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Jankowska A, Chwojnicki K, Grzywińska M, Trzonkowski P, Szurowska E. Choroid Plexus Volume Change-A Candidate for a New Radiological Marker of MS Progression. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2668. [PMID: 37627928 PMCID: PMC10453931 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune, chronic, neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that affects mainly young patients. This progressive inflammatory process causes the chronic loss of brain tissue and results in a deterioration in quality of life. To monitor neuroinflammatory process activity and predict the further development of disease, it is necessary to find a suitable biomarker that could easily be used. In this research, we verify the usability of choroid plexus (CP) volume, a new MS biomarker, in the monitoring of the progression of multiple sclerosis disease. (2) Methods: A single-center, prospective study with three groups of patients was conducted based on the following groups: MS patients who received experimental cellular therapy (Treg), treatment-naïve MS patients and healthy controls. (3) Results: This study concludes that there is a correlation between the CPV/TIV (choroid plexus/total intracranial volume) ratio and the progress of multiple sclerosis disease-patients with MS (MS + Treg) had larger volumes of choroid plexuses. CPV/TIV ratios in MS groups were constantly and significantly growing. In the Treg group, patients with relapses had larger plexuses in comparison to the group with no relapses of MS. A similar correlation was observed for the GD+ group (patients with postcontrast enhancing plaques) compared against the non-GD group (patients without postcontrast enhancing plaques). (4) Conclusion: Choroid plexus volume, due to its immunological function, correlates with the inflammatory process in the central nervous system. We consider it to become a valuable radiological biomarker of MS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jankowska
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Kamil Chwojnicki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Grzywińska
- Neuroinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Samadi A, Moammeri A, Pourmadadi M, Abbasi P, Hosseinpour Z, Farokh A, Shamsabadipour A, Heydari M, Mohammadi MR. Cell Encapsulation and 3D Bioprinting for Therapeutic Cell Transplantation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1862-1890. [PMID: 36877212 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The promise of cell therapy has been augmented by introducing biomaterials, where intricate scaffold shapes are fabricated to accommodate the cells within. In this review, we first discuss cell encapsulation and the promising potential of biomaterials to overcome challenges associated with cell therapy, particularly cellular function and longevity. More specifically, cell therapies in the context of autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer are reviewed from the perspectives of preclinical findings as well as available clinical data. Next, techniques to fabricate cell-biomaterials constructs, focusing on emerging 3D bioprinting technologies, will be reviewed. 3D bioprinting is an advancing field that enables fabricating complex, interconnected, and consistent cell-based constructs capable of scaling up highly reproducible cell-biomaterials platforms with high precision. It is expected that 3D bioprinting devices will expand and become more precise, scalable, and appropriate for clinical manufacturing. Rather than one printer fits all, seeing more application-specific printer types, such as a bioprinter for bone tissue fabrication, which would be different from a bioprinter for skin tissue fabrication, is anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmasoud Samadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building (ISEB), Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Parisa Abbasi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hosseinpour
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714871167, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Arian Farokh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Amin Shamsabadipour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Maryam Heydari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 199389373, Iran
| | - M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
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A Hidden Epithelial Barrier in the Brain with a Central Role in Regulating Brain Homeostasis. Implications for Aging. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 13 Suppl 5:S407-S410. [PMID: 28005425 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201609-676aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing interest the last years, the choroid plexus still is a relatively understudied tissue in neuroscience. The choroid plexus contains fenestrated capillaries surrounded by tightly connected choroid plexus epithelial cells that form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The choroid plexus is the main source of cerebrospinal fluid production, assures removal of toxic waste products, and acts as gatekeeper of the brain by the presence of resident inflammatory cells. Increasing evidence shows that choroid plexus' dysfunction, via altered secretory, transport, immune, and barrier function, plays a central role in a very diverse set of clinical conditions such as aging and the age-associated Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, age-related changes may weaken the barrier formed by the choroid plexus epithelial cells and/or impair the choroid plexus' ability to generate cerebrospinal fluid and to produce beneficial factors. Consequently, advanced knowledge of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system in aging is essential to better understand age-associated neurological diseases and might open up new therapeutic strategies.
