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Da Silva DE, Richards CM, McRae SA, Riar I, Yang S(S, Zurfluh NE, Gibon J, Klegeris A. Extracellular mixed histones are neurotoxic and modulate select neuroimmune responses of glial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298748. [PMID: 38630734 PMCID: PMC11023449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although histone proteins are widely known for their intranuclear functions where they organize DNA, all five histone types can also be released into the extracellular space from damaged cells. Extracellular histones can interact with pattern recognition receptors of peripheral immune cells, including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), causing pro-inflammatory activation, which indicates they may act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in peripheral tissues. Very limited information is available about functions of extracellular histones in the central nervous system (CNS). To address this knowledge gap, we applied mixed histones (MH) to cultured cells modeling neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Microglia are the professional CNS immunocytes, while astrocytes are the main support cells for neurons. Both these cell types are critical for neuroimmune responses and their dysregulated activity contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. We measured effects of extracellular MH on cell viability and select neuroimmune functions of microglia and astrocytes. MH were toxic to cultured primary murine neurons and also reduced viability of NSC-34 murine and SH-SY5Y human neuron-like cells in TLR4-dependent manner. MH did not affect the viability of resting or immune-stimulated BV-2 murine microglia or U118 MG human astrocytic cells. When applied to BV-2 cells, MH enhanced secretion of the potential neurotoxin glutamate, but did not modulate the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), or the overall cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and/or interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells towards NSC-34 neuron-like cells. We demonstrated, for the first time, that MH downregulated phagocytic activity of LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. However, MH also exhibited protective effect by ameliorating the cytotoxicity of LPS-stimulated U118 MG astrocytic cells towards SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells. Our data demonstrate extracellular MH could both damage neurons and alter neuroimmune functions of glial cells. These actions of MH could be targeted for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E. Da Silva
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christy M. Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seamus A. McRae
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ishvin Riar
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sijie (Shirley) Yang
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Noah E. Zurfluh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julien Gibon
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Moraes TR, Veras FP, Barchuk AR, Nogueira ESC, Kanashiro A, Galdino G. Spinal HMGB1 participates in the early stages of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via microglial TLR4 and RAGE activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1303937. [PMID: 38384464 PMCID: PMC10879568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1303937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is one of the main adverse effects of chemotherapy treatment. At the spinal level, CINP modulation involves glial cells that upregulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and signaling pathways, which can be activated by pro-inflammatory mediators as the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Objective To evaluate the spinal role of HMGB1 in the paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and TLR4 activation expressed in glial cells. Methods Male C57BL/6 Wild type and TLR4 deficient mice were used in the paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model. The nociceptive threshold was measured using the von Frey filament test. In addition, recombinant HMGB1 was intrathecally (i.t.) injected to confirm its nociceptive potential. To evaluate the spinal participation of RAGE, TLR4, NF-kB, microglia, astrocytes, and MAPK p38 in HMGB1-mediated nociceptive effect during neuropathic pain and recombinant HMGB1-induced nociception, the drugs FPS-ZM1, LPS-RS, PDTC, minocycline, fluorocitrate, and SML0543 were respectively administrated by i.t. rout. Microglia, astrocytes, glial cells, RAGE, and TLR4 protein expression were analyzed by Western blot. ELISA immunoassay was also used to assess HMGB1, IL-1β, and TNF-α spinal levels. Results The pharmacological experiments demonstrated that spinal RAGE, TLR4, microglia, astrocytes, as well as MAPK p38 and NF-kB signaling are involved with HMGB1-induced nociception and paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, HMGB1 spinal levels were increased during the early stages of neuropathic pain and associated with RAGE, TLR4 and microglial activation. RAGE and TLR4 blockade decreased spinal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during neuropathic pain. Conclusion Taken together, our findings indicate that HMGB1 may be released during the early stages of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. This molecule activates RAGE and TLR4 receptors in spinal microglia, upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines that may contribute to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyris Reis Moraes
- Pain Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Flavio Protasio Veras
- Pain Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Angel Roberto Barchuk
