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Behrouzifar S, Esmaily H. The biological efficacy of Apelin against focal transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148887. [PMID: 38552935 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin has been extensively studied, and emerging experimental evidence suggests that Apelin may have effects on stroke by reducing infarct volume and neurological deficits, inhibiting the apoptosis process and reducing brain water content. However, the credibility of the evidence is uncertain. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate preclinical studies that used Apelin for the treatment of transient focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for finding relevant studies from January 2000 to July 2023. The methodological quality and risk of bias scores for animal studies were calculated based on the CAMARADES and the SYRCLE's RoB tools, respectively. The effect sizes were assessed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS A total of twelve eligible studies were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The median scores of study quality and risk of bias were 7.5 out of 10, and 5 out of 10, respectively. Apelin treatment effectively decreased infarct volume (primary outcome) [Hedges' g = 2.72, 95 % CI (1.93, 3.51), p < 0.001], neurological deficit [Hedges' g = 1.76, 95 % CI (0.96, 2.55), p < 0.001], cleaved caspase 3 [Hedges' g = 2.16, 95 % CI (0.87, 3.44), p = 0.001], and apoptotic cell number [Hedges' g = 4.07, 95 % CI (1.25,6.89), p = 0.005] compared with the control group. According to subgroup analysis, more notable neuroprotective effects were observed with intravenous administration than with intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. Moreover, we determined that effect size of infarct volume was markedly related to the species. The combined measurement of two studies demonstrated that Apelin could reduce BCL2 and TNF-α levels as well as brain water content compared with the control group. However, pooled measurement of two studies showed that no relevancy was discovered between CHOP and altering infarct volume. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess preclinical studies related to Apelin treatment in rodent ischemic stroke. Apelin can exert promising neuroprotective effects by reducing infarct volume, neurological deficit, caspase 3, apoptotic cell number, TNF- α and brain water content and increasing BCL2. The current evidence supports the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of Apelin, but its effectiveness in decreasing CHOP level in animal models of ischemic stroke needs further elucidation. This study was registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42023460926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Behrouzifar
- Medical Physiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kamińska K, Borzuta H, Buczma K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Neuroprotective effect of apelin-13 and other apelin forms-a review. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:439-451. [PMID: 38568371 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, which occur when neurons begin to deteriorate, affect millions of people worldwide. These age-related disorders are becoming more common partly because the elderly population has increased in recent years. While no treatments are accessible, every year an increasing number of therapeutic and supportive options become available. Various substances that may have neuroprotective effects are currently being researched. One of them is apelin. This review aims to illustrate the results of research on the neuroprotective effect of apelin amino acid oligopeptide which binds to the apelin receptor and exhibits neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. The collected data indicate that apelin can protect the central nervous system against injury by several mechanisms. More studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of this peptide in neurodegenerative diseases and various other types of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kamińska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hubert Borzuta
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasper Buczma
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Zeng GG, Tang SS, Jiang WL, Yu J, Nie GY, Tang CK. Apelin-13: A Protective Role in Vascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102088. [PMID: 37716542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease is a common problem with high mortality all over the world. Apelin-13, a key subtype of apelin, takes part in many physiological and pathological responses via regulating many target genes and target molecules or participating in many signaling pathways. More and more studies have demonstrated that apelin-13 is implicated in the onset and progression of vascular disease in recent years. It has been shown that apelin-13 could ameliorate vascular disease by inhibiting inflammation, restraining apoptosis, suppressing oxidative stress, and facilitating autophagy. In this article, we sum up the progress of apelin-13 in the occurrence and development of vascular disease and offer some insightful views about the treatment and prevention strategies of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Gui Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Shu Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ying Nie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Lin Q, Ye L, Dai J, Ye Z, Ba H, Li Z, Chen X, Chen M, Lu C, Sun J, Cai J. A prospective cohort study on decreased serum apelin-13 levels after human aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: associations with severity and prognosis. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:235. [PMID: 37682366 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Apelin-13 may have neuroprotective effects. We aimed to determine whether serum apelin-13 could serve as a potential biomarker for severity, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and prognosis after human aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this prospective, observational, cohort, single-center study of 139 patients with aSAH and 139 healthy individuals, serum apelin-13 levels were determined. The indicators of stroke severity were the Hunt-Hess scale and the modified Fisher grading scale. The prognostic parameters were DCI and 6-month worse prognosis (Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 1-4). Using binary logistic regression analysis, the relationship between serum apelin-13 levels and prognosis was reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Under the receiver operating characteristic curve, prognostic abilities were shown as areas under the curve (AUCs) with 95% CIs. Serum apelin-13 levels were substantially