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Li YQ, Wang KZ. Photoelectrocatalytic Dioxygen Reduction Based on a Novel Thiophene-Functionalized Tricarbonylchloro(1,10-phenanthroline)rhenium(I). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073229. [PMID: 37049999 PMCID: PMC10096527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Re (I) complex of [Re(CO)3Cl(L)], {L = 2-([2,2’-bithiophen]-5-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline}, was synthesized, and its optical (UV–Visible absorption and emission spectroscopy), cyclovoltammetric and photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction properties were studied. The geometric and electronic properties were also investigated by density functional theory calculations. It was found that the ITO electrode coated with drop-casted [Re(CO)3Cl(L)] film exhibited cathodic photocurrent generation characteristics. The illuminated film exhibited a maximum cathodic photocurrent up to 30.4 μA/cm2 with an illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2 white light at a bias potential of −0.4 V vs. SCE in O2-saturated electrolyte solution, which was reduced by 5.1-fold when thoroughly deoxygenated electrolyte solution was used, signaling that the electrode performed well on the photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction. The photo-electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production was proved with a maximum H2O2 concentration of 6.39 μM during 5 h of the photoelectrocatalytic process. This work would guide the construction of more efficient rhenium-based photo(electro)catalytic molecular systems for O2 sensing, hydrogen peroxide production and other types of photoelectrochemical energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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Fernández-Terán RJ, Sévery L. Coordination Environment Prevents Access to Intraligand Charge-Transfer States through Remote Substitution in Rhenium(I) Terpyridinedicarbonyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1325-1333. [PMID: 33301310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six rhenium(I) κ3N-dicarbonyl complexes with 4'-(4-substituted phenyl)terpyridine ligands were evaluated in their ground and excited states. These complexes, bearing substituents of different electron-donating strengths-from CN to NMe2-were studied by a combination of transient IR (TRIR), electrochemistry, and IR spectroelectrochemistry, as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). They exhibit panchromatic absorption and can act as stronger photoreductants than their tricarbonyl counterparts. The ground- and excited-state potentials, absorption maxima, and lifetimes (250-750 ps) of these complexes correlate well with the Hammett σp substituent constants, showing the systematic effect of remote substitution in the ligand framework. TRIR spectroscopy allowed us to assign the lowest singlet and triplet excited states to a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character. This result contrasts our previous report on analogous κ2N-tricarbonyl complexes, where remote substitution switched the character from MLCT to intraligand charge transfer. With the help of TD-DFT calculations, we dissect the geometric and electronic effects of coordination of the third pyridine, local symmetries, and increasing conjugation length. These results give valuable insights for the design of complexes with long-lived triplet excited states and enhanced absorption throughout the visible spectrum, while showcasing the boundaries of the excited-state switching strategy via remote substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Sévery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Fernández-Terán R, Sévery L. Living Long and Prosperous: Productive Intraligand Charge-Transfer States from a Rhenium(I) Terpyridine Photosensitizer with Enhanced Light Absorption. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:1334-1343. [PMID: 32909754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ground- and excited-state properties of six rhenium(I) κ2N-tricarbonyl complexes with 4'-(4-substituted-phenyl)terpyridine ligands bearing substituents of different electron-donating abilities were evaluated. Significant modulation of the electrochemical potentials and a nearly 4-fold variation of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) lifetimes were observed upon going from CN to OMe. With the more electron-donating NMe2 group, we observed in the κ2N complex the appearance of a very strong absorption band, red-shifted by ca. 100 nm with respect to the other complexes. This was accompanied by a dramatic enhancement of the excited-state lifetime (380 vs 1.5 ns), and a character change from 3MLCT to intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT), despite the remote location of the substituent. The dynamics and character of the excited states of all complexes were assigned by combining transient IR spectroscopy, IR spectroelectrochemistry, and (time-dependent) density functional theory calculations. Selected complexes were evaluated as photosensitizers for hydrogen production, with the κ2N-NMe2 complex resulting in a stable and efficient photocatalytic system reaching TONRe values of over 2100, representing the first application of the 3ILCT state of a rhenium(I) carbonyl complex in a stable photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Terán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Sévery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
