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Boopathi S, Mendonca E, Gandhi A, Rady A, Darwish NM, Arokiyaraj S, Kumar TTA, Pachaiappan R, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Exploring the Combined Effect of Exercise and Apigenin on Aluminium-Induced Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5320-5336. [PMID: 38191695 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium (AL) is a strong environmental neurotoxin linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Widespread industrial use leads to its presence in water systems, causing bioaccumulation in organisms. This, in turn, results in the bioaccumulation of AL in various organisms. Several studies have highlighted the benefits of enhanced physical activity in combating neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile widespread presence of apigenin in aquatic environment has been largely overlooked, in terms of its potential to counter AL-induced neurotoxicity. The combined impact of exercise and apigenin in mitigating the effects of AL-induced neurotoxicity in aquatic animals remains unexplored. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine whether the combined treatment of exercise and apigenin can effectively alleviate the chronic neurotoxicity induced by AL. Zebrafish that were exposed to AL showed behaviours resembling anxiety, increased aggression, unusual swimming pattern, and memory impairment, which are typical features observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like syndrome. Combined treatment of exercise and apigenin protects zebrafish from AL-induced neurotoxicity, which was measured by improvements in memory, reduced anxiety and aggression, and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, AL exposure is associated with increased expression of genes related to neuroinflammation and AD. However, synergistic effect of exercise and apigenin counteract this effect in AL-treated zebrafish. These findings suggest that AL is involved in neurodegenerative diseases in fish, which could affect the integrity of aquatic ecosystem. Hence, there is a strong correlation between enhanced physical activity, apigenin, and the well-being of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenivasan Boopathi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Edrea Mendonca
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Akash Gandhi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbasaya, P.O. Box, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | | | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, Chengalpattu District, 603203, India.
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Lu H, Tan A, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Ran S, Wang P. Neuroprotective effects of Shenghui decoction via inhibition of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in an AlCl 3-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117993. [PMID: 38423408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-factorial degenerative disease, and multi-targeted therapies targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms should be explored. Shenghui decoction (SHD) is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used clinically to alleviate AD. However, the precise mechanism of action of SHD as a therapeutic agent for AD remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the neuroprotective properties and potential mechanisms of action of SHD in mitigating AD-like symptoms induced by AlCl3 in a zebrafish model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Active components of SHD were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Zebrafish were exposed to AlCl3 (200 μg/L) for 30 days to establish an AD zebrafish model. AlCl3-exposed zebrafish were treated with SHD or donepezil. Behavioral tests were used to assess learning and memory, locomotor activity, and AD-related anxiety and aggression in AlCl3-exposed zebrafish. Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate histological alterations in brain neurons. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interleukin-1β, IL-1β) were quantified using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Markers of oxidative stress and cholinergic activity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) were detected using biochemical assays. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression levels of Aβ, p-tau, PSD-95, synaptophysin, TLR4, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, p38, and JNK. RESULTS Fifteen SHD compounds were identified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. SHD improved AlCl3-induced dyskinesia, learning and memory impairment, anxiety-like behavior, and aggressive behavior in zebrafish. AlCl3-exposed zebrafish showed AD-like pathology, overexpression of Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, marked neuronal damage, decreased expression of synaptic proteins, synaptophysin, and PSD-95, and impairment of synaptic structural plasticity. These effects were reversed by the SHD treatment. We also observed that SHD ameliorated oxidative stress and decreased AChE activity and inflammatory cytokine levels. These effects are similar to those observed for donepezil. Meanwhile, SHD could decrease the protein expression of TLR4 and inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK. These results demonstrate that SHD has the potential to exert neuroprotective effects, which may be partly mediated via inhibition of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the therapeutic mechanism of SHD in mitigating AD progression and suggested that SHD is a potent neuroprotectant that contributes to the future development of TCM modernization and broader clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Aihua Tan
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Huanggang Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huanggang, 438000, China.