- Integrative Animal Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Pain Neuroimmunobiology Laboratory, Institute of Motricity Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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Kang YJ, Xue Y, Shin JH, Cho H. Human mini-brains for reconstituting central nervous system disorders. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:964-981. [PMID: 36644973 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) are progressive and irreversible diseases leading to devastating impacts on patients' life as they cause cognitive impairment, dementia, and even loss of essential body functions. The development of effective medicines curing CNS disorders is, however, one of the most ambitious challenges due to the extremely complex functions and structures of the human brain. In this regard, there are unmet needs to develop simplified but physiopathologically-relevant brain models. Recent advances in the microfluidic techniques allow multicellular culture forming miniaturized 3D human brains by aligning parts of brain regions with specific cells serving suitable functions. In this review, we overview designs and strategies of microfluidics-based human mini-brains for reconstituting CNS disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), vascular dementia (VD), and environmental risk factor-driven dementia (ERFD). Afterward, the applications of the mini-brains in the area of medical science are introduced in terms of the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms and identification of promising biomarkers. We also present expanded model systems ranging from the CNS to CNS-connecting organ axes to study the entry pathways of pathological risk factors into the brain. Lastly, the advantages and potential challenges of current model systems are addressed with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqi Xue
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Shin
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Jeon S, Baik J, Kim J, Lee J, Do W, Kim E, Lee HJ, Kim H. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine attenuates mechanical allodynia through the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a mild traumatic brain injury rat model. Korean J Anesthesiol 2023; 76:56-66. [PMID: 35760392 PMCID: PMC9902181 DOI: 10.4097/kja.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the cerebrospinal fluid (c-BDNF) and mechanical allodynia in a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model. METHODS After fixing the rat's skull on a stereotactic frame under general anesthesia, craniotomy was performed. After impact, 10 µl of drug was injected into the cisterna magna (group S: sham, group D: dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg, group P: propofol 500 μg/kg, and group T: untreated TBI). The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold (50% MWT) and c-BDNF level were measured on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 7, and 14. RESULTS The 50% MWT measured on PODs 1, 7, and 14 was lower and the c-BDNF level on POD 1 was higher in group T than in group S. In group D, the c-BDNF level on POD 1 was lower than that in group T and was comparable with that in group S during the whole study period. The 50% MWT of group D was higher than that of group T throughout the postoperative period. In group P, there were no significant differences in the 50% MWT during the entire postoperative period compared with group T; the c-BDNF level was higher than that in group T on POD 1. CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine may attenuate TBI-induced mechanical allodynia for up to two weeks post-injury through immediate suppression of c-BDNF in mild TBI rats. The inhibition of c-BDNF expression in the acute phase reduced the occurrence of TBI-induced chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jiseok Baik
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea,Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea,Corresponding author: Jiseok Baik, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, KoreaTel: +82-51-240-7399Fax: +82-51-242-7466
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Wangseok Do
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea,Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea,Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Haekyu Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea,Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Cheng T, Xu Z, Ma X. The role of astrocytes in neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1007889. [PMID: 36204142 PMCID: PMC9530148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, whose symptoms are characterized by spontaneous and irritation-induced painful sensations, is a condition that poses a global burden. Numerous neurotransmitters and other chemicals play a role in the emergence and maintenance of neuropathic pain, which is strongly correlated with common clinical challenges, such as chronic pain and depression. However, the mechanism underlying its occurrence and development has not yet been fully elucidated, thus rendering the use of traditional painkillers, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and opioids, relatively ineffective in its treatment. Astrocytes, which are abundant and occupy the largest volume in the central nervous system, contribute to physiological and pathological situations. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have claimed that astrocytes contribute indispensably to the occurrence and progression of neuropathic pain. The activation of reactive astrocytes involves a variety of signal transduction mechanisms and molecules. Signal molecules in cells, including intracellular kinases, channels, receptors, and transcription factors, tend to play a role in regulating post-injury pain once they exhibit pathological changes. In addition, astrocytes regulate neuropathic pain by releasing a series of mediators of different molecular weights, actively participating in the regulation of neurons and synapses, which are associated with the onset and general maintenance of neuropathic pain. This review summarizes the progress made in elucidating the mechanism underlying the involvement of astrocytes in neuropathic pain regulation.