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Du JP, Wilting A, Siewert I. Are Two Metal Ions Better than One? Mono- and Binuclear α-Diimine-Re(CO) 3 Complexes with Proton-Responsive Ligands in CO 2 Reduction Catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:5555-5564. [PMID: 30695114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here, the reduction chemistry of mono- and binuclear α-diimine-Re(CO)3 complexes with proton responsive ligands and their application in the electrochemically-driven CO2 reduction catalysis are presented. The work was aimed to investigate the impact of 1) two metal ions in close proximity and 2) an internal proton source on catalysis. Therefore, three different Re complexes, a binuclear one with a central phenol unit, 3, and two mononuclear, one having a central phenol unit, 1, and one with a methoxy unit, 2, were utilised. All complexes are active in the CO2 -to-CO conversion and CO is always the major product. The catalytic rate constant kcat for all three complexes is much higher and the overpotential is lower in DMF/water mixtures than in pure DMF (DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies in the absence of substrate revealed that this is due to an accelerated chloride ion loss after initial reduction in DMF/water mixtures in comparison to pure DMF. Chloride ion loss is necessary for subsequent CO2 binding and this step is around ten times faster in the presence of water [2: kCl (DMF)≈1.7 s-1 ; kCl (DMF/H2 O)≈20 s-1 ]. The binuclear complex 3 with a proton responsive phenol unit is more active than the mononuclear complexes. In the presence of water, the observed rate constant kobs for 3 is four times higher than of 2, in the absence of water even ten times. Thus, the two metal centres are beneficial for catalysis. Lastly, the investigation showed that the phenol unit has no impact on the rate of the catalysis, it even slows down the CO2 -to-CO conversion. This is due to an unproductive, competitive side reaction: After initial reduction, 1 and 3 loose either Cl- or undergo a reductive OH deprotonation forming a phenolate unit. The phenolate could bind to the metal centre blocking the sixth coordination site for CO2 activation. In DMF, O-H bond breaking and Cl- ion loss have similar rate constants [1: kCl (DMF)≈2 s-1 , kOH ≈1.5 s-1 ], in water/DMF Cl- loss is much faster. Thus, the effect on the catalytic rate is more pronounced in DMF. However, the acidic protons lower the overpotential of the catalysis by about 150 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Pei Du
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wilting
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Taylor JO, Leavey RD, Hartl F. Solvent and Ligand Substitution Effects on the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
with [Mo(CO)4
(x,x
′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)] (x
=4-6) Enhanced at a Gold Cathodic Surface. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James O. Taylor
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD
| | - Roisín D. Leavey
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD
| | - František Hartl
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy Department of Chemistry; University of Reading; Whiteknights Campus Reading RG6 6AD
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Tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes with the N-methylpyridine-2-carbothioamide ligand – Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Whang DR, Apaydin DH, Park SY, Sariciftci NS. An electron-reservoir Re(I) complex for enhanced efficiency for reduction of CO2 to CO. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Francke R, Schille B, Roemelt M. Homogeneously Catalyzed Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide-Methods, Mechanisms, and Catalysts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4631-4701. [PMID: 29319300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of CO2 via electrochemical reduction constitutes a promising approach toward production of value-added chemicals or fuels using intermittent renewable energy sources. For this purpose, molecular electrocatalysts are frequently studied and the recent progress both in tuning of the catalytic properties and in mechanistic understanding is truly remarkable. While in earlier years research efforts were focused on complexes with rare metal centers such as Re, Ru, and Pd, the focus has recently shifted toward earth-abundant transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. By application of appropriate ligands, these metals have been rendered more than competitive for CO2 reduction compared to the heavier homologues. In addition, the important roles of the second and outer coordination spheres in the catalytic processes have become apparent, and metal-ligand cooperativity has recently become a well-established tool for further tuning of the catalytic behavior. Surprising advances have also been made with very simple organocatalysts, although the mechanisms behind their reactivity are not yet entirely understood. Herein, the developments of the last three decades in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with homogeneous catalysts are reviewed. A discussion of the underlying mechanistic principles is included along with a treatment of the experimental and computational techniques for mechanistic studies and catalyst benchmarking. Important catalyst families are discussed in detail with regard to mechanistic aspects, and recent advances in the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Francke
- Institute of Chemistry , Rostock University , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Benjamin Schille
- Institute of Chemistry , Rostock University , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany.,Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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12
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Nakada A, Ishitani O. Selective Electrocatalysis of a Water-Soluble Rhenium(I) Complex for CO2 Reduction Using Water As an Electron Donor. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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13
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Apaydin DH, Schlager S, Portenkirchner E, Sariciftci NS. Organic, Organometallic and Bioorganic Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3094-3116. [PMID: 28383174 PMCID: PMC5708279 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A broad review of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic approaches toward CO2 reduction using organic, organometallic, and bioorganic systems is provided. Electrochemical, bioelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches are discussed in terms of their faradaic efficiencies, overpotentials and reaction mechanisms. Organometallic complexes as well as semiconductors and their homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic activities are compared to enzymes. In both cases, their immobilization on electrodes is discussed and compared to homogeneous catalysts in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogukan Hazar Apaydin
