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Dumitrel SI, Matichescu A, Dinu S, Buzatu R, Popovici R, Dinu DC, Bratu DC. New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry. Molecules 2024; 29:3802. [PMID: 39202881 PMCID: PMC11357206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, synthetic compounds are used for both in-office and at-home dental care. They are a valuable resource for both prophylactic and curative treatments for various dental problems, such as tooth decay, periodontal diseases, and many more. They are typically preferred due to their broad range of actions and ability to produce targeted, rapid, and long-lasting effects. Using a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash is capable of reducing the plaque index from 47.69% to 2.37% and the bleeding index from 32.93% to 6.28% after just 2 weeks. Mouthwash with 0.1% OCT is also highly effective, as it significantly lowered the median plaque index and salivary bacterial counts in 152 patients in 5 days compared to a control group (p < 0.0001), while also reducing the gingival index (p < 0.001). When povidone-iodine was used as an irrigant during the surgical removal of mandibular third molars in 105 patients, it resulted in notably lower pain scores after 2 days compared to a control group (4.57 ± 0.60 vs. 5.71 ± 0.45). Sodium hypochlorite is excellent for root canal disinfection, as irrigating with 1% NaOCl completely eliminated the bacteria from canals in 65% patients. A 0.05% CPC mouthwash proved effective for perioperative patient care, significantly decreasing gingival bleeding (p < 0.001) and suppressing Streptococcus levels even one week post-surgery. Lastly, a 6% H2O2 paint-on varnish and 6% H2O2 tray formulations successfully bleached the teeth of 40 patients, maintaining a noticeably whiter appearance up to the 6-month follow-up, with significant color differences from the baseline (p < 0.005). Synthetic compounds have a large research base, which also provides a greater awareness of their mechanism of action and potential adverse effects. For a better understanding of how they work, several methods and assays are performed. These are protocolary techniques through which a compound's efficacy and toxicity are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania-Irina Dumitrel
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Department of Dental Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ramona Popovici
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Dorin Cristian Dinu
- Family Dental Clinic, Private Practice, 24 Budapesta Street, 307160 Dumbravita, Romania;
| | - Dana Cristina Bratu
- Department of Orthodontics II, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Sim N, Lee H, Goyal N, Cramer JD. Surgical site antiseptic preparations for otolaryngology - Head and neck surgery: A current review. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104280. [PMID: 38615452 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review current literature and guidelines on antiseptic surgical site preparations for preventing surgical site infections with consideration of contraindications specific to head and neck surgery. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, accessdata.fda.gov, Manufacturer websites. REVIEW METHODS A scoping review on the literature and clinical studies comparing the efficacy of different surgical site preparations. Studies were included if they were a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing at least two commonly used and available antiseptic preparations. Additionally, a compilation of warnings and contraindications from manufacturer labels and articles are included. Due to the lack of randomized controlled trials concerning antiseptic preparation use in head and neck surgery specifically, an additional search was executed for articles not limited to randomized controlled trials that compared different antiseptic preparation used in surgeries concerning the head and neck. RESULTS Of 56,983 resulting abstracts and 3798 of them being screened, 25 RCTs were included. These RCTs included a variety of surgeries including gastrointestinal, obstetric, gynecologic, orthopedic, and vascular procedures. When searching for abstracts concerning head and neck surgeries, 9 studies were found and included. CONCLUSIONS To reduce surgical site infections and avoid application in situations with contraindications, practicing surgeons need to be familiar with the existing literature regarding different surgical preparations and what warnings manufacturers have listed on the products. Optimal surgical site preparation for head and neck surgery is challenging as proximity to oxygen contraindicates newer alcohol-based options that are potentially flammable. We summarize evidence-based surgical site preparation for head and neck surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sim
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hannah Lee
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - John D Cramer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Jang HJ, Choi YK, Kwon EY, Choi WH, Song JM. Is it worth applying self-irrigation after third molar extraction? A randomised controlled trial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 60:877-883. [PMID: 35750564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of self-irrigation following the extraction of mandibular third molars. A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted with 155 patients who had undergone extraction of a mandibular third molar. The irrigation group was instructed to self-irrigate the extraction socket with tap water using a syringe three times a day, starting seven days after the tooth extraction. The incidence of complications and mouth opening, halitosis, plaque/gingival index, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) were measured. The irrigation group showed a lower incidence of complications than the non-irrigation group. The halitosis, plaque, and gingival scores were lower by mean (SD) 19.66 (5.19), 0.58 (0.06), and 0.62 (0.08), respectively, in the irrigation group than in the non-irrigation group (p = 0.0001). A greater amount of food packing was associated with higher halitosis, plaque, and gingival scores and poorer OHRQoL (p < 0.05). Further, more frequent irrigation was associated with lower halitosis, plaque, and gingival scores and better OHRQoL (p ≤ 0.016). Self-irrigation of the extraction socket using a syringe containing tap water is a very effective method for keeping the extraction socket clean. This technique reduced halitosis, improved plaque and gingival indices, and increased OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Jang
