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Nieto-Torres JL, Zaretski S, Liu T, Adams PD, Hansen M. Post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins - an emerging mechanism of autophagy control. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259725. [PMID: 37589340 PMCID: PMC10445744 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis with key implications for health and disease. The conjugation of the ATG8 family proteins, which includes LC3B (also known as MAP1LC3B), to autophagosome membranes, constitutes a hallmark of the canonical autophagy process. After ATG8 proteins are conjugated to the autophagosome membranes via lipidation, they orchestrate a plethora of protein-protein interactions that support key steps of the autophagy process. These include binding to cargo receptors to allow cargo recruitment, association with proteins implicated in autophagosome transport and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. How these diverse and critical protein-protein interactions are regulated is still not well understood. Recent reports have highlighted crucial roles for post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins in the regulation of ATG8 functions and the autophagy process. This Review summarizes the main post-translational regulatory events discovered to date to influence the autophagy process, mostly described in mammalian cells, including ubiquitylation, acetylation, lipidation and phosphorylation, as well as their known contributions to the autophagy process, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Nieto-Torres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Sviatlana Zaretski
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Buck Institute for Aging Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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Maiwall R, Rastogi A, Pasupuleti SSR, Hidam AK, Singh M, Kadyan S, Jain P, Kumar G, Sarin SK. Natural history, spectrum and outcome of stage 3 AKI in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int 2022; 42:2800-2814. [PMID: 36017749 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is limited data on natural course and interventions in stage-3 acute kidney injury (AKI-3) in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). We studied the factors of AKI-3 reversal and outcomes of dialysis in ACLF patients. METHODS Consecutive patients with ACLF were prospectively enrolled (n = 1022) and variables determining AKI and its outcomes were analysed. RESULTS At 1 month, 337 (33%) patients had AKI-3, of which, 131 had AKI-3 at enrolment and 206 developed AKI-3 during hospital stay. Of patients with AKI-3 at enrolment, 18% showed terlipressin response, 21% had AKI resolution and 59% required dialysis. High MELD (≥35) (model 1), serum bilirubin (≥23 mg/dL) (model 2) and AARC score (≥11) (model 3) were independent risk factors for dialysis. Dialysis was associated with worse survival in all AKI patients but improved outcomes in patients with AKI-3 (p = .022, HR 0.69 [0.50-0.95]). Post-mortem kidney biopsies (n = 61) revealed cholemic nephropathy (CN) in 54%, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in 31%, and a combination (CN and ATN) in 15%. Serum bilirubin was significantly higher in patients with CN, CN and ATN compared with ATN respectively ([30.8 ± 12.2] vs. [26.7 ± 12.0] vs. [18.5 ± 9.8]; p = .002). CONCLUSION AKI-3 rapidly increases from 13% to 33% within 30 days in ACLF patients. Histopathological data suggested cholemic nephropathy as the predominant cause which correlated with high bilirubin levels. AKI-3 resolves in only one in five patients. Patients with AARC grade 3 and MELD >35 demand need for early dialysis in AKI-3 for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Maiwall
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samba Siva R Pasupuleti
- Department of Statistics, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, India
| | - Ashini K Hidam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonia Kadyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guresh Kumar
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Huang C, Jiang S, Gao S, Wang Y, Cai X, Fang J, Yan T, Craig Wan C, Cai Y. Sirtuins: Research advances on the therapeutic role in acute kidney injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154122. [PMID: 35490494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common multidisciplinary diagnostic clinical critical illness, eventually causes end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although many clinical measures have been taken to prevent or treat AKI, high morbidity and death rates were recorded. Therefore, in-depth pathogenesis study and search for new therapeutic targets are in demand. Interestingly, the suirtuins family showed a significant protective effect in AKI. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) is a family of seven proteins with NAD+-dependent type III histone deacetylase activity. Sirtuins family members were involved by AKI, and regulation of sirtuins activities significantly improved AKI-induced renal injury. Therefore, the therapeutic role and molecular mechanisms of the sirtuins family in AKI has important research implications for clinical applications or basic research. PURPOSE This review summarizes recent advances in the roles and functions of the sirtuins family, discusses their therapeutic effects on AKI and related molecular mechanisms, and the mechanisms of action of small molecule specific activators or inhibitors sirtuins in the prevention and treatment of AKI were discussed. METHODS The data in this review were retrieved from various scientific databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science), till December 2021. The keywords were used as follows: "Sirtuins", "Acute kidney injury", "AKI", "Sirtuins modulators" and "Histone deacetylation". The retrieved data followed PRISMA criteria (preferred reporting items for systematic review). RESULTS Growing evidence indicates that members of the sirtuins family regulate the development and progression of different renal diseases, including AKI, through anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-apoptotic, and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. The molecular mechanism of Sirtuins family on AKI mainly regulated NF-κB, JNK/ERK, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, upregulated the expression of PGC-1α, HO-1, NRF2, Bcl-2, OPA1, and AMPK, and downregulated the expression of NRLP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS, MFF, Drp1, Bax, ERK, and mTOR. In addition, the active ingredients of herbs (resveratrol, thujaplicins, huperzine, and curcumin) could activate the activity of SIRT1 or SIRT3, thereby improving AKI. Meanwhile, the synthetic Sirtuins inhibitor (AK-1) inhibited SIRT2 activity, thus alleviating AKI. In the future, more specific modulators will remain needed to enhance the clinical therapeutic role of the Sirtuins family in AKI. CONCLUSION The sirtuins family is a promising type III histone deacetylase for AKI treatment. This review will provide insight into sirtuins family's therapeutic role in AKI and promote the clinical use of sirtuins modulators in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Shisheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Shuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Junyan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Tingdong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China.
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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Dardano A, Lucchesi D, Garofolo M, Gualdani E, Falcetta P, Sancho Bornez V, Francesconi P, Del Prato S, Penno G. SIRT1 rs7896005 polymorphism affects major vascular outcomes, not all-cause mortality, in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes: A 13-year observational study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3523. [PMID: 35092334 PMCID: PMC9286639 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS SIRT1 exerts effects on ageing and lifespan, as well cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. SIRT1 gene is very polymorph with a few tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) so far identified. Some SNPs, including rs7896005, were associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to ascertain whether this SNP may be associated with CV disease at baseline as well with these same outcomes and all-cause mortality over a 13-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotypes of SIRT1 gene were determined using TaqMan SNP assay. RESULTS Out of 905 T2DM, 9.1% had the AA genotype, 43.2% the AG, and 47.7% the GG. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was met (minor allele frequency 0.306; p = 0.8899). At baseline, there was no difference across genotypes for sex, age, diabetes duration, CV risk factors, treatments, and microangiopathy. Major CV outcomes, myocardial infarction (MI), any coronary heart disease (CHD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) were more frequent in GG than in AA/AG (p from 0.013 to 0.027), with no association with cerebrovascular events. By fully adjusted regression, GG remained independently related to major CV outcomes, MI, CHD, and PAD. Over follow-up, we recorded 258 major CV events (28.5%; AA/AG 25.2%, GG 32.2%; p = 0.014) with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of GG versus AA/AG of 1.296 (95% CI 1.007-1.668, p = 0.044); 169 coronary events (18.7%; AA/AG 15.4%, GG 22.2%; p = 0.006) with HR 1.522 (1.113-2.080, p = 0.008); 79 (8.7%) hospitalisation for heart failure (AA/AG 7.0%, GG 10.6%; p = 0.045) and HR 1.457 (0.919-2.309, p = 0.109); 36 PAD (4.0%; AA/AG 2.3%, GG 5.8%; p = 0.007) with HR 2.225 (1.057-4.684, p = 0.035). No association was found with cerebrovascular events, end stage renal disease, and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The rs7896005 SNP of SIRT1 might play a role in cardiovascular disease, mainly CHD risk in T2DM. Results call for larger association studies as well as studies to ascertain mechanisms by which this variant confers increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dardano
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Daniela Lucchesi
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Monia Garofolo
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Elisa Gualdani
- Epidemiology UnitRegional Health Agency (ARS) of TuscanyFlorenceItaly
| | - Pierpaolo Falcetta
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Veronica Sancho Bornez
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Paolo Francesconi
- Epidemiology UnitRegional Health Agency (ARS) of TuscanyFlorenceItaly
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseaseDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