| | - Yini Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Yumeng Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Simiao Ran
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Chen KQ, Wang SZ, Lei HB, Liu X. Necrostatin-1: a promising compound for neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1408364. [PMID: 38994325 PMCID: PMC11236683 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1408364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrostatin-1, a small molecular alkaloid, was identified as an inhibitor of necroptosis in 2005. Investigating the fundamental mechanism of Necrostatin-1 and its role in various diseases is of great significance for scientific and clinical research. Accumulating evidence suggests that Necrostatin-1 plays a crucial role in numerous neurological disorders. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential functions of Necrostatin-1 in various neurological disorders, offering valuable insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qian Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hai-Bo Lei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
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Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Domingo JL, Samarghandian S, Kirichuk AA, Aschner M. A review of the epidemiological and laboratory evidence of the role of aluminum exposure in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117740. [PMID: 38007081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the epidemiological and laboratory evidence on the role of aluminum (Al) exposure in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological data demonstrated an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension and atherosclerosis in occupationally exposed subjects and hemodialysis patients. In addition, Al body burden was found to be elevated in patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Laboratory studies demonstrated that Al exposure induced significant ultrastructural damage in the heart, resulting in electrocardiogram alterations in association with cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In agreement with the epidemiological findings, laboratory data demonstrated dyslipidemia upon Al exposure, resulting from impaired hepatic lipid catabolism, as well as promotion of low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Al was also shown to inhibit paraoxonase 1 activity and to induce endothelial dysfunction and adhesion molecule expression, further promoting atherogenesis. The role of Al in hypertension was shown to be mediated by up-regulation of NADPH-oxidase, inhibition of nitric oxide bioavailability, and stimulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. It has been also demonstrated that Al exposure targets cerebral vasculature, which may be considered a link between Al exposure and cerebrovascular diseases. Findings from other tissues lend support that ferroptosis, pyroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome are involved in the development of CVD upon Al exposure. A better understanding of the role of the cardiovascular system as a target for Al toxicity will be useful for risk assessment and the development of treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia; Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia; Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 4320, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, 9319774446, Iran
| | - Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Sun J, Wang W, Ma Q, Pan X, Zhai H, Wang J, Han Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Necrostatin-1s Suppresses RIPK1-driven Necroptosis and Inflammation in Periventricular Leukomalacia Neonatal Mice. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:129-141. [PMID: 37642893 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a predominant form of brain injury in preterm survivors, is characterized by hypomyelination and microgliosis and is also the major cause of long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities in premature infants. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) plays a pivotal role in mediating cell death and inflammatory signaling cascade. However, very little is known about the potential effect of RIPK1 in PVL and the underlying mechanism. Herein, we found that the expression level of RIPK1 was drastically increased in the brain of PVL neonatal mice models, and treatment of PVL neonatal mice with Necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s), an inhibitor of RIPK1, greatly ameliorated cerebral ischemic injury, exhibiting an increase of body weights, reduction of cerebral infarct size, neuronal loss, and occurrence of necrosis-like cells, and significantly improved the long-term abnormal neurobehaviors of PVL. In addition, Nec-1s significantly suppressed hypomyelination and promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), as demonstrated by the increased expression levels of MBP and Olig2, the decreased expression level of GPR17, a significant increase in the number of CC-1-positive cells, and suppression of myelin ultrastructure impairment. Moreover, the mechanism of neuroprotective effects of Nec-1s against PVL is closely associated with its suppression of the RIPK1-mediated necrosis signaling molecules, RIPK1, PIPK3, and MLKL. More importantly, inhibition of RIPK1 could reduce microglial inflammatory injury by triggering the M1 to M2 microglial phenotype, appreciably decreasing the levels of M1 marker CD86 and increasing the levels of M2 markers Arg1 or CD206 in PVL mice. Taken together, inhibition of RIPK1 markedly ameliorates the brain injury and long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities of PVL mice through the reduction of neural cell necroptosis and reversing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Quanrui Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Hualiang Zhai
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China.
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China.