- (Bio)medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Kyung Choi
- (Bio)medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- (Bio)medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Periodontology, Dental Clinic Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Hyuk Choi
- (Bio)medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Min Song
- (Bio)medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Skeith AE, Morgan DM, Schmidt PC. Vaginal preparation with povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine before hysterectomy: a propensity score matched analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:560.e1-560.e9. [PMID: 34473965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiseptic vaginal preparation is recommended before gynecologic surgery; however, there is a lack of data regarding the effectiveness of different agents. OBJECTIVE To compare rates of postoperative infectious complications and hospital utilization with preoperative vaginal preparation using povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine before hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent hysterectomy for gynecologic indications at 70 hospitals in a statewide surgical collaborative between January 2017 and December 2019. The primary outcome was postoperative infectious complications (including urinary tract infection, surgical site infections involving superficial, deep, or organ space tissues, or cellulitis) within 30 days of surgery. To adjust for confounding, propensity score matching, 1:1 without replacement and with a caliper of.005 was performed to create cohorts that had vaginal preparation with either povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine and did not differ in observable characteristics. We compared the rates of infectious morbidity and hospital utilization (emergency department visits, readmission, reoperation) in the matched cohorts. RESULTS In the statewide collaborative, there were 18,184 patients who received povidone-iodine and 3018 who received chlorhexidine. After propensity score matching of 2935 pairs, the povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine groups did not differ in demographics, comorbidities, choice of preoperative antibiotics, benign vs malignant surgical indication, and surgical approach. Povidone-iodine was associated with a lower rate of infectious morbidity (3.0% vs 4.3%; P=.01), urinary tract infection (1.1% vs 1.7%; P=.03) and emergency department visits (7.9% vs 9.7%; P=.01) than with chlorhexidine. There were nonsignificant trends of lower rates of surgical site infection (2.0% vs 2.7%; P=.07) and reoperation (1.6% vs 2.1%; P=.18). CONCLUSION This propensity score matched analysis provides evidence that povidone-iodine is preferable to chlorhexidine for vaginal preparation before hysterectomy because of lower rates of infectious morbidity and fewer emergency department visits. However, the absolute differences in infectious morbidity rates were approximately 1%, and in the event of an iodine allergy, chlorhexidine appears to be a reasonable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Skeith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Daniel M Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Payton C Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Hsue VB, Itamura K, Wu AW, Illing EA, Sokoloski KJ, Weaver BA, Anthony BP, Hughes N, Ting JY, Higgins TS. Topical Oral and Intranasal Antiviral Agents for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1327:169-189. [PMID: 34279838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the largest viral loads in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present in the oral and nasal cavities, agents that act on these two areas have the potential for large therapeutic and prophylactic benefit. A literature review was conducted to elucidate the possible agents useful in treatment of SARS-CoV-2. These agents were evaluated for their current applications, adverse reactions, their current state of study, and any future considerations in their management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). Our review has found that, while there are many promising agents with proven efficacy in their in-vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, more clinical trials and in-vivo studies, as well as safety trials, must be conducted before these agents can be effectively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor B Hsue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyohei Itamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elisa A Illing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin J Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bree A Weaver
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin P Anthony
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan Hughes
- Pharmacy Operations, Kindred Healthcare Support Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Ting
