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Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li W, Sha L, Xia Y, Chen L. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for epilepsy therapy: opportunities and obstacles. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103600. [PMID: 37119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy (EP) is a long-term neurological disorder characterized by neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal apoptosis, imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress in the brain. Autophagy is a process of cellular self-regulation to maintain normal physiological functions. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy pathways in neurons are a potential mechanism underlying EP pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in EP and the probable function of autophagy in epileptogenesis. Moreover, we review the autophagy modulators reported for the treatment of EP models, and discuss the obstacles to, and opportunities for, the potential therapeutic applications of novel autophagy modulators as EP therapies. Teaser: Defective autophagy affects the onset and progression of epilepsy, and many anti-epileptic drugs have autophagy-modulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Sun W, Chen X, Mei Y, Li X, Yang Y, An L. Co-exposure of melamine and cyanuric acid as a risk factor for oxidative stress and energy metabolism: Adverse effects on hippocampal neuronal and synaptic function induced by excessive ROS production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114230. [PMID: 36306617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CA) alone have relatively low toxicity, but together they may cause serious damage to multiple organs, including the central nervous system, however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to determine and compare the neurotoxic effects of MEL (20 μg/mL), CA (20 μg/mL) and their combination (10 μg/mL MEL and 10 μg/mL CA) on cultured hippocampal neurons. The cell viability, apoptosis, anti-oxidative and energy metabolic indices were detected following 24 h of incubations. The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 neurons were recorded. Moreover, ROS scavenger NAC was co-infused to investigate the potential mechanism. We found the complex of MEL and CA but not their alone caused severe cell death and disturbed energy production through activation caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Meanwhile, the combination significantly reduced the amplitude, decay time and frequency of mEPSCs but not mIPSCs, indicating the pre- and post-synaptic inhibitory actions on neuronal activity. Paired-pulsed ratio (PPR) and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses were critically depressed. However, the co-application of NAC could effectively mitigate the cellular apoptosis, energy metabolism dysfunction and the impairments in neuronal and synaptic function. Our findings provide the first evidence that the combination of MEL and CA can exert more prominently neurotoxic effects than their alone and certify that one of the potential mechanisms for neuronal and synaptic dysfunction is the ROS-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yazi Mei
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Lei An
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China.
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Anti-inflammatory treatment with β-asarone improves impairments in social interaction and cognition in MK-801 treated mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jakaria M, Park SY, Haque ME, Karthivashan G, Kim IS, Ganesan P, Choi DK. Neurotoxic Agent-Induced Injury in Neurodegenerative Disease Model: Focus on Involvement of Glutamate Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:307. [PMID: 30210294 PMCID: PMC6123546 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptors play a crucial role in the central nervous system and are implicated in different brain disorders. They play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although many studies on NDDs have been conducted, their exact pathophysiological characteristics are still not fully understood. In in vivo and in vitro models of neurotoxic-induced NDDs, neurotoxic agents are used to induce several neuronal injuries for the purpose of correlating them with the pathological characteristics of NDDs. Moreover, therapeutic drugs might be discovered based on the studies employing these models. In NDD models, different neurotoxic agents, namely, kainic acid, domoic acid, glutamate, β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine, amyloid beta, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, rotenone, 3-Nitropropionic acid and methamphetamine can potently impair both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, leading to the progression of toxicity. Many other neurotoxic agents mainly affect the functions of ionotropic glutamate receptors. We discuss particular neurotoxic agents that can act upon glutamate receptors so as to effectively mimic NDDs. The correlation of neurotoxic agent-induced disease characteristics with glutamate receptors would aid the discovery and development of therapeutic drugs for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md. Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
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Xiao X, Zhang H, Wang H, Li Q, Zhang T. Neuroprotective effect of amantadine on corticosterone-induced abnormal glutamatergic synaptic transmission of CA3-CA1 pathway in rat's hippocampal slices. Synapse 2017; 71. [PMID: 28902436 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a psychiatric disorder and chronic stress, leading to altered glucocorticoid secretion patterns, is one of the factors that induce depression. Our previous study showed that amantadine significantly attenuated the impairments of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function a rat model of CUS. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism. In the present study, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to examine the protection effect of amantadine on the hippocampus CA3-CA1 pathway. Evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs), miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), paired-pulse ratio (PPR) and the action potentials of CA3 neurons were recorded. Our data showed that corticosterone increased the amplitude of eEPSCs and decreased the value of paired-pulse ratio (PPR), but both of them were significantly reversed by amantadine. In addition, the frequency of mEPSC was considerably increased by corticosterone, but it was reduced by amantadine. Moreover, we used the Fluo-3/AM image to detect the Ca2+ influx in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The results showed that the intracellular calcium levels were significantly decreased by amantadine in the corticosterone treated neurons. Additionally, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were reduced by corticosterone, while they were enhanced by either amantadine or low-calcium artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ACSF). These results suggest that amantadine significantly improves corticosterone-induced abnormal glutamatergic synaptic transmission of CA3-CA1 synapses presynaptically and alleviates the activities of antioxidant enzymes via regulating the calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiao
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Melamine, beyond the kidney: A ubiquitous endocrine disruptor and neurotoxicant? Toxicol Lett 2017; 280:181-189. [PMID: 28751210 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melamine is commonly used in a variety of consumer products such as furniture, dining ware, and food utensils. The chemical infamously gained worldwide attention by its illegal addition to a variety of foodstuffs in order to falsify protein content, which led to serious, sometimes fatal, health impacts in children and pets. This resulted in a large amount of published primary studies and reviews of the impacts of melamine exposure on kidney function. However, a growing body of literature suggests that melamine may have impacts beyond renal dysfunction. We conducted a scoping review of this literature which yielded more than 40 studies with human, animal, and in vitro findings. Neurological impacts, reproductive function, and anthropometric outcomes were identified as possible candidates for systematic review based on evidence stream and replication of endpoints. The results of this analysis provide a basis for prioritizing future research on health impacts associated with melamine exposure.
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A Brief Review of Neurotoxicity Induced by Melamine. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:301-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu C, Yin H, Gao J, Xu X, Zhang T, Yang Z. Leonurine ameliorates cognitive dysfunction via antagonizing excitotoxic glutamate insults and inhibiting autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1638-1646. [PMID: 27823628 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is related with cognitive deficits in different types of dementia. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of leonurine on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion both in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was duplicated by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro and by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (2-VO) in vivo. METHODS In in vitro study, there were control group, OGD group, OGD+ 100µM leonurin group, and OGD+ 10µM donepezil group. The spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude and frequency were recorded. In in vivo study, the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was induced by ligated bilateral common carotid arteries. Rats were randomly divided into Sham group, 2-VO group, 2-VO+ 60mg/kg/day leonurine group, and 2-VO+ 4mg/kg/day donepezil group. After three weeks, the Morris water maze and Long-term depression recording were observed. Then N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated proteins and autophagy-associated proteins were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS In in vitro experiment, results showed that leonurine could obviously attenuate the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude and frequency on pyramidal neurons. In in vivo experiment, leonurine significantly decreased levels of glutamate and hydrogen peroxide, improved both the cognitive flexibility and the spatial learning and memory abilities. Moreover, leonurine obviously enhanced long-term depression, elevated the ratio of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A/2B, and decreased the expression of postsynaptic density protein-95. Interestingly, the ratio of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 expression were markedly down-regulated by leonurine. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that leonurine ameliorates cognitive dysfunction at least partly via antagonizing excitotoxic glutamate insults and inhibiting autophagy. Furthermore, it might become a potential drug candidate of chronic cerebral hyperfusion in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongqiang Yin
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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