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Joshi A, Kaur T, Singh N. Exploiting the Biophysical Cues toward Dual Differentiation of hMSC's within Geometrical Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6691-6697. [PMID: 37129583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been known to affect the differentiation of stem cells in vivo. In particular, the biophysical cues and cell shape have been known to affect the stem cell function, yet very little is known about the interplay between how these cues control differentiation. For the first time, by using photolithography to pattern poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), patterns of square and triangular geometries were created, and the effect of these structures and the biophysical cues arising were utilized to differentiate cells into multiple lineages inside a same pattern without the use of any adhered protein or growth factors. The data from these studies showed that the cells present at the edges were well elongated, exhibit high aspect ratios, and differentiated into osteogenic lineage, whereas the cells present at the center exhibit lower aspect ratio and were primarily adipogenic lineage regardless of the geometry. This was correlated to the higher expression of focal adhesion proteins at the edges, the expression of which have been known to affect the osteogenic differentiation. By showing MSC lineage commitment relationships due to physical signals, this study highlights the importance of these cues and cell shape in further understanding stem cell behavior for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Joshi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tejinder Kaur
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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2
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The Role of Tissue Geometry in Spinal Cord Regeneration. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58040542. [PMID: 35454380 PMCID: PMC9028021 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Unlike peripheral nerves, axonal regeneration is limited following injury to the spinal cord. While there may be reduced regenerative potential of injured neurons, the central nervous system (CNS) white matter environment appears to be more significant in limiting regrowth. Several factors may inhibit regeneration, and their neutralization can modestly enhance regrowth. However, most investigations have not considered the cytoarchitecture of spinal cord white matter. Several lines of investigation demonstrate that axonal regeneration is enhanced by maintaining, repairing, or reconstituting the parallel geometry of the spinal cord white matter. In this review, we focus on environmental factors that have been implicated as putative inhibitors of axonal regeneration and the evidence that their organization may be an important determinant in whether they inhibit or promote regeneration. Consideration of tissue geometry may be important for developing successful strategies to promote spinal cord regeneration.
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3
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Zhou P, Qin L, Ge Z, Xie B, Huang H, He F, Ma S, Ren L, Shi J, Pei S, Dong G, Qi Y, Lan F. Design of chemically defined synthetic substrate surfaces for the in vitro maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1968-1990. [PMID: 35226397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into nearly all cell types in vitro. Prior to the downstream applications, the design of chemically defined synthetic substrates for the large-scale proliferation of quality-controlled hPSCs is critical. Although great achievements have been made, Matrigel and recombinant proteins are still widely used in the fundamental research and clinical applications. Therefore, much effort is still needed to improve the performance of synthetic substrates in the culture of hPSCs, realizing their commercial applications. In this review, we summarized the design of reported synthetic substrates and especially their limitations in terms of cell culture. Moreover, much attention was paid to the development of promising peptide displaying surfaces. Besides, the biophysical regulation of synthetic substrate surfaces as well as the three-dimensional culture systems were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liying Qin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Biyao Xie
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengqin Ma
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Ren
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Centre, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Suying Pei
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Genxi Dong
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Han P, Vaquette C, Abdal-hay A, Ivanovski S. The Mechanosensing and Global DNA Methylation of Human Osteoblasts on MEW Fibers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112943. [PMID: 34835707 PMCID: PMC8621030 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with 3D fibrous platform topography via a nano-scaled focal adhesion complex, and more research is required on how osteoblasts sense and respond to random and aligned fibers through nano-sized focal adhesions and their downstream events. The present study assessed human primary osteoblast cells’ sensing and response to random and aligned medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous 3D scaffolds fabricated via the melt electrowriting (MEW) technique. Cells cultured on a tissue culture plate (TCP) were used as 2D controls. Compared to 2D TCP, 3D MEW fibrous substrates led to immature vinculin focal adhesion formation and significantly reduced nuclear localization of the mechanosensor-yes-associated protein (YAP). Notably, aligned MEW fibers induced elongated cell and nucleus shape and highly activated global DNA methylation of 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and N-6 methylated deoxyadenosine compared to the random fibers. Furthermore, although osteogenic markers (osterix-OSX and bone sialoprotein-BSP) were significantly enhanced in PCL-R and PCL-A groups at seven days post-osteogenic differentiation, calcium deposits on all seeded samples did not show a difference after normalizing for DNA content after three weeks of osteogenic induction. Overall, our study linked 3D extracellular fiber alignment to nano-focal adhesion complex, nuclear mechanosensing, DNA epigenetics at an early point (24 h), and longer-term changes in osteoblast osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.V.); (A.A.-h.)