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Rhinology, Sinus & Skull Base, Kentuckiana Ear, Nose, and Throat, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Pfaff MJ, Musavi L, Wang MM, Haveles CS, Liu C, Rezzadeh KS, Lee JC. Oral Flora and Perioperative Antimicrobial Interventions in Cleft Palate Surgery: A Review of the Literature. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:990-998. [PMID: 33302728 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620977363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of perioperative antibiotics in cleft palate remains a topic of debate. Advocates stress their importance in preventing local and systemic infections and decreasing the incidence of oronasal fistula formation. However, few studies to date have directly evaluated the role of antibiotics and other antimicrobial measures in cleft palate surgery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence surrounding the use of perioperative antibiotics and other antimicrobial interventions in cleft palate surgery. Additionally, we review the literature on the oral flora unique to the cleft palate patient population. METHODS This was accomplished utilizing PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library with MeSH and generic terms. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS This review highlights the lack of higher level evidence on perioperative antibiotic use and other antimicrobial interventions in cleft palatoplasty and calls for further research on the matter. CONCLUSIONS The literature appears to support the use of preoperative antibiotics for cleft palatoplasty, but the benefits of prolonged postoperative antibiotic use remain questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J Pfaff
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Musavi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell M Wang
- David Geffen School of Medicine; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos S Haveles
- David Geffen School of Medicine; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claire Liu
- David Geffen School of Medicine; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kameron S Rezzadeh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justine C Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; 8783University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Madan S, Beri S. Role of povidone iodine in ophthalmic clinical practice amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:NP1-NP3. [PMID: 33143478 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120969610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Madan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.,Associated S.S.K.H & K.S.C. Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Beri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.,Associated S.S.K.H & K.S.C. Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Slots J. Primer on etiology and treatment of progressive/severe periodontitis: A systemic health perspective. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:272-276. [PMID: 32385884 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontology is an infectious disease-based discipline. The etiopathology of progressive/severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and proinflammatory cytokines. Herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria may interact synergistically to produce periodontal breakdown, and periodontal herpesviruses may contribute to systemic diseases. The infectious agents of severe periodontitis reside in deep pockets, furcation lesions, and inflamed gingiva, sites inaccessible by conventional (purely mechanical) surgical or nonsurgical therapy but accessible by systemic antibiotic treatment. This brief overview presents an effective anti-infective treatment of severe periodontitis, which includes systemic chemotherapy/antibiotics against herpesviruses (valacyclovir [acyclovir]) and bacterial pathogens (amoxicillin + metronidazole or ciprofloxacin + metronidazole) plus common antiseptics (povidone-iodine and sodium hypochlorite) and select ultrasonic scaling. The proposed treatment can cause a marked reduction or elimination of major periodontal pathogens, is acceptably safe, and can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Slots
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bidra AS, Pelletier JS, Westover JB, Frank S, Brown SM, Tessema B. Rapid In-Vitro Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Povidone-Iodine Oral Antiseptic Rinse. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:529-533. [PMID: 32511851 PMCID: PMC7300649 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the optimal contact time and concentration for viricidal activity of oral preparation of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2 ('corona virus') to mitigate the risk and transmission of the virus in the dental practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) USA-WA1/2020 strain, virus stock was tested against oral antiseptic solutions consisting of aqueous povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as the sole active ingredient. The PVP-I was tested at diluted concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Test media without any virus was added to 2 tubes of the compounds to serve as toxicity and neutralization controls. Ethanol (70%) was tested in parallel as a positive control, and water only as a negative control. The test solutions and virus were incubated at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C) for time periods of 15 and 30 seconds. The solution was then neutralized by a 1/10 dilution in minimum essential medium (MEM) 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 µg/mL gentamicin. Surviving virus from each sample was quantified by standard end-point dilution assay and the log reduction value (LRV) of each compound compared to the negative (water) control was calculated. RESULTS PVP-I oral antiseptics at all tested concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within 15 seconds of contact. The 70% ethanol control group was unable to completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2 after 15 seconds of contact, but was able to inactivate the virus at 30 seconds of contact. CONCLUSIONS PVP-I oral antiseptic preparations rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. The viricidal activity was present at the lowest concentration of 0.5 % PVP-I and at the lowest contact time of 15 seconds. This important finding can justify the use of preprocedural oral rinsing with PVP-I (for patients and health care providers) may be useful as an adjunct to personal protective equipment, for dental and surgical specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S Bidra