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzA-4040LinzAustria
| | - Stefanie Schlager
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzA-4040LinzAustria
| | | | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzA-4040LinzAustria
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Aljabour A, Apaydin DH, Coskun H, Ozel F, Ersoz M, Stadler P, Sariciftci NS, Kus M. Improvement of Catalytic Activity by Nanofibrous CuInS 2 for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31695-31701. [PMID: 27802019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports the application of chalcopyrite semiconductor CuInS2 (CIS) nanofibers for the reduction of CO2 to CO with a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 77 ± 4%. Initially the synthesis of CuInS2 nanofibers was carried out by adaptable electrospinning technique. To reduce the imperfection in the crystalline fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was selected as template polymer. Afterward, the desired chemical structure of nanofibers was achieved through sulfurization process. Making continuous CuInS2 nanofibers on the cathode surface by the electrospinning method brings the advantages of being economical, environmentally safe, and versatile. The obtained nanofibers of well investigated size and diameter according to the SEM (scanning electron microscope) were used in electrochemical studies. An improvement of Faradaic efficiency was achieved with the catalytic active CuInS2 in nanofibrous structure as compared to the solution processed CuInS2. This underlines the important effect of the electrode fabrication on the catalytic performance. Being less contaminated as compared to solution processing, and having a well-defined composition and increased catalytically active area, the CuInS2 nanofiber electrodes prepared by the electrospinning technique show a 4 times higher Faradaic efficiency. Furthermore, in this study, attention was paid to the stability of the CuInS2 nanofiber electrodes. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO by using CIS nanofibers coated onto FTO electrodes was carried out for 10 h in total. The observed current density of 0.22 mA cm-2 and the stability of CIS nanofiber electrodes are found to be competitive with other heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Hence, we believe that the fabrication and application of nanofibrous materials through the electrospinning technique might be of interest for electrocatalytic studies in CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalaziz Aljabour
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz A-4040, Austria
| | - Dogukan Hazar Apaydin
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz A-4040, Austria
| | - Halime Coskun
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz A-4040, Austria
| | - Faruk Ozel
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University , Karaman 70100, Turkey
| | | | - Philipp Stadler
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz A-4040, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz A-4040, Austria
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Lyczko K. Crystal structure of a second polymorph of tricarbon-yl( N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide-κ 2N1, O)(thio-cyanato-κ N)rhenium(I). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:1386-1389. [PMID: 27746925 PMCID: PMC5050760 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901601389x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new polymorph of the title compound, [Re(NCS)(C7H8N2O)(CO)3], crystallizing in the space group P21/n, has been obtained and structurally characterized by the experiment and DFT calculations. In this complex, the rhenium(I) cation is octa-hedrally coordinated by three carbonyl groups in a facial configuration, the N,O-bidentate N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide ligand and the N-bonded thio-cyanate anion. Neighbouring mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by inter-molecular N-H⋯S and C-H⋯S inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Lyczko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Świtlicka A, Klemens T, Machura B, Schab-Balcerzak E, Laba K, Lapkowski M, Grucela M, Nycz J, Szala M, Kania M. Rhenium(i) complexes with phenanthrolines bearing electron-withdrawing Cl and electron-donating CH3 substituents – synthesis, photophysical, thermal, and electrochemical properties with electroluminescence ability. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23935h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituent effect was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Świtlicka
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Tomasz Klemens
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
| | - Katarzyna Laba
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
- Silesian University of Technology
| | - Mieczyslaw Lapkowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
- Silesian University of Technology
| | - Marzena Grucela
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Jacek Nycz
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Silesia
- 40-006 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Magdalena Kania
- Mass Spectrometry Group
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warszawa 42
- Poland
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17
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Fenton TG, Louis ME, Li G. Effect of ligand derivatization at different positions on photochemical properties of hybrid Re(I) photocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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