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.V.); (A.A.-h.)
| | - Abdalla Abdal-hay
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.V.); (A.A.-h.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.V.); (A.A.-h.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Bioinstructive Micro-Nanotextured Zirconia Ceramic Interfaces for Guiding and Stimulating an Osteogenic Response In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122465. [PMID: 33317084 PMCID: PMC7764817 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osseous implantology’s material requirements include a lack of potential for inducing allergic disorders and providing both functional and esthetic features for the patient’s benefit. Despite being bioinert, Zirconia ceramics have become a candidate of interest to be used as an alternative to titanium dental and cochlear bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) implants, implying the need for endowing the surface with biologically instructive properties by changing basic parameters such as surface texture. Within this context, we propose anisotropic and isotropic patterns (linear microgroove arrays, and superimposed crossline microgroove arrays, respectively) textured in zirconia substrates, as bioinstructive interfaces to guide the cytoskeletal organization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The designed textured micro-nano interfaces with either steep ridges and microgratings or curved edges, and nanoroughened walls obtained by direct femtosecond laser texturing are used to evaluate the hMSC response parameters and osteogenic differentiation to each topography. Our results show parallel micro line anisotropic surfaces are able to guide cell growth only for the steep surfaces, while the curved ones reduce the initial response and show the lowest osteogenic response. An improved osteogenic phenotype of hMSCs is obtained when grown onto isotropic grid/pillar-like patterns, showing an improved cell coverage and Ca/P ratio, with direct implications for BAHA prosthetic development, or other future applications in regenerating bone defects.
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6
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Gong Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Ai X, Yan B, Wang H, Qiu L, Tan Y, Witman N, Wang W, Zhao Y, Fu W. Intrinsic Color Sensing System Allows for Real-Time Observable Functional Changes on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8232-8246. [PMID: 32609489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell based in vitro differentiation for disease modeling offers great value to explore the molecular and functional underpinnings driving many types of cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases. Nevertheless, one major caveat in the application of in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) involves the immature phenotype of the CMs. Most of the existing methods need complex apparatus and require laborious procedures in order to monitor the cardiac differentiation/maturation process and often result in cell death. Here we developed an intrinsic color sensing system utilizing a microgroove structural color methacrylated gelatin film, which allows us to monitor the cardiac differentiation process of hiPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells in real time. Subsequently this system can be employed as an assay system to live monitor induced functional changes on hiPSC-CMs stemming from drug treatment, the effects of which are simply revealed through color diversity. Our research shows that early intervention of cardiac differentiation through simple physical cues can enhance cardiac differentiation and maturation to some extent. Our system also simplifies the previous complex experimental processes for evaluating the physiological effects of successful differentiation and drug treatment and lays a solid foundation for future transformational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng Ai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liya Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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7
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Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Bonakdar S, Shokrgozar MA, Zaminy A, Vali H, Faghihi S. Engineered substrates with imprinted cell-like topographies induce direct differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1022-1035. [PMID: 30942113 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1586718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells to Schwann is considered efficient way for nerve regeneration since the sources of human Schwann cells are limited for clinical application. It is demonstrated that mimicking micromechanical forces or micro/nanotopographical environments that stem cells are experienced in vivo could control their fate. Here, the potency of substrates with imprinted cell-like topographies for direct differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) into Schwann cells (SCs) is reported. For the preparation of substrates with imprinted SC-Like topographies, SCs are isolated from the sciatic nerve, grown, fixed, and then SC morphologies are transferred to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by mold casting. Subsequently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are seeded on the SC-imprinted substrates and their differentiation to SCs is evaluated by immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Analysis of morphology and expression of SC-specific markers show that MSCs cultured on the imprinted substrates have the typical SC-like morphology and express SC-specific markers including S100b, p75NTR, and Sox10. It is believed that specific cell-like topographies and related micromechanical cues can be sufficient for direct differentiation of ADSCs into Schwann cells by cell-imprinting method as a physical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group , National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- b National Cell Bank , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Arash Zaminy
- c Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- d Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada.,e Facility for Electron Microscopy Research , McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Shahab Faghihi
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group , National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) , Tehran , Iran
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8
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Moghaddam MM, Bonakdar S, Shariatpanahi MR, Shokrgozar MA, Faghihi S. The Effect of Physical Cues on the Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:268-277. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666181227120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms is a very complex and organized process during which cells respond to various factors and features in extracellular environments. It has been demonstrated that during embryonic evolvement, under certain physiological or experimental conditions, unspecialized cells or stem cells can be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Considering the importance of physical cues in stem cell fate, the present study reviews the role of physical factors in stem cells differentiation and discusses the molecular mechanisms associated with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad M. Moghaddam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 3159915111, Iran
| | | | | | - Shahab Faghihi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
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9
