their sex, age and tumor TMN stage, and only 13 patients coexisted both CE and HCC. Preoperative ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dot immune-gold filtration assay (DIGFA) were used for preoperative identification and intraoperative specimens from liver resections were pathologically examined for further confirmation. Survival time was analyzed through Cox proportional hazard model analysis. RESULTS The co-existing incidence rate of two diseases was 0.39%. For these concurrent cases, HCC was all at the advanced stage and CE lesions were inactive. Median survival time for HCC patients was 6 month (1-17). However, it was 8 month (3-90) for the co-existing cases and was much longer than the median survival time of HCC patients (P<0.05), which was closely associated with tumor size, location, TMN stage and hydatid size, location, classification. Four of the patients underwent surgical intervention and their median survival time was 17 month (3-68). CONCLUSIONS Echinococcus granulosus may elicit a protective effect against the development and progression of HCC, while more basic and clinical researches are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Bo
- Department of Liver Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimaiti Yasen
- Department of Liver Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory on Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Liver Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyong Lin
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- Department of Liver Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Liver Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Liver Hydatid Disease, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Daneshpour S, Rostamirad S, Kefayat A, Mofid M, Safavi A, Darani HY. Identifying the Most Effective Hydatid Cyst Fluid Fraction for Anticancer Vaccination of 4T1 Breast Tumor-Bearing Mice. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:143. [PMID: 31516684 PMCID: PMC6716223 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_508_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The hydatid cyst fluid antigens have high homology with cancer cell antigens and also exhibit considerable immunogenicity. Therefore, their utilization for cancer immunization can cause an effective antitumor immune response. However, the main challenge is identifying the most effective antigens for this purpose. Methods: Hydatid cyst fluid fractions including the glycolipid fraction, glycoprotein fraction, 78 kDa fraction, and antigen B fraction were prepared. Then, the BALB/c mice were immunized against different antigens and, subsequently, 4T1 cells were subcutaneously implanted. The tumors' growth, metastasis, and tumor-bearing mice survival were assessed in different immunized groups. In addition, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α serum levels were estimated to evaluate the immune system response. Results: BALB/c mice immunization against the complete hydatid cyst fluid antigens exhibited more significant inhibition of the tumors' growth and metastasis and increase of tumor-bearing mice survival in comparison with its derived fractions. However, the 78 kDa fraction exhibited the best results according to the same factors in comparison with all the prepared fractions. Conclusions: The 78 kDa fraction of the hydatid cyst fluid was the most effective fraction of hydatid cyst fluid for immunization against 4T1 breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Daneshpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Rostamirad
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - MohammadReza Mofid
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Safavi
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Daneshpour S, Kefayat AH, Mofid MR, Rostami Rad S, Yousofi Darani H. Effect of Hydatid Cyst Fluid Antigens on Induction of Apoptosis on Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:27. [PMID: 31123670 PMCID: PMC6477833 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_220_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic and parasitic disease with worldwide distribution. Anticancer effects of hydatid cyst have been shown in cell culture experiments and animal model investigations. The mechanism of anti-cancer effects of hydatid cyst fluid has not been clearly elucidated, and the induction of apoptosis may have a role in this regard. Hence, in this study, the effect of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) on the induction of apoptosis on mouse breast cancer (4T1) cell line in cell culture medium has been investigated. Materials and Methods Echinococcus granulosus HCF antigens including Antigen B (AgB), glycolipid, glycoprotein, and 78 KDa fractions were prepared. Breast cancer cell line (4T1) was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and appropriate antibiotics. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using the annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate apoptosis kit. Results The 78 KDa and glycoprotein fractions induced more than 40% apoptosis. HCF and glycolipid antigens induced 39% and 34% apoptosis, respectively. However, less apoptosis observed after treatment with AgB fraction. Conclusion Hydatid cyst antigens especially the 78 KDa and glycoprotein fractions induced apoptosis on mouse breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Daneshpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Kefayat
- Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Rostami Rad
- Department of Medicine, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohamadi F, Shakibapour M, Sharafi SM, Reza AA, Tolouei S, Darani HY. Anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies attach to mouse cancer cell lines but not normal mouse lymphocytes. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:183-188. [PMID: 30906547 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is prevalent intracellular parasite and a cause of worldwide infection in the human population. An inhibitory effect of this parasite on cancer growth has been demonstrated in cell culture and animal models. To determine whether the anticancer activities of T. gondii are associated with host immune response, in the current study the reactivity of anti-T. gondii antiserum with the surface of cancer cell lines was investigated. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were raised in rabbit and the reaction of this antiserum in comparison with other anti-parasite antisera (anti-T. vaginalis, anti-hydatid cyst fluid, anti-protoscolices antigens) with mouse melanoma or breast cancer cells lines was investigated using flow cytometry. Anti-T. gondii antiserum reacted markedly with the surface of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells, and less so with the normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the other anti-parasite antisera did not react strongly with the surface of cancer cells compared with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. In summary, it has been demonstrated herein that anti-T. gondii antiserum may selectively react with the surface of mouse cancer cells but not with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Therefore, further study on anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may be useful for directing the application of selective drug delivery in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Ali Andalib Reza
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran.,Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao XY, Zhang GH, Huang L. Modulation of human melanoma cell proliferation and apoptosis by hydatid cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1447-1456. [PMID: 29588599 PMCID: PMC5858823 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s146300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this paper was to assess the effects of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) of Echinococcus granulosus on melanoma A375 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods A375 cells were classified into five groups by in vitro culture: normal group, control group, 10% HCF group, 20% HCF group and 30% HCF group. Trypan blue staining method was employed to detect the toxicity of HCF. Effects of different concentrations of HCF on melanoma A375 cell proliferation at different time points were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining were used to detect cell cycle, and Annexin-V/PI double staining method was used to determine A375 cell apoptotic rate. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cell-cycle-related proteins (cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and cyclin E) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3). Results HCF with a high concentration was considered as atoxic to A375 cells. HCF promoted A375 cell proliferation, and the effects got stronger with an increase in concentrations but was retarded after reaching a certain range of concentrations. HCF increased phosphorylation level and expression of extracellular regulated protein kinase, as well as PCNA expression. HCF also promoted the transferring progression of A375 cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase to increase the cell number in S phase and increased the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. HCF increased the expression of procaspase-3 (the precursor of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3) and antiapoptotic protein-Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of proapoptotic factor Bax, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis. Conclusion As a result, this study confirmed that HCF promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of melanoma A375 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pu'er People's Hospital, Pu'er
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Li Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|