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Lin Y, Xu Y, Zheng X, Zhang J, Liu J, Wu G. Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Streptozotocin Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction Through SIRT1/P53 and Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:131-140. [PMID: 35046684 PMCID: PMC8763261 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s347650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absolute or relative lack of insulin secretion caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction can lead to diabetes. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the main components of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, and exerts anti-diabetic pharmacological effects. PURPOSE To explore whether AS-IV can protect the apoptosis and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell line INS-1 was treated with different concentrations of AS-IV, then cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and insulin secretion was assessed by CCK-8, TUNEL staining, Western blot, commercial kits and qRT-PCR, respectively. The expression of proteins involved in Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/p53 and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β)/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling was measured by Western blot assay. Besides, Akt inhibitor MK-2206 and SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 were used to co-treat STZ-induced INS-1 cells in the presence of AS-IV, and the above experiments were repeated. RESULTS AS-IV increased the cell viability of INS-1 cells induced by STZ. AS-IV also reduced the increase in apoptosis rate and reversed STZ-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax and Cleaved caspase 3. In addition, AS-IV significantly reduced STZ-induced malondialdehyde upregulation and reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. Furthermore, the use of AS-IV was found to increase the insulin secretion capacity of INS-1 cells with impaired function, along with the increase of the mRNA levels of insulin 1 and insulin 2. Mechanism studies further showed that MK-2206 and EX-527 reversed the protective effect of AS-IV against STZ-induced injury on INS-1 cells. CONCLUSION AS-IV exerted cytoprotective effect on STZ-induced INS-1 cells through regulating SIRT1/p53 and Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathways. These findings are expected to provide new supplements to the molecular mechanism of AS-IV in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Lin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuqiong Lin Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Health College, No. 366 Jingxi Town, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guotu Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
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Teh YM, Mualif SA, Lim SK. A comprehensive insight into autophagy and its potential signaling pathways as a therapeutic target in podocyte injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106153. [PMID: 34974186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the glomerular filtration membrane, podocyte is terminally differentiated, structurally unique, and highly specialized in maintaining kidney function. Proteinuria caused by podocyte injury (foot process effacement) is the clinical symptom of various kidney diseases (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome. Podocyte autophagy has become a powerful therapeutic strategy target in ameliorating podocyte injury. Autophagy is known to be associated significantly with sirtuin-1, proteinuria, and podocyte injury. Various key findings in podocyte autophagy were reported in the past ten years, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in podocyte autophagy impairment, podocyte autophagy-related gene, essential roles of the signaling pathways: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)/ Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k)/ serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) in podocyte autophagy. These significant factors caused podocyte injury associated with autophagy impairment. Sirtuin-1 was reported to have a vital key role in mTOR signaling, 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulation, autophagy activation, and various critical pathways associated with podocyte's function and health; it has potential value to podocyte injury pathogenesis investigation. From these findings, podocyte autophagy has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to ameliorate podocyte injury, and this review will provide an in-depth review on therapeutic targets he podocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Mond Teh
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Mualif
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Medical Device and Technology Centre (MEDiTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zullo A, Mancini FP, Schleip R, Wearing S, Klingler W. Fibrosis: Sirtuins at the checkpoints of myofibroblast differentiation and profibrotic activity. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:650-666. [PMID: 34077595 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are still a serious concern for public health, due to their high prevalence, complex etiology and lack of successful treatments. Fibrosis consists of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. As a result, the structure and function of tissues are impaired, thus potentially leading to organ failure and death in several chronic diseases. Myofibroblasts represent the principal cellular mediators of fibrosis, due to their extracellular matrix producing activity, and originate from different types of precursor cells, such as mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts can be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, which is a major factor driving fibrosis. Interestingly, preclinical and clinical studies showed that fibrotic degeneration can stop and even reverse by using specific antifibrotic treatments. Increasing scientific evidence is being accumulated about the role of sirtuins in modulating the molecular pathways responsible for the onset and development of fibrotic diseases. Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylases that play a crucial role in several molecular pathways within the cells, many of which at the crossroad between health and disease. In this context, we will report the current knowledge supporting the role of sirtuins in the balance between healthy and diseased myofibroblast activity. In particular, we will address the signalling pathways and the molecular targets that trigger the differentiation and profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts and can be modulated by sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Benevento, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.a.r.l. Naples, Italy
| | | | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Germany.,Diploma University of Applied Sciences, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Scott Wearing
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Werner Klingler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesiology, SRH Hospital Sigmaringen, Germany
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Sun Y, Wang J, Meng Y. Correlation Between Polymorphisms of the SIRT1 Gene microRNA Target Sites and Diabetic Nephropathy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:387-398. [PMID: 34152844 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the correlations between the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene rs182180876, rs4746720, and rs2234975 loci and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We used Sanger sequencing to analyze the genotypes of the rs182180876, rs4746720, and rs2234975 loci within the SIRT1 gene in 280 diabetic nephropathy patients and 280 diabetic patients without kidney disease who acted as the control group. Plasma SIRT1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-2115-3p, and hsa-miR-200a-3p in plasma were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction levels. Results: SIRT1 rs182180876 locus G allele carriers were 3.21 times more likely to suffer from diabetic nephropathy than carriers of the C allele (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08-4.95, p < 0.01). Carriers of the T allele at the rs2234975 locus had a higher risk of diabetic nephropathy than carriers of the C allele (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.36-3.01, p < 0.01). The SIRT1 three locus CCC haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of diabetic nephropathy (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.46, p < 0.01), and the CTT haplotype was associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy (OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.41-7.22, p = 0.01). The plasma SIRT1 levels of patients with diabetic nephropathy were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001). The plasma SIRT1 levels were lower in SIRT1 rs182180876 locus G allele carriers, rs4746720 locus T allele carriers, and rs2234975 locus T allele carriers than in carriers of the alternate alleles. Diabetic nephropathy patients' plasma hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-2115-3p, and hsa-miR-200a-3p levels were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001). Plasma SIRT1 levels were negatively correlated with hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-2115-3p, and hsa-miR-200a-3p levels (r = -0.90, -0.77, -0.92, -0.83, -0.87, -0.87). Conclusion: The SIRT1 loci rs182180876, rs4746720, and rs2234975 single nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly associated with the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Clinical Trials.gov ID: 2016-ZJ002-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Binjiang Clinic, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yecai Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhuji, Zhuji, China
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Abstract
Previous studies have found that oxidative stress is the negative reaction of the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation caused by free radicals, and it is the fuse of aging and many diseases. Scavenging the accumulation of free radicals in the body and inhibiting the production of free radicals are effective ways to reduce the occurrence of oxidative stress. In recent years, studies have found that oxidative stress has other effects on the body, such as anti-tumour. In this paper, the targets related to anti-oxidative stress were introduced, and they were divided into nuclear transcription factors, enzymes, solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11) genes and iron death, ion channels, molecular chaperones, small molecules according to their different functions. In addition, we introduce the research status of agonists/inhibitors related to these targets, so as to provide some reference for the follow-up research and clinical application of anti-oxidative stress drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang-Xu Dong
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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10