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Markert SM. Studying zebrafish nervous system structure and function in health and disease with electron microscopy. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:502-516. [PMID: 37740826 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model for studying the nervous system. Findings in zebrafish often inform studies on human diseases of the nervous system and provide crucial insight into disease mechanisms. The functions of the nervous system often rely on communication between neurons. Signal transduction is achieved via release of signaling molecules in the form of neuropeptides or neurotransmitters at synapses. Snapshots of membrane dynamics of these processes are imaged by electron microscopy. Electron microscopy can reveal ultrastructure and thus synaptic processes. This is crucial both for mapping synaptic connections and for investigating synaptic functions. In addition, via volumetric electron microscopy, the overall architecture of the nervous system becomes accessible, where structure can inform function. Electron microscopy is thus of particular value for studying the nervous system. However, today a plethora of electron microscopy techniques and protocols exist. Which technique is most suitable highly depends on the research question and scope as well as on the type of tissue that is examined. This review gives an overview of the electron microcopy techniques used on the zebrafish nervous system. It aims to give researchers a guide on which techniques are suitable for their specific questions and capabilities as well as an overview of the capabilities of electron microscopy in neurobiological research in the zebrafish model.
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Zhou W, Tong D, Tian D, Yu Y, Huang L, Zhang W, Yu Y, Lu L, Zhang X, Pan W, Shen J, Shi W, Liu G. Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics Led to Learning and Memory Deficits in Zebrafish by Inducing Oxidative Damage and Aggravating Brain Aging. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301799. [PMID: 37611966 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) may pass through the blood-brain barrier, giving rise to serious concerns about their potential toxicity to the brain. In this study, the effects of NPs exposure on learning and memory, the primary cognitive functions of the brain, are assessed in zebrafish with classic T-maze exploration tasks. Additionally, to reveal potential affecting mechanisms, the impacts of NPs exposure on brain aging, oxidative damage, energy provision, and the cell cycle are evaluated. The results demonstrate that NP-exposed zebrafish takes significantly longer for their first entry and spends markedly less time in the reward zone in the T-maze task, indicating the occurrence of learning and memory deficits. Moreover, higher levels of aging markers (β-galactosidase and lipofuscin) are detected in the brains of NP-exposed fish. Along with the accumulation of reactive free radicals, NP-exposed zebrafish suffer significant levels of brain oxidative damage. Furthermore, lower levels of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and higher levels of p53 are observed in the brains of NP-exposed zebrafish, suggesting that NPs exposure also results in a shortage of energy supply and an arrestment of the cell cycle. These findings suggest that NPs exposure may pose a severe threat to brain health, which deserves closer attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Difei Tong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lingzheng Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xunyi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wangqi Pan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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Mitroshina EV, Saviuk M, Vedunova MV. Necroptosis in CNS diseases: Focus on astrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1016053. [PMID: 36778591 PMCID: PMC9911465 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1016053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, necroptosis, a recently described type of cell death, has been reported to play an important role in the development of various brain pathologies. Necroptosis is a cell death mechanism that has morphological characteristics similar to necrosis but is mediated by fundamentally different molecular pathways. Necroptosis is initiated by signaling through the interaction of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL proteins (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein). RIPK1 kinase is usually inactive under physiological conditions. It is activated by stimulation of death receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2, TLR3, and 4, Fas-ligand) by external signals. Phosphorylation of RIPK1 results in the formation of its complex with death receptors. Further, complexes with the second member of the RIP3 and MLKL cascade appear, and the necroptosome is formed. There is enough evidence that necroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a point of view that both neurons and glial cells can play a key role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) pathologies finds more and more confirmation. Astrocytes play complex roles during neurodegeneration and ischemic brain damage initiating both impair and protective processes. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce pathogenic activity of astrocytes remain veiled. In this review, we consider these processes in terms of the initiation of necroptosis. On the other hand, it is important to remember that like other types of programmed cell death, necroptosis plays an important role for the organism, as it induces a strong immune response and is involved in the control of cancerogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the complex role of necroptosis as an important pathogenetic component of neuronal and astrocyte death in neurodegenerative diseases, epileptogenesis, and ischemic brain damage.