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Fan R, Wang L, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Protective role of ethyl pyruvate in spinal cord injury by inhibiting the high mobility group box-1/toll-like receptor4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013033. [PMID: 36187352 PMCID: PMC9524569 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a high incident rate of central nervous system disease that usually causes paralysis below the injured level. The occurrence of chronic inflammation with the axonal regeneration difficulties are the underlying barriers for the recovery of SCI patients. Current studies have paid attention to controlling the instigative and developmental process of neuro-inflammation. Ethyl pyruvate, as a derivative of pyruvate, has strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions. Herein, we reviewed the recent studies of ethyl pyruvate and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We think HMGB1 that is one of the main nuclear protein mediators to cause an inflammatory response. This protein induces astrocytic activation, and promotes glial scar formation. Interestingly, ethyl pyruvate has potent inhibitory effects on HMGB1 protein, as it inhibits chronic inflammatory response by modulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper discusses the potential mechanism of ethyl pyruvate in inhibiting chronic inflammation after SCI. Ethyl pyruvate can be a prospective therapeutic agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lvxia Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-6762
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Xu S, Yi Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Feng W. Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Neuropathic Pain via the TRPC6-p38 MAPK Pathway in the Dorsal Root Ganglia of Rats. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2437-2448. [PMID: 36016537 PMCID: PMC9397435 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s378893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuropathic pain is a chronic intractable disease characterized by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Effective treatments are unavailable because of the complicated mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) is a nonselective calcium (Ca2+)-channel protein related to hyperalgesia. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an alpha-2 (α2) adrenoreceptor agonist that mediates intracellular Ca2+ levels to alleviate pain. However, the relationship between TRPC6 and Dex is currently unclear. We speculated that the α2 receptor agonist would be closely linked to the TRPC6 channel. We aimed to investigate whether Dex relieves neuropathic pain by the TRPC6 pathway in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Methods The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was established in male rats, and we evaluated the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The expression of TRPC6 and Iba-1 in the DRG were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the CCI normal saline group, both the MWT and TWL were significantly improved after 7 days of Dex administration. Results demonstrated that TRPC6 expression was increased in the DRG following CCI but was suppressed by Dex. In addition, multiple administrations of Dex inhibited the phosphorylation level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the upregulation of neuroinflammatory factors. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that Dex exhibits anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties in a neuropathic pain model. Moreover, our findings of the CCI model suggested that Dex has an inhibitory effect on TRPC6 expression in the DRG by decreasing the phosphorylation level of p38 in the DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songchao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Yi
- Department of Algology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Li Z, Bai H, Zhang R, Chen B, Wang J, Xue B, Ren X, Wang J, Jia Y, Zang W, Wang J, Chen X. Systematic analysis of critical genes and pathways identified a signature of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3991-4008. [PMID: 35560852 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) damages sensory systems, producing chronic neuropathic pain that is resistant to medical treatment. The specific mechanisms underlying SCI-induced neuropathic pain (SCI-NP) remain unclear, and protein biomarkers have not yet been integrated into diagnostic screening. To better understand the host molecular pathways involved in SCI-NP, we used the bioinformatics method, the PubMed database, and bioinformatics methods to identify target genes and their associated pathways. We reviewed 2504 articles on the regulation of SCI-NP and used the text mining of PubMed database abstracts to determine associations among 12 pathways and networks. Based on this method, we identified two central genes in SCI-NP: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to build the SCI-NP models. The threshold for paw withdrawal was significantly reduced in the SCI group and TLR4 was activated in microglia after SCI. ELISA analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was significantly higher in the SCI group than in the sham group. Western blot showed that expressions of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway protein increased dramatically in the SCI group. Using the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, the pain threshold and expressions of inflammatory factors and proteins of the proteins of the inflammatory signal pathway were reversed, TLR4 in microglia was suppressed, suggesting that SCI-NP was related to neuroinflammation mediated by the TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we found TNF-α and IL-6 were the neuroinflammation-related genes involved in SCI-NP that can be alleviated by inhibiting the inflammatory pathway upstream of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefu Li