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Simulated tissue growth for 3D printed scaffolds. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1481-1495. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Rico-Varela J, Ho D, Wan LQ. In Vitro Microscale Models for Embryogenesis. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700235. [PMID: 30533517 PMCID: PMC6286056 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is a highly regulated developmental process requiring complex mechanical and biochemical microenvironments to give rise to a fully developed and functional embryo. Significant efforts have been taken to recapitulate specific features of embryogenesis by presenting the cells with developmentally relevant signals. The outcomes, however, are limited partly due to the complexity of this biological process. Microtechnologies such as micropatterned and microfluidic systems, along with new emerging embryonic stem cell-based models, could potentially serve as powerful tools to study embryogenesis. The aim of this article is to review major studies involving the culturing of pluripotent stem cells using different geometrical patterns, microfluidic platforms, and embryo/embryoid body-on-a-chip modalities. Indeed, new research opportunities have emerged for establishing in vitro culture for studying human embryogenesis and for high-throughput pharmacological testing platforms and disease models to prevent defects in early stages of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rico-Varela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Dominic Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Leo Q. Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
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11
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Barui A, Chowdhury F, Pandit A, Datta P. Rerouting mesenchymal stem cell trajectory towards epithelial lineage by engineering cellular niche. Biomaterials 2018; 156:28-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Wan LQ, Chin AS, Worley KE, Ray P. Cell chirality: emergence of asymmetry from cell culture. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0413. [PMID: 27821525 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intrinsic cell chirality significantly contributes to the left-right (LR) asymmetry in embryonic development, which is a well-conserved characteristic of living organisms. With animal embryos, several theories have been established, but there are still controversies regarding mechanisms associated with embryonic LR symmetry breaking and the formation of asymmetric internal organs. Recently, in vitro systems have been developed to determine cell chirality and to recapitulate multicellular chiral morphogenesis on a chip. These studies demonstrate that chirality is indeed a universal property of the cell that can be observed with well-controlled experiments such as micropatterning. In this paper, we discuss the possible benefits of these in vitro systems to research in LR asymmetry, categorize available platforms for single-cell chirality and multicellular chiral morphogenesis, and review mathematical models used for in vitro cell chirality and its applications in in vivo embryonic development. These recent developments enable the interrogation of the intracellular machinery in LR axis establishment and accelerate research in birth defects in laterality.This article is part of the themed issue 'Provocative questions in left-right asymmetry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA .,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.,Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Amanda S Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kathryn E Worley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Poulomi Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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13
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Improved human endometrial stem cells differentiation into functional hepatocyte-like cells on a glycosaminoglycan/collagen-grafted polyethersulfone nanofibrous scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2516-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Raymond MJ, Ray P, Kaur G, Fredericks M, Singh AV, Wan LQ. Multiaxial Polarity Determines Individual Cellular and Nuclear Chirality. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 10:63-74. [PMID: 28360944 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic cell chirality has been implicated in the left-right (LR) asymmetry of embryonic development. Impaired cell chirality could lead to severe birth defects in laterality. Previously, we detected cell chirality with an in vitro micropatterning system. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that chirality can be quantified as the coordination of multiaxial polarization of individual cells and nuclei. Using an object labeling, connected component based method, we characterized cell chirality based on cell and nuclear shape polarization and nuclear positioning of each cell in multicellular patterns of epithelial cells. We found that the cells adopted a LR bias the boundaries by positioning the sharp end towards the leading edge and leaving the nucleus at the rear. This behavior is consistent with the directional migration observed previously on the boundary of micropatterns. Although the nucleus is chirally aligned, it is not strongly biased towards or away from the boundary. As the result of the rear positioning of nuclei, the nuclear positioning has an opposite chirality to that of cell alignment. Overall, our results have revealed deep insights of chiral morphogenesis as the coordination of multiaxial polarization at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Raymond
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Poulomi Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Michael Fredericks
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Ajay V Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180; Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
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15
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Controlling Cell Functions and Fate with Surfaces and Hydrogels: The Role of Material Features in Cell Adhesion and Signal Transduction. Gels 2016; 2:gels2010012. [PMID: 30674144 PMCID: PMC6318664 DOI: 10.3390/gels2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In their natural environment, cells are constantly exposed to a cohort of biochemical and biophysical signals that govern their functions and fate. Therefore, materials for biomedical applications, either in vivo or in vitro, should provide a replica of the complex patterns of biological signals. Thus, the development of a novel class of biomaterials requires, on the one side, the understanding of the dynamic interactions occurring at the interface of cells and materials; on the other, it requires the development of technologies able to integrate multiple signals precisely organized in time and space. A large body of studies aimed at investigating the mechanisms underpinning cell-material interactions is mostly based on 2D systems. While these have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the recognition of and reaction to material stimuli, they lack the ability to capture central features of the natural cellular environment, such as dimensionality, remodelling and degradability. In this work, we review the fundamental traits of material signal sensing and cell response. We then present relevant technologies and materials that enable fabricating systems able to control various aspects of cell behavior, and we highlight potential differences that arise from 2D and 3D settings.