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Li X, Feng Y, Wang XX, Truong D, Wu YC. The Critical Role of SIRT1 in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1608-1622. [PMID: 33269110 PMCID: PMC7673849 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family, targets histones and many non-histone proteins and participates in various physiological functions. The enzymatic activity of SIRT1 is decreased in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which may reduce their ability to resist neuronal damage caused by various neurotoxins. As far as we know, SIRT1 can induce autophagy by regulating autophagy related proteins such as AMP-activated protein kinase, light chain 3, mammalian target of rapamycin, and forkhead transcription factor 1. Furthermore, SIRT1 can regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress mainly by maintaining peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in a deacetylated state and thus maintaining a constant level of PGC-1α. Other studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of PD by regulating neuroinflammation. SIRT1 deacetylases nuclear factor-kappa B and thus reduces its transcriptional activity, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and decreases tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels. SIRT1 can also upregulate heat shock protein 70 by deacetylating heat shock factor 1 to increase the degradation of α-synuclein oligomers. Few studies have focused on the relationship between SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and PD risk, so this topic requires further research. Based on the neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 on PD, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that some SIRT1 activators, notably resveratrol, have potential neuroprotective effects against dopaminergic neuronal damage caused by various neurotoxins. Thus, SIRT1 plays a critical role in PD development and might be a potential target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ya Feng
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xi-Xi Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Daniel Truong
- 2The Truong Neurosciences Institute, Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.,3Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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11
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Lee IH. Mechanisms and disease implications of sirtuin-mediated autophagic regulation. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31492861 PMCID: PMC6802627 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are key components of diverse physiological processes, including metabolism and aging. Sirtuins confer protection from a wide array of metabolic and age-related diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have also suggested that sirtuins regulate autophagy, a protective cellular process for homeostatic maintenance in response to environmental stresses. Here, we describe various biological and pathophysiological processes regulated by sirtuin-mediated autophagy, focusing on cancer, heart, and liver diseases, as well as stem cell biology. This review also emphasizes key molecular mechanisms by which sirtuins regulate autophagy. Finally, we discuss novel insights into how new therapeutics targeting sirtuin and autophagy may potentially lead to effective strategies to combat aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Yang H, Liao D, Tong L, Zhong L, Wu K. MiR-373 exacerbates renal injury and fibrosis via NF-κB/MatrixMetalloproteinase-9 signaling by targeting Sirtuin1. Genomics 2018; 111:786-792. [PMID: 29723660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a final common pathway of chronic kidney disease. SIRT1, a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, deacetylates the p65 of NF-κB and shows protective effects in kidney disorders. miR-373 directly targets the 3'UTR of SIRT1. However, roles of miR-373 in renal fibrosis are unclear. METHODS TGF-β1, a critical regulator of fibrosis, was used to stimulate human kidney-2 cells to establish cell model for renal fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed as an in vivo model. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced the level of miR-373, reduced level of SIRT1, and promoted p65 acetylation and MMP-9 expression. These effects were reversed by the miR-373 inhibitor. In the animal model, UUO caused a consistent pattern as demonstrated in vitro. CONCLUSION These results indicated an undesired effect of miR-373 in the regulation of renal injury and fibrosis by targeting SIRT1-mediated NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling, which might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Dongmei Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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Perco P, Mayer G. Endogenous factors and mechanisms of renoprotection and renal repair. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12914. [PMID: 29460289 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance between renal damaging molecules and nephroprotective factors contributes to the development and progression of kidney diseases. Molecules with renoprotective properties might serve as biomarkers, drug targets as well as therapeutic options themselves. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this review, we generated a set of renoprotective factors based on GeneRIF (Gene Reference Into Function) information available at NCBI's PubMed. The final set of manually curated renoprotective factors was investigated with respect to tissue-specific expression, subcellular location distribution and involvement in biological processes using information from gene ontology as well as information from protein-protein interaction databases. We furthermore investigated the factors in the context of clinical trials of renal disease and diabetes. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-three factors could be retrieved from the set of GeneRIFs on nephroprotection and renal repair. A large number of factors were either secretory molecules or plasma membrane receptors. Next to the elevated expression in renal tissue, also higher expression in connective tissue and pancreas was observed. The proteins could be assigned to the broad functional categories of cell proliferation and signalling, inflammatory response, apoptosis, blood pressure regulation as well as cellular response to different kinds of insults such as hypoxia, heat or mechanical stimulus. Eight factors are studied in clinical trials with additional ones being targeted by compounds. CONCLUSIONS We have generated a set of renoprotective factors based on the literature information, which was functionally annotated and evaluated with respect to tested compounds in kidney disease and diabetes clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang J, Yang S, Chen F, Li H, Chen B. Ginkgetin aglycone ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by activating SIRT1 via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:44. [PMID: 28852469 PMCID: PMC5567569 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginkgetin aglycone (GA), a novel Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) by acid hydrolysis and recrystallization, is characterized by higher liposolubility and antioxidation than classical GBEs. There is no study depicting the functional role of GA in acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we firstly reported the protective effect of GA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI and its underlying mechanism. Methods ELISA analysis was applied to measure plasma level of TNF-α and IL-6, and NF-κB activity in kidney homogenate. Renal function analysis was performed by detecting serum concentration of Kim-1 and urine level of BUN. Cell apoptosis in kidney tissues was detected by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity assay. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IκBα. Western blot was carried out to confirm expression of p-IκBα, SIRT1, and iNOS. Results GA administration protected mice from LPS-induced AKI by attenuating inflammatory response, renal injury, as well as tubular apoptosis both in vivo. GA suppressed inflammatory response induced by LPS in HK-2 cells. Moreover, GA upregulated SIRT1 expression and blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced AKT in vivo and vitro. Furthermore, suppression of SIRT1 abated the inhibitory effect of GA on LPS-induced inflammatory response and renal injury. Conclusions GA prevented LPS-induced AKI by activating SIRT1 via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, providing new insights into the function and molecular mechanism of GA in AKI. Therefore, GA may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Suxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Huicong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Gulou District, Kaifeng, 475000 China
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SIRT1 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced CD40 expression in renal medullary collecting duct cells by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2016; 170:100-107. [PMID: 27916733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence indicates that sirtuin1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, exerts a protective effect against inflammatory kidney injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The co-stimulatory molecule, CD40, is expressed in a variety of inflammatory diseases in the kidney. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of SIRT1 on CD40 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to disclose the underlying mechanisms in renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. MAIN METHODS mRNA and protein expressions were identified by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Subcellular localization of SIRT1 and CD40 were respectively detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) was carried out for mechanism study. KEY FINDINGS LPS reduced SIRT1 expression and up-regulated the expression of CD40, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phospho-NF-κBp65 (p-NF-κBp65) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Moreover, SIRT1 overexpression or activation by SRT1720 diminished the expression of CD40, TLR4 and p-NF-κBp65, which was reversed by SIRT1 siRNA or inhibitors Ex527 and sirtinol in LPS-stimulated IMCD cells. In addition, knockdown of TLR4 decreased the expression of CD40 and p-NF-κBp65 in IMCD cells exposed to LPS. Knockdown of NF-κBp65 or NF-κBp65 inhibition by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) reduced LPS-induced CD40 expression in IMCD cells. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on the expression of CD40 and p-NF-κBp65 was augmented by pre-treating with TLR4 siRNA. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that SIRT1 inhibits LPS-induced CD40 expression in IMCD cells by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, which might provide novel insight into understanding the protective effect of SIRT1 in kidney.
