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La Pietra V, Sartini S, Botta L, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Moriconi A, Coviello V, Quattrini L, Ke YY, Hsing-Pang H, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, La Motta C, Marinelli L. Challenging clinically unresponsive medullary thyroid cancer: Discovery and pharmacological activity of novel RET inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:491-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Watson AJ, Hopkins GV, Hitchin S, Begum H, Jones S, Jordan A, Holt S, March HN, Newton R, Small H, Stowell A, Waddell ID, Waszkowycz B, Ogilvie DJ. Identification of selective inhibitors of RET and comparison with current clinical candidates through development and validation of a robust screening cascade. F1000Res 2016; 5:1005. [PMID: 27429741 PMCID: PMC4937820 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8724.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RET (REarranged during Transfection) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays pivotal roles in regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, migration and chemotaxis. Activation of RET is a mechanism of oncogenesis in medullary thyroid carcinomas where both germline and sporadic activating somatic mutations are prevalent. At present, there are no known specific RET inhibitors in clinical development, although many potent inhibitors of RET have been opportunistically identified through selectivity profiling of compounds initially designed to target other tyrosine kinases. Vandetanib and cabozantinib, both multi-kinase inhibitors with RET activity, are approved for use in medullary thyroid carcinoma, but additional pharmacological activities, most notably inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGFR2 (KDR), lead to dose-limiting toxicity. The recent identification of RET fusions present in ~1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients has renewed interest in the identification and development of more selective RET inhibitors lacking the toxicities associated with the current treatments. In an earlier publication [Newton et al, 2016; 1] we reported the discovery of a series of 2-substituted phenol quinazolines as potent and selective RET kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the development of the robust screening cascade which allowed the identification and advancement of this chemical series. Furthermore we have profiled a panel of RET-active clinical compounds both to validate the cascade and to confirm that none display a RET-selective target profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Watson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gemma V. Hopkins
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Samantha Hitchin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Habiba Begum
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Stuart Jones
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan Jordan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sarah Holt
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - H. Nikki March
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rebecca Newton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Helen Small
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Alex Stowell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ian D. Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J. Ogilvie
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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Watson AJ, Hopkins GV, Hitchin S, Begum H, Jones S, Jordan A, Holt S, March HN, Newton R, Small H, Stowell A, Waddell ID, Waszkowycz B, Ogilvie DJ. Identification of selective inhibitors of RET and comparison with current clinical candidates through development and validation of a robust screening cascade. F1000Res 2016; 5:1005. [PMID: 27429741 PMCID: PMC4937820 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RET (REarranged during Transfection) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays pivotal roles in regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, migration and chemotaxis. Activation of RET is a mechanism of oncogenesis in medullary thyroid carcinomas where both germline and sporadic activating somatic mutations are prevalent. At present, there are no known specific RET inhibitors in clinical development, although many potent inhibitors of RET have been opportunistically identified through selectivity profiling of compounds initially designed to target other tyrosine kinases. Vandetanib and cabozantinib, both multi-kinase inhibitors with RET activity, are approved for use in medullary thyroid carcinoma, but additional pharmacological activities, most notably inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGFR2 (KDR), lead to dose-limiting toxicity. The recent identification of RET fusions present in ~1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients has renewed interest in the identification and development of more selective RET inhibitors lacking the toxicities associated with the current treatments. In an earlier publication [Newton et al, 2016; 1] we reported the discovery of a series of 2-substituted phenol quinazolines as potent and selective RET kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the development of the robust screening cascade which allowed the identification and advancement of this chemical series. Furthermore we have profiled a panel of RET-active clinical compounds both to validate the cascade and to confirm that none display a RET-selective target profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Watson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Gemma V. Hopkins
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Samantha Hitchin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Habiba Begum
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Stuart Jones
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan Jordan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sarah Holt
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - H. Nikki March
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rebecca Newton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Helen Small
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Alex Stowell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ian D. Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J. Ogilvie