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16
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Hong S, Lee JY, Hwang C, Shin JH, Park Y. Inhibition of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Increases the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates via Paracrine Effects. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:233-43. [PMID: 26592750 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of multiple cells, such as mesenchymal condensation, is an important biological process in skeletal muscle development, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis. Due to limited in vivo study model systems, a simple and effective in vitro three-dimensional (3D) aggregation system is required to study the mechanisms of multicellular aggregation and its applications. We first generated controlled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates using a bioprinting technique to monitor their aggregation and sprouting. We induced the angiogenic potential of the MSCs through chemical inhibition of the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, which led to hairy sprouting in the aggregates. The angiogenic potential of this 3D construct was then tested by subcutaneously implanting the Matrigel with 3D MSC aggregates in a rat. Treatment of 3D MSCs with the ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, increased their angiogenic activity in vivo. The gene expressions and histological staining indicated that angiogenesis and neovascularization were mainly regulated by the paracrine factors secreted from human 3D MSC constructs. Our results demonstrate the enhancement of the angiogenic potential of the MSC constructs through the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by the inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Changmo Hwang
- 2 Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering , KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
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17
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Raymond MJ, Ray P, Kaur G, Singh AV, Wan LQ. Cellular and Nuclear Alignment Analysis for Determining Epithelial Cell Chirality. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1475-86. [PMID: 26294010 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Left-right (LR) asymmetry is a biologically conserved property in living organisms that can be observed in the asymmetrical arrangement of organs and tissues and in tissue morphogenesis, such as the directional looping of the gastrointestinal tract and heart. The expression of LR asymmetry in embryonic tissues can be appreciated in biased cell alignment. Previously an in vitro chirality assay was reported by patterning multiple cells on microscale defined geometries and quantified the cell phenotype-dependent LR asymmetry, or cell chirality. However, morphology and chirality of individual cells on micropatterned surfaces has not been well characterized. Here, a Python-based algorithm was developed to identify and quantify immunofluorescence stained individual epithelial cells on multicellular patterns. This approach not only produces results similar to the image intensity gradient-based method reported previously, but also can capture properties of single cells such as area and aspect ratio. We also found that cell nuclei exhibited biased alignment. Around 35% cells were misaligned and were typically smaller and less elongated. This new imaging analysis approach is an effective tool for measuring single cell chirality inside multicellular structures and can potentially help unveil biophysical mechanisms underlying cellular chiral bias both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Raymond
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Poulomi Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ajay V Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Department of Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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18
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Mashinchian O, Turner LA, Dalby MJ, Laurent S, Shokrgozar MA, Bonakdar S, Imani M, Mahmoudi M. Regulation of stem cell fate by nanomaterial substrates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:829-47. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are increasingly studied because of their potential to underpin a range of novel therapies, including regenerative strategies, cell type-specific therapy and tissue repair, among others. Bionanomaterials can mimic the stem cell environment and modulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation. New advances in these fields are presented in this review. This work highlights the importance of topography and elasticity of the nano-/micro-environment, or niche, for the initiation and induction of stem cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14177–55469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lesley-Anne Turner
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic & Biomedical Chemistry, NMR & Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- CMMI – Center for Microscopy & Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, PO Box 13169–43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155–6451, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
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Astrocytes increase ATP exocytosis mediated calcium signaling in response to microgroove structures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7847. [PMID: 25597401 PMCID: PMC4297955 DOI: 10.1038/srep07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Following central nervous system (CNS) injury, activated astrocytes form glial scars, which inhibit axonal regeneration, leading to long-term functional deficits. Engineered nanoscale scaffolds guide cell growth and enhance regeneration within models of spinal cord injury. However, the effects of micro-/nanosize scaffolds on astrocyte function are not well characterized. In this study, a high throughput (HTP) microscale platform was developed to study astrocyte cell behavior on micropatterned surfaces containing 1 μm spacing grooves with a depth of 250 or 500 nm. Significant changes in cell and nuclear elongation and alignment on patterned surfaces were observed, compared to on flat surfaces. The cytoskeleton components (particularly actin filaments and focal adhesions) and nucleus-centrosome axis were aligned along the grooved direction as well. More interestingly, astrocytes on micropatterned surfaces showed enhanced mitochondrial activity with lysosomes localized at the lamellipodia of the cells, accompanied by enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and calcium activities. These data indicate that the lysosome-mediated ATP exocytosis and calcium signaling may play an important role in astrocytic responses to substrate topology. These new findings have furthered our understanding of the biomechanical regulation of astrocyte cell–substrate interactions, and may benefit the optimization of scaffold design for CNS healing.
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