lower in patients than in controls (median, 28.8 versus 48.6 ng/ml; P < 0.001), in patients with DCI than in non-DCI patients (median, 14.9 versus 31.6 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and in patients with worse prognosis than in those with good prognosis (median, 16.3 versus 33.7 ng/ml; P < 0.001). Serum apelin-13 levels were independently correlated with Hunt-Hess scores (beta, -6.836; 95% CI, -8.963-4.708; VIF, 2.219; P = 0.001) and modified Fisher scores (beta, -3.350; 95% CI, -6.151-0.549; VIF, 1.562; P = 0.019). Serum apelin-13 levels were an independent predictor of DCI (OR, 0.951; 95% CI, 0.914-0.990; P = 0.022) and worse prognosis (OR, 0.954; 95% CI, 0.916-0.993; P = 0.013). Serum apelin-13 levels significantly differentiated DCI and poor prognosis, with AUCs of 0.753 (95% CI, 0.656-0.850) and 0.791 (95% CI, 0.713-0.868) respectively. Using the Youden method, serum apelin-13 levels < 19.3 ng/ml distinguished the risk of DCI with 64.7% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity, and serum apelin-13 levels < 30.2 ng/ml discriminated the development of worse prognosis with 89.1% sensitivity and 63.4% specificity. Serum apelin-13 levels combined with Hunt-Hess scores and modified Fisher scores displayed a significantly higher AUC than any one of them for prognostic prediction (all P < 0.05). Decreased serum apelin-13 levels, which are strongly correlated with disease severity, independently predicted poor outcomes following aSAH, substantializing serum apelin-13 as a useful prognostic biomarker of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Liangzhi Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Junxia Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhengrong Ye
- The Central Blood Station of Wenzhou, 451 Nixian Road, Wenzhou, 325026, China
| | - Huajun Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianyong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, 252 Bailidong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Sun W, Guo W, Xia B, Shen X, Fu M, Wan T, Yuan M. Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Neurological Diseases. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1648-1662. [PMID: 36745269 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a natural ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and the apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in vivo. Among the apelin family, apelin-13 is the major apelin isoform in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and is involved in the regulation of various physiopathological mechanisms such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Apelin is currently being extensively studied in the nervous system, and apelin-13 has been shown to be associated with the onset and progression of a variety of neurological disorders, including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, spinal cord injury (SCI), and psychiatric diseases. This study summarizes the pathophysiological roles of apelin-13 in the development and progression of neurological related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangru Shen
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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6
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Li A, Zhao Q, Chen L, Li Z. Apelin/APJ system: an emerging therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1639-1653. [PMID: 36378421 PMCID: PMC9665010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is extensively expressed in various systems, especially the nervous system. This article reviews the role of apelin/APJ system in neurological diseases. In detail, apelin/APJ system can relieve acute brain injury including subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke. Also, apelin/APJ system has therapeutic effects on chronic neurodegenerative disease models, involving the regulation of neurotrophic factors, neuroendocrine, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition, through different routes of administration, apelin/APJ system has a biphasic effect on depression, epilepsy, and pain. However, apelin/APJ system exacerbates the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma. Thus, apelin/APJ system is expected to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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7
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Liu H, Shi Q, Tang L, Wang H, Wang D. APELIN-13 AMELIORATES LPS-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND POST-ACUTE LUNG INJURY PULMONARY FIBROSIS BY SUPPRESSING TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-Β1 SIGNALING. Shock 2023; 59:108-117. [PMID: 36377383 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves cytokine storms, alveolar-capillary barrier destruction, and fibrotic progression. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis is an important factor affecting the prognosis of ARDS patients. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays an important role in the development of fibrotic diseases, and the occurrence of EndMT has been observed in experimental models of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Apelin is an endogenous active polypeptide that plays an important role in maintaining endothelial cell homeostasis and inhibiting fibrotic progression in various diseases. However, whether apelin attenuates EndMT in ALI and post-ALI pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. We analyzed the serum levels of apelin-13 in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS to examine its possible clinical value. A murine model of LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis and an LPS-challenged endothelial cell injury model were used to analyze the protective effect and underlying mechanism of apelin-13. Mice were treated with apelin-13 by i.p. injection, and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were incubated with apelin-13 in vitro . We found that the circulating apelin-13 levels were significantly elevated in sepsis-associated ARDS patients compared with healthy controls. Our study also confirmed that LPS induced EndMT progression and pulmonary fibrosis, which were characterized by decreased CD31 expression and increased α-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen deposition. LPS also stimulated the production of transforming growth factor β1 and activated the Smad signaling pathway. However, apelin-13 treatment significantly attenuated these changes. Our findings suggest that apelin-13 may be a novel biomarker in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS. These results demonstrate that apelin-13 ameliorates LPS-induced EndMT and post-ALI pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing transforming growth factor β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang J, Li X, Ma A, Pan X. Serum LRG1 as a novel biomarker for cardioembolic stroke. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:83-91. [PMID: 33838125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, LRG1 was found to be closely related to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction. While its role in cerebral infarction was still controversial. We aimed to explore the value of LRG1 to identify the cardioembolic stroke. METHODS 283 acute ischemic stroke(AIS) patients and 169 controls were enrolled. The AIS patients were divided into a CE(cardiogenic embolism) group and a non-CE group. Serum LRG1 levels were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS The serum LRG1 levels were decreased in the AIS patients. CE group had higher serum LRG1 levels than the non-CE group. LRG1 was an independent risk factor for cardioembolic stroke. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.768 with a sensitivity of 72.5% and specificity of 69.5%, which was not second to BNP and LAD. The combined predictive model we designed, including LRG1, BNP, and LAD, greatly improved the prediction effect. A positive correlation was shown between LRG1 and stroke severity in the CE group. Those who experienced poor outcomes had higher serum LRG1 levels compared with good ones. CONCLUSION Serum LRG1 was a promising indicator to predict cardioembolic stroke, as well as stroke severity and the 3-month prognosis of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Zhuang Y, Wang W, Chen L, Lu W, Xu M. Serum apelin-13 and risk of death following severe traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:64-68. [PMID: 33508251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin-13 can be expressed in brain tissue and exert neuroprotective effects. We attempted to determine whether serum apelin-13 is a prognostic biomarker for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS Of 126 sTBI patients and 126 healthy controls, serum apelin-13 concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The trauma severity was assessed by Glasgow coma scale scores and Rotterdam computerized tomography scores. The relationship between serum apelin-13 concentrations and posttraumatic 30-day mortality was assessed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Serum apelin-13 concentrations were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Serum apelin-13 concentrations of non-surviving and surviving patients within posttraumatic 30 days were strongly correlated with Glasgow coma scale scores and Rotterdam computerized tomography scores. Serum apelin-13 emerged as an independent predictor for 30-day mortality and overall survival. There was a significant discriminatory capability with respect to serum apelin-13 concentrations for the risk of 30-day death. Moreover, its prognostic predictive ability was similar to those of Glasgow coma scale scores and Rotterdam computerized tomography scores. CONCLUSIONS Declined serum apelin-13 concentrations, in substantial correlation with increasing severity, are independently associated with short-term mortality, hinting than serum apelin-13 might represent a useful prognostic biomarker for sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Zhuang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Sun W, Pei LL, Tian M, Liang J, Liu X, Zhang R, Fang H, Wu J, Sun S, Xu Y, Kang JS, Song B. Changes of Metabolites in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:580929. [PMID: 33505234 PMCID: PMC7829509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.580929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing techniques have many limitations in the diagnosis and classification of ischemic stroke (IS). Considering this, we used metabolomics to screen for potential biomarkers of IS and its subtypes and to explore the underlying related pathophysiological mechanisms. Serum samples from 99 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) [the AIS subtypes included 49 patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and 50 patients with small artery occlusion (SAO)] and 50 matched healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers. There were 18 significantly different metabolites, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, L-glutamine, L-arginine, and L-proline, between patients with AIS and HCs. These different metabolites are closely related to many metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. There were also differences in metabolic profiling between the LAA and SAO groups. There were eight different metabolites, including L-pipecolic acid, 1-Methylhistidine, PE, LysoPE, and LysoPC, which affected glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and lysine degradation. Our study effectively identified the metabolic profiles of IS and its subtypes. The different metabolites between LAA and SAO may be potential biomarkers in the context of clinical diagnosis. These results highlight the potential of metabolomics to reveal new pathways for IS subtypes and provide a new avenue to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IS and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu-Lu Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Kang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Dual antiplatelet therapy reduced stroke risk in transient ischemic attack with positive diffusion weighted imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19132. [PMID: 33154471 PMCID: PMC7644691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduced stroke risk in high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients assessed by ABCD2 score. Patients with positive diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were identified as imaging-based high-risk. The present study aims to investigate whether DAPT could reduce stroke risk in TIA with DWI positive. The study enrolled TIA patients within 72 h of onset from the prospective TIA database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The predictive outcome was ischemic stroke at 90-day. The relationship between DAPT and stroke was analyzed in a cox proportional hazards model. The Kaplan–Meier curves of TIA patients with DAPT and monotherapy were plotted. Total of 661 TIA patients were enrolled, 279 of whom were DWI positive and 281 used DAPT. The 90-day stroke risk was higher in patients used monotherapy than those used DAPT in TIA with positive DWI (23.7% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.029). DAPT was associated with reduced stroke risk in TIA patients with positive DWI (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.97; p = 0.037). However, the benefit didn’t exist in TIA patients with negative DWI (HR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.14–1.33; p = 0.142). Early use of DAPT reduced stroke risk in TIA patients with positive DWI.
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