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Drug Discovery Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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Ragot T, Provost C, Prignon A, Cohen R, Lepoivre M, Lausson S. Apoptosis induction by combination of drugs or a conjugated molecule associating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and nitric oxide donor effects in medullary thyroid cancer models: implication of the tumor suppressor p73. Thyroid Res 2015; 8:13. [PMID: 26273323 PMCID: PMC4535850 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-015-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a C-cell neoplasm. Surgery remains its main treatment. Promising therapies based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors demand careful patient selection. We previously observed that two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), indomethacin, celecoxib, and nitric oxide (NO) prevented tumor growth in a model of human MTC cell line (TT) in nude mice. METHODS In the present study, we tested the NO donor: glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), at pharmacological dose, alone and in combination with each of the two NSAIDs on TT cells. We also assessed the anti-proliferative potential of NO-indomethacin, an indomethacin molecule chemically conjugated with a NO moiety (NCX 530, Nicox SA) on TT cells and indomethacin/GTN association in rMTC 6-23 cells. The anti-tumoral action of the combined sc. injections of GTN with oral delivery of indomethacin was also studied on subcutaneous TT tumors in nude mice. Apoptosis mechanisms were assessed by expression of caspase-3, TAp73α, TAp73α inhibition by siRNA or Annexin V externalisation. RESULTS The two NSAIDs and GTN reduced mitotic activity in TT cells versus control (cell number and PCNA protein expression). The combined treatments amplified the anti-tumor effect of single agents in the two tested cell lines and promoted cell death. Moreover, indomethacin/GTN association stopped the growth of established TT tumors in nude mice. We observed a significant cleavage of full length PARP, a caspase-3 substrate. The cell death appearance was correlated with a two-fold increase in TAp73α expression, with inhibition of apoptosis after TAp73α siRNA addition, demonstrating its crucial role in apoptosis. CONCLUSION Association of NO with NSAID exhibited amplified anti-tumoral effects on in vitro and in vivo MTC models by inducing p73-dependent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Ragot
- UMR 8203, Gustave Roussy, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et de Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, Villejuif, 94805 France ; UMR 8203, CNRS, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, Villejuif, 94805 France ; UMR 8203, Univ Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, Villejuif, 94805 France
| | - Claire Provost
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, plateforme LIMP, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Médicale Positonique, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, 75020 France
| | - Aurélie Prignon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, plateforme LIMP, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Médicale Positonique, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, 75020 France
| | - Régis Cohen
- Hopital Delafontaine, Endocrinology Unit, Saint Denis, France
| | - Michel Lepoivre
- IBBMC, CNRS 8619, bat 430, Université Paris Sud XI, Orsay, Paris, 91405 France
| | - Sylvie Lausson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, plateforme LIMP, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Médicale Positonique, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, 75020 France
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Lapa C, Werner RA, Schmid JS, Papp L, Zsótér N, Biko J, Reiners C, Herrmann K, Buck AK, Bundschuh RA. Prognostic value of positron emission tomography-assessed tumor heterogeneity in patients with thyroid cancer undergoing treatment with radiopeptide therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:349-54. [PMID: 25595135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a treatment option for both iodine-refractory differentiated and advanced medullary thyroid cancer (TC). It requires over-expression of somatostatin receptor subtype II (SSTR) that can be non-invasively assessed by positron emission tomography (PET). Assessment of tumor heterogeneity is increasingly used as a tool for prognostication prediction. We investigated the potential of SSTR-PET to assess intraindividual tumor heterogeneity and thereby treatment response prior to PRRT. METHODS 12 patients with progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated (1 papillary, 1 oxyphilic, 2 oncocytic, 4 follicular) or medullary (n=4) TC were enrolled. SSTR-PET was performed at baseline. Conventional PET parameters and heterogeneity parameters were analyzed regarding their potential to predict progression-free (PFS, mean, 221 days) and overall survival (OS, mean, 450 days). Parameters of a subgroup of lesions (n=23) were also correlated with morphological response according to modified RECIST criteria. RESULTS In patient-based analysis, all conventional parameters failed to predict PFS. Several textural parameters showed a significant capability to assess PFS. Thereby, "Grey level non uniformity" had the highest area under the curve (AUC, 0.93) in Receiver operating characteristics analysis followed by "Contrast" (AUC, 0.89). In lesion-based analysis, only "Entropy" revealed potential to evaluate disease progression. OS could not be assessed by any parameter investigated. CONCLUSIONS Tumor heterogeneity seems to be a predictor of response to PRRT in patients with iodine-refractory differentiated/advanced medullary thyroid cancer and outperforms conventional PET parameters like standardized uptake value. In a "theranostic" approach, assessment of textural parameters may help in selecting patients who might benefit from PRRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jan-Stefan Schmid
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Laszló Papp
- Mediso Medical Imaging Systems Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Johannes Biko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Reiners
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ralph A Bundschuh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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