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Zhang R, Song Y, Su X. Necroptosis and Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S367-S386. [PMID: 36463451 PMCID: PMC10473100 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the most common neurodegenerative disease, with clinical symptoms encompassing progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis that promotes cell death and neuroinflammation, which further mediates the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. Current evidence has strongly suggested that necroptosis is activated in AD brains, resulting in neuronal death and cognitive impairment. We searched the PubMed database, screening all articles published before September 28, 2022 related to necroptosis in the context of AD pathology. The keywords in the search included: "necroptosis", "Alzheimer's disease", "signaling pathways", "Aβ", Aβo", "Tau", "p-Tau", "neuronal death", "BBB damage", "neuroinflammation", "microglia", "mitochondrial dysfunction", "granulovacuolar degeneration", "synaptic loss", "axonal degeneration", "Nec-1", "Nec-1s", "GSK872", "NSA", "OGA", "RIPK1", "RIPK3", and "MLKL". Results show that necroptosis has been involved in multiple pathological processes of AD, including amyloid-β aggregation, Tau accumulation, neuronal death, and blood-brain barrier damage, etc. More importantly, existing research on AD necroptosis interventions, including drug intervention and potential gene targets, as well as its current clinical development status, was discussed. Finally, the issues pertaining to necroptosis in AD were presented. Accordingly, this review may provide further insight into clinical perspectives and challenges for the future treatment of AD by targeting the necroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Zhang
- Linfen People’s Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Xuefeng Su
- Linfen People’s Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
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Tan JK, Nazar FH, Makpol S, Teoh SL. Zebrafish: A Pharmacological Model for Learning and Memory Research. Molecules 2022; 27:7374. [PMID: 36364200 PMCID: PMC9657833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory are essential to organism survival and are conserved across various species, especially vertebrates. Cognitive studies involving learning and memory require using appropriate model organisms to translate relevant findings to humans. Zebrafish are becoming increasingly popular as one of the animal models for neurodegenerative diseases due to their low maintenance cost, prolific nature and amenability to genetic manipulation. More importantly, zebrafish exhibit a repertoire of neurobehaviors comparable to humans. In this review, we discuss the forms of learning and memory abilities in zebrafish and the tests used to evaluate the neurobehaviors in this species. In addition, the pharmacological studies that used zebrafish as models to screen for the effects of neuroprotective and neurotoxic compounds on cognitive performance will be summarized here. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in establishing zebrafish as a robust model for cognitive research involving learning and memory. Zebrafish are becoming an indispensable model in learning and memory research for screening neuroprotective agents against cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Faris Hazwan Nazar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Shenoy A, Banerjee M, Upadhya A, Bagwe-Parab S, Kaur G. The Brilliance of the Zebrafish Model: Perception on Behavior and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:861155. [PMID: 35769627 PMCID: PMC9234549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.861155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become increasingly prevalent in the elderly population across the world. It's pathophysiological markers such as overproduction along with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are posing a serious challenge to novel drug development processes. A model which simulates the human neurodegenerative mechanism will be beneficial for rapid screening of potential drug candidates. Due to the comparable neurological network with humans, zebrafish has emerged as a promising AD model. This model has been thoroughly validated through research in aspects of neuronal pathways analogous to the human brain. The cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic pathways, which play a role in the manifested behavior of the zebrafish, are well defined. There are several behavioral models in both adult zebrafish and larvae to establish various aspects of cognitive impairment including spatial memory, associative memory, anxiety, and other such features that are manifested in AD. The zebrafish model eliminates the shortcomings of previously recognized mammalian models, in terms of expense, extensive assessment durations, and the complexity of imaging the brain to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the various models that analyze the changes in the normal behavioral patterns of the zebrafish when exposed to AD inducing agents. The mechanistic pathway adopted by drugs and novel therapeutic strategies can be explored via these behavioral models and their efficacy to slow the progression of AD can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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Zhao W, Liu Y, Xu L, He Y, Cai Z, Yu J, Zhang W, Xing C, Zhuang C, Qu Z. Targeting Necroptosis as a Promising Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1697-1713. [PMID: 35607807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder featured by memory loss and cognitive default. However, there has been no effective therapeutic approach to prevent the development of AD and the available therapies are only to alleviate some symptoms with limited efficacy and severe side effects. Necroptosis is a new kind of cell death, being regarded as a genetically programmed and regulated pattern of necrosis. Increasing evidence reveals that necroptosis is tightly related to the occurrence and development of AD. This review aims to summarize the potential role of necroptosis in AD progression and the therapeutic capacity of targeting necroptosis for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan He
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
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