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Jonna B Westover
- The Institute for Antiviral Research at Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Samantha Frank
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Seth M Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.,ProHealth Physicians Ear, Nose and Throat, Farmington, CT
| | - Belachew Tessema
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.,ProHealth Physicians Ear, Nose and Throat, Farmington, CT
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10
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Frank S, Capriotti J, Brown SM, Tessema B. Povidone-Iodine Use in Sinonasal and Oral Cavities: A Review of Safety in the COVID-19 Era. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 99:586-593. [PMID: 32520599 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320932318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approaches to nasal and oral decontamination with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) have been published to reduce nosocomial spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The safety of PVP-I topically applied to the nasal and oral cavity is addressed by a literature review. The specific efficacy of PVP-I against coronaviruses and its potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is discussed. METHODS A review was performed utilizing PubMed and Cochrane Databases. All citations in protocols for nasal and oral PVP-I use regarding COVID-19 were independently reviewed. RESULTS Povidone-iodine has been safely administered for up to 5 months in the nasal cavity and 6 months in the oral cavity. Concentrations less than 2.5% in vitro do not reduce ciliary beat frequency or cause pathological changes in ciliated nasal epithelium, upper respiratory, or mucosal cells. Adverse events with oral use have not been reported in conscious adults or children. Allergy and contact sensitivity is rare. Chronic mucosal use up to 5% has not been shown to result in clinical thyroid disease. PVP-I is rapidly virucidal and inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). CONCLUSIONS Povidone-iodine can safely be used in the nose at concentrations up to 1.25% and in the mouth at concentrations up to 2.5% for up to 5 months. Povidone-iodine rapidly inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS and MERS, when applied for as little as 15 seconds. There is optimism that PVP-I can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, but in vitro efficacy has not yet been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Frank
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Seth M Brown
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.,ProHealth Ear Nose and Throat, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Belachew Tessema
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.,ProHealth Ear Nose and Throat, Farmington, CT, USA
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11
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Kanagalingam J, Amtha R. Povidone-iodine in dental and oral health: a narrative review. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_89_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Luo Q, Diao W, Luo L, Zhang Y. Comparisons of the Computed Tomographic Scan and Panoramic Radiography Before Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Surgery. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3340-3347. [PMID: 29781451 PMCID: PMC5989626 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibular third molar extraction surgery has a postoperative complication of hypoesthesia of the lower lip and/or chin. The objective of the study was to determine if preoperative radiographic examination by panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan can predict postoperative complications of mandibular third molar extraction surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 479 patients who had mandibular third molar extraction surgery were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients had panoramic radiographies and CT scans to determine the relationship of the tooth, the canal, and the buccolingual position. Inferior alveolar nerve sensory impairment was detected using a two-point discrimination method. Wilcoxon test and Tukey's test were used to compare diagnostic modalities at a 99% confidence level. RESULTS Inferior alveolar nerve was more successfully quantified by CT scan compared to panoramic radiography (p<0.0001, q=8.062). Orthopantomography was better than the CT scan in detecting a close relationship of the tooth and the canal (p<0.0001, q=25.609), but the CT scan was better in detecting the buccolingual position of the teeth (p<0.0001, q=36.757). The age of patients (p<0.0001, q=36.757), postoperative bleeding (p<0.0001, q=15.981), and experience of the surgeon (p<0.0001, q=10.99) had an affected on inferior alveolar nerve sensory impairment. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative panoramic radiography, CT scan, age, the experience of the surgeon, and postoperative bleeding can predict postoperative complications for extraction of a mandibular third molar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wanglun Diao
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
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