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Outpatient Surgery, Zhengzhou University Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bohan Xue
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, the first affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Basic Medical College of Human Anatomy of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Liao YC, Wang JW, Zhang JL, Guo C, Xu XL, Wang K, Zhao C, Wen AD, Li RL, Ding Y. Component-target network and mechanism of Qufeng Zhitong capsule in the treatment of neuropathic pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114532. [PMID: 34416296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qufeng Zhitong capsule (QFZTC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinically used for treating pain. However, the active ingredients of QFZTC and its pharmacological mechanism in the treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to identify the active ingredients of QFZTC and reveal its target genes and underlying mechanism of action in NP. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the active ingredients of QFZTC. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to determine the core targets and pathway enrichment of QFZTC. An NP mice model was established through chronic compression injury (CCI) surgery of the sciatic nerve, while von Frey instrumentation and a thermal stimulator were employed to measure the sensitivity of mice to mechanical and thermal stimuli. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of TLR4 and p-P65 in microglia. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of protein expression of Iba-1, TLR4, MyD88, P65, p-P65, and c-Fos, while ELISA kits were used to detect the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. RESULTS Seven active ingredients were identified in QFZTC: gallic acid, loganylic acid, syringin, corilagin, loganin, ellagic acid, and osthole. Network analysis identified TLR4, TNF, IL6, IL1β, and c-Fos as core targets, and Toll-like receptors and NF-κB as core signaling pathways. Treatment with QFZTC significantly relieved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI mice models. CCI induced an increase in the expression of TLR4 and p-P65 in microglia, whereas QFZTC dose-dependently reduced the expression of Iba-1, TLR4, MyD88, and p-P65 in the spinal cord. QFZTC inhibited the expression of the c-Fos pain marker and reduced the expression of the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION We combined the active ingredients of QFZTC with network pharmacology research to clarify its biological mechanism in the treatment of NP. We demonstrated that QFZTC reduced NP in mice probably through regulating the spinal microglia via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Hence, QFZTC could be regarded as a potential drug for relieving NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juan-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xin-Liang Xu
- Department of Pain, Jining No.1 Peoples Hospital, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ai-Dong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Rui-Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Xu S, Gao R, Chen L. Dexmedetomidine regulates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through the miR-330-3p/ULK1 axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22919. [PMID: 34590382 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane (Sev), a widely used volatile anesthetic, can cause long-term neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects in numerous neurological disorders. Our work aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of Dex in Sev-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, it was found that Dex mitigated Sev-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, Sev treatment upregulated the miR-330-3p expression in hippocampus tissues, while this effect was reversed by the Dex treatment. Additionally, microRNA-330-3p (miR-330-3p) inhibition was verified to inhibit cell apoptosis and facilitate mitophagy. ULK1 was confirmed as a downstream target of miR-330-3p and miR-330-3p could negatively regulate ULK1 expression. Finally, the effects of miR-330-3p inhibition on Sev-induced neurotoxicity could be offset by ULK1 knockdown or further intensified by Dex treatment. In summary, our study demonstrated that Dex regulated cell apoptosis and mitophagy in Sev-induced neurotoxicity through the miR-330-3p/ULK1 axis. These findings might provide novel insights into the treatment of Sev-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyue Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liu Y, Liu W, Wang XQ, Wan ZH, Liu YQ, Zhang MJ. Dexmedetomidine Relieves Neuropathic Pain in Rats With Chronic Constriction Injury via the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714996. [PMID: 34568327 PMCID: PMC8455886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in neuropathic pain (NP) after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in a rat model as well as its underlying mechanism. First, a CCI rat model was established. After treatment with Dex, the severity of NP was ascertained by monitoring paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) at different time points. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the levels of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the spinal cord. Furthermore, the levels of Keap1–Nrf2–HO-1 pathway molecules, apoptotic proteins, and antioxidant genes in the spinal cord or isolated primary microglia were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The release of proinflammatory cytokines was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate Dex-treated CCI-induced NP via the Keap1–Nrf2–HO-1 pathway, the rats were intrathecally injected with lentivirus to upregulate or downregulate the expression of Keap1. We found that Dex inhibited pathological changes and alleviated sciatic nerve pain as well as repressed inflammation, apoptosis, and redox disorders of the spinal cord in CCI rats. Keap1 protein expression was substantially downregulated, whereas Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were significantly upregulated in the spinal cord after Dex administration. Additionally, Keap1 overexpression counteracted Dex-mediated inhibition of NP. Keap1 overexpression led to a decrease in Nrf2 and HO-1 levels as well as PWT and PWL but led to an aggravation of inflammation and antioxidant disorders and increased apoptosis. Keap1 silencing alleviated NP in rats with CCI, as evidenced by an increase in PWT and PWL. Keap1 depletion resulted in the alleviation of inflammation and spinal cord tissue injury in CCI rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that Dex inhibits the Keap1–Nrf2–HO-1-related antioxidant response, inflammation, and apoptosis, thereby alleviating NP in CCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Hai Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Etomidate on Intraoperative Wake-Up Equality, Hemodynamics, and Cerebral Protection in Operation of the Brain Functional Area. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6363188. [PMID: 34484398 PMCID: PMC8416374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6363188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing incidence of brain functional area tumors, the clinical application of functional area tumor resection has become extremely urgent. Intraoperative wake-up is an important auxiliary method of this operation, which can effectively reduce the damage of the brain function area caused by the operation and anesthesia itself while playing the role of auxiliary function area and tumor positioning. However, the intraoperative wake-up requires a higher anesthesia effect, so higher requirements are put forward for the choice of anesthetic drugs. Based on hemodynamic and serum molecular observations, this study found that dexmedetomidine- and etomidate-assisted anesthesia were used for intraoperative wake-up in brain functional area surgery, both of which could maintain hemodynamic stability. In addition, the arousal effect and brain protection of dexmedetomidine were better than those of etomidate, and the incidence of adverse reactions was lower during the arousal period. This can provide relevant reference for clinical improvement of the anesthesia effect and surgical safety of intraoperative wake-up.
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13
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Khan A, Khan A, Khalid S, Shal B, Kang E, Lee H, Laumet G, Seo EK, Khan S. 7β-(3-Ethyl- cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro- Z Notonipetranone Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Pro-Apoptotic Protein Expressions. Molecules 2021; 26:E181. [PMID: 33401491 PMCID: PMC7795484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
7β-(3-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (ECN), a sesquiterpenoid obtained from a natural source has proved to be effective in minimizing various side effects associated with opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The current study focused on investigating the effects of ECN on neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) by mainly focusing on oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic proteins expression in mice. ECN (1 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered once daily for 11 days, starting from the third day after surgery. ECN post-treatment was found to reduce hyperalgesia and allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. ECN remarkably reversed the histopathological abnormalities associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, ECN prevented the suppression of antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase) by PSNL. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase) expression was reduced by ECN administration. Treatment with ECN was successful in reducing the caspase-3 level consistent with the observed modulation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, ECN showed a protective effect on the lipid content of myelin sheath as evident from FTIR spectroscopy which showed the shift of lipid component bands to higher values. Thus, the anti-neuropathic potential of ECN might be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Sidra Khalid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Eunwoo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Hwaryeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
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14
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Lee JH, Kim W. The Role of Satellite Glial Cells, Astrocytes, and Microglia in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E324. [PMID: 32887259 PMCID: PMC7554902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug. Although its efficacy against colorectal cancer is well known, peripheral neuropathy that develops during and after infusion of the agents could decrease the quality of life of the patients. Various pathways have been reported to be the cause of the oxaliplatin-induced paresthesia and dysesthesia; however, its mechanism of action has not been fully understood yet. In recent years, researchers have investigated the function of glia in pain, and demonstrated that glia in the peripheral and central nervous system could play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. These results suggest that targeting the glia may be an effective therapeutic option. In the past ten years, 20 more papers focused on the role of glia in oxaliplatin-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. However, to date no review has been written to summarize and discuss their results. Thus, in this study, by reviewing 23 studies that conducted in vivo experiments in rodents, the change of satellite glial cells, astrocytes, and microglia activation in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and the brain of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain animals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
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