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16
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Ma L, Fu R, Duan Z, Lu J, Gao J, Tian L, Lv Z, Chen Z, Han J, Jia L, Wang L. Sirt1 is essential for resveratrol enhancement of hypoxia-induced autophagy in the type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li X, Li C, Sun G. Histone Acetylation and Its Modifiers in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4065382. [PMID: 27379253 PMCID: PMC4917685 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4065382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide despite advances in its prevention and management. A comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to DN is required to develop more effective therapeutic options. It is becoming more evident that histone acetylation (HAc), as one of the epigenetic mechanisms, is thought to be associated with the etiology of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and DN. Histone acetylases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the well-known regulators of reversible acetylation in the amino-terminal domains of histone and nonhistone proteins. In DN, however, the roles of histone acetylation (HAc) and these enzymes are still controversial. Some new evidence has revealed that HATs and HDACs inhibitors are renoprotective in cellular and animal models of DN, while, on the other hand, upregulation of HAc has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DN. In this review, we focus on the recent advances on the roles of HAc and their covalent enzymes in the development and progression of DN in certain cellular processes including fibrosis, inflammation, hypertrophy, and oxidative stress and discuss how targeting these enzymes and their inhibitors can ultimately lead to the therapeutic approaches for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- *Guangdong Sun:
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Guo R, Liu W, Liu B, Zhang B, Li W, Xu Y. SIRT1 suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy: An insight into endoplasmic reticulum stress response mechanism. Int J Cardiol 2015; 191:36-45. [PMID: 25965594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptosis had been shown to occur in the hearts of people with diabetes, although the exact mechanisms are unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, is known to play a role in diabetes-related complications as well as ER-stress. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and ER stress-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocyte. METHODS Diabetic rats were established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 50mg/kg) with high-fat diet. For in vitro analysis, rat derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured. Cardiac function was assessed by Doppler, and SIRT1 as well as ER stress related protein expressions were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Cultured cells were exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (400μg/mL) for inducing ER stress and apoptosis. Cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vivo, ER stress was enhanced in the cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats without any treatments. A SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, could significantly restore cardiac function, reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ameliorate ER stress. In vitro, we showed that apoptosis and ER stress increased after AGE stimulation when SIRT1 expression was downregulated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) (p<0.05). However, resveratrol (10μM) restored SIRT1 levels in cardiomyocytes and markedly reduced ER stress-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION SIRT1 may attenuate ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via PERK/eIF2α, ATF6/CHOP, and IRE1α/JNK-mediated pathways. This study may provide insights into a novel underlying mechanism and a strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
| | - Weijing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Buchun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
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Turkmen K, Karagoz A, Kucuk A. Sirtuins as novel players in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:894-900. [PMID: 25512793 PMCID: PMC4265877 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic and complex disease with micro and macrovascular complications that result from impaired metabolic pathways and genetic susceptibilities. DM has been accepted as an epidemic worldwide during the last two decades. A substantial gap in our knowledge exists regarding the pathophysiology of this metabolic disorder despite the improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches. Sirtuins are a group of NAD+ dependent enzymes that are involved in cellular homeostasis due to their deacetylating activity. In the present review, we aimed to discuss the role of associated sirtuins in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Jia G, Sowers JR. Autophagy: a housekeeper in cardiorenal metabolic health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:219-24. [PMID: 24984281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, literally translated means self-eating, is a primary degradative pathway and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis through elimination of aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, and intracellular pathogens. Autophagy has been classified into microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, depending on the choice of the pathway by which the cellular material is delivered to lysosomes. Dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the development of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS), including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, maladaptive immune modulation, and associated cardiac and renal disease. Clarifying the pathways and mechanisms of autophagy under normal conditions is essential to understanding its dysregulation in the development of CRS. Here, we highlight a recent surge in autophagy research, such as the cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components, and summarize our contemporary understanding of molecular mechanisms of autophagy in diverse organ or tissues involved in the pathogenesis of CRS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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