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Balusu S, Brkic M, Libert C, Vandenbroucke RE. The choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid interface in Alzheimer's disease: more than just a barrier. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:534-7. [PMID: 27212900 PMCID: PMC4870896 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.180372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus is a complex structure which hangs inside the ventricles of the brain and consists mainly of choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells surrounding fenestrated capillaries. These CPE cells not only form an anatomical barrier, called the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), but also present an active interface between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CPE cells perform indispensable functions for the development, maintenance and functioning of the brain. Indeed, the primary role of the choroid plexus in the brain is to maintain homeostasis by secreting CSF which contains different molecules, such as nutrients, neurotrophins, and growth factors, as well as by clearing toxic and undesirable molecules from CSF. The choroid plexus also acts as a selective entry gate for leukocytes into the brain. Recent findings have revealed distinct changes in CPE cells that are associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we review some recent findings that highlight the importance of the CPE-CSF system in Alzheimer's disease and we summarize the recent advances in the regeneration of brain tissue through use of CPE cells as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Balusu
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjana Brkic
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Carriers in cell-based therapies for neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10669-723. [PMID: 24933636 PMCID: PMC4100175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for long-term neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies to promote full function recovery of injuries in the human nervous system resulting from trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases. Although cell-based therapies are promising in supporting repair and regeneration, direct introduction to the injury site is plagued by problems such as low transplanted cell survival rate, limited graft integration, immunorejection, and tumor formation. Neural tissue engineering offers an integrative and multifaceted approach to tackle these complex neurological disorders. Synergistic therapeutic effects can be obtained from combining customized biomaterial scaffolds with cell-based therapies. Current scaffold-facilitated cell transplantation strategies aim to achieve structural and functional rescue via offering a three-dimensional permissive and instructive environment for sustainable neuroactive factor production for prolonged periods and/or cell replacement at the target site. In this review, we intend to highlight important considerations in biomaterial selection and to review major biodegradable or non-biodegradable scaffolds used for cell transplantation to the central and peripheral nervous system in preclinical and clinical trials. Expanded knowledge in biomaterial properties and their prolonged interaction with transplanted and host cells have greatly expanded the possibilities for designing suitable carrier systems and the potential of cell therapies in the nervous system.
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Quintela T, Gonçalves I, Carreto LC, Santos MAS, Marcelino H, Patriarca FM, Santos CRA. Analysis of the effects of sex hormone background on the rat choroid plexus transcriptome by cDNA microarrays. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60199. [PMID: 23585832 PMCID: PMC3622009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) are highly vascularized branched structures that protrude into the ventricles of the brain, and form a unique interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the blood-CSF barrier, that are the main site of production and secretion of CSF. Sex hormones are widely recognized as neuroprotective agents against several neurodegenerative diseases, and the presence of sex hormones cognate receptors suggest that it may be a target for these hormones. In an effort to provide further insight into the neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by sex hormones we analyzed gene expression differences in the CP of female and male rats subjected to gonadectomy, using microarray technology. In gonadectomized female and male animals, 3045 genes were differentially expressed by 1.5-fold change, compared to sham controls. Analysis of the CP transcriptome showed that the top-five pathways significantly regulated by the sex hormone background are olfactory transduction, taste transduction, metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and circadian rhythm pathways. These results represent the first overview of global expression changes in CP of female and male rats induced by gonadectomy and suggest that sex hormones are implicated in pathways with central roles in CP functions and CSF homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Laura C. Carreto
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A. S. Santos
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Helena Marcelino
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Filipa M. Patriarca
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R. A. Santos
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Zanin M, Pettingill L, Harvey A, Emerich D, Thanos C, Shepherd R. The development of encapsulated cell technologies as therapies for neurological and sensory diseases. J Control Release 2012; 160:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Huang SL, Shi W, Jiao Q, He XJ. Change of Neural Stem Cells in the Choroid Plexuses of Developing Rat. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:310-5. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.556282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Choroid plexus: biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 119:75-88. [PMID: 20033190 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus is an epithelial-endothelial vascular convolute within the ventricular system of the vertebrate brain. It consists of epithelial cells, fenestrated blood vessels, and the stroma, dependent on various physiological or pathological conditions, which may contain fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, granulocytes or other infiltrates, and a rich extracellular matrix. The choroid plexus is mainly involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by using the free access to the blood compartment of the leaky vessels. In order to separate blood and CSF compartments, choroid plexus epithelial cells and tanycytes of circumventricular organs constitute the blood-CSF-brain barrier. As non-neuronal cells in the brain and derived from neuroectoderm, choroid plexus epithelia are defined as a subtype of macroglia. The choroid plexus is involved in a variety of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative, inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, neoplastic, and systemic diseases. Abeta and Biondi ring tangles accumulate in the Alzheimer's disease choroid plexus. In multiple sclerosis, the choroid plexus could represent a site for lymphocyte entry in the CSF and brain, and for presentation of antigens. Recent studies have provided new diagnostic markers and potential molecular targets for choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma, which represent the most common brain tumors in the first year of life. We here revive some of the classical studies and review recent insight into the biology and pathology of the choroid plexus.
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