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Huang Y, Wang Z, Huang ZX, Liu Z. Biomarkers and the outcomes of ischemic stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1171101. [PMID: 37342100 PMCID: PMC10277488 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are measurable substances that could be used as objective indicators for disease diagnosis, responses to treatments, and outcomes predictions. In this review, we summarized the data on a number of important biomarkers including glutamate, S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, von willebrand factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, activated protein C, copeptin, neuron-specific enolase, tau protein, gamma aminobutyric acid, blood glucose, endothelial progenitor cells, and circulating CD34-positive cells that could be potentially used to indicate the disease burden and/or predict clinical outcome of ischemic stroke. We examined the relationship between specific biomarkers and disease burden and outcomes and discussed the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The clinical significance and implications of these biomarkers were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
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GSK-126 Protects CA1 Neurons from H3K27me3-Mediated Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2552-2562. [PMID: 35091962 PMCID: PMC9016005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics, including histone modifications, play a significant role in central nervous system diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of H3K27me3 in regulating transcriptomic and pathogenic mechanisms following global ischemic stroke. Here, we found that in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced marked upregulation of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus. The administration of GSK-126 to rat brains decreased the levels of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus and reduced neuronal apoptosis after experimental stroke. Furthermore, ChIP-seq data demonstrated that the primary role of GSK-126 in the ischemic brain is to reduce H3K27me3 enrichment, mediating negative regulation of the execution phase of apoptosis and the MAPK signaling pathway. Further study suggested that the protective role of GSK-126 in ischemic rats was antagonized by U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. Collectively, we demonstrated the potential of H3K27me3 as a novel stroke therapeutic target, and GSK-126 exerted a neuroprotective function in ischemic brain injury, which might be associated with activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Rapid Determination of Nitrate in Brain Regions and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Rat Model by HPLC–UV. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-020-00666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Retraction: Aquaporin-4 Inhibition Mediates Piroxicam-Induced Neuroprotection against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rodents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234828. [PMID: 32525927 PMCID: PMC7289354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Saraf J, Kalia K, Bhattacharya P, Tekade RK. Growing synergy of nanodiamonds in neurodegenerative interventions. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:584-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Landucci E, Llorente IL, Anuncibay-Soto B, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Fernández-López A. Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures to gain insight into mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effects of meloxicam: a role for gamma aminobutyric and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neural Regen Res 2018; 14:65-66. [PMID: 30531073 PMCID: PMC6263004 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landucci
- Sezione di Farmacologia Clinica e Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Irene L Llorente
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León; Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación, León, Spain
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Landucci E, Llorente IL, Anuncibay-Soto B, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Fernández-López A. Bicuculline Reverts the Neuroprotective Effects of Meloxicam in an Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Model of Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures. Neuroscience 2018; 386:68-78. [PMID: 29949743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent meloxicam has neuroprotective effects in an oxygen and glucose deprivation model (OGD) of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. We wondered if GABAergic transmission changed the neuroprotective effects of meloxicam and if meloxicam was able to modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in this model. Mortality was measured using propidium iodide. Western blot assays were performed to measure levels of cleaved and non-cleaved caspase-3 to quantify apoptosis, while levels of GRP78, GRP94 and phosphorylated eIF2α were used to detect unfolded protein response (UPR). Transcript levels of GRP78, GRP94 and GABAergic receptor α, β, and γ subunits were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the present study, we show that the presence of meloxicam in a 30 min OGD assay, followed by 24 h of normoxic conditions, presented an antiapoptotic effect. The simultaneous presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, in combination with meloxicam blocked the neuroprotective effect provided by the latter. However, in light of its effects on caspase 3 and PARP, bicuculline did not seem to promote the apoptotic pathway. Our results also showed that meloxicam modified the unfolded protein response (UPR), as well as the transcriptional response of different genes, including the GABAA receptor, alpha1, beta3 and gamma2 subunits. We concluded that meloxicam has a neuroprotective anti-apoptotic action, is able to enhance the UPR independently of the systemic anti-inflammatory response and its neuroprotective effect can be inhibited by blocking GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landucci
- Sezione di Farmacologia Clinica e Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Irene L Llorente
- Neurology Department, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Neural Therapies SL, Edificio Institutos de Investigación, Local B14, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Domenico E Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Sezione di Farmacologia Clinica e Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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Lie ME, Gowing EK, Clausen RP, Wellendorph P, Clarkson AN. Inhibition of GABA transporters fails to afford significant protection following focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:166-173. [PMID: 29148909 PMCID: PMC5757447 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17743669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischemia triggers excitotoxicity and cell death, yet no neuroprotective drugs have made it to the clinic. While enhancing GABAergic signaling to counterbalance excitotoxicity has shown promise in animal models, clinical studies have failed. Blockade of GABA transporters (GATs) offers an indirect approach to increase GABA inhibition to lower the excitation threshold of neurons. Among the GATs, GAT1 is known to promote neuroprotection, while the protective role of the extrasynaptic transporters GAT3 and BGT1 is elusive. A focal lesion was induced in the motor cortex in two to four-month-old C57BL/6 J male mice by photothrombosis. The GAT1 inhibitor, tiagabine (1 and 10 mg/kg), the GAT2/3 inhibitor, ( S)-SNAP-5114 (5 and 30 mg/kg) and the GAT1/BGT1 inhibitor, EF-1502 (1 and 10 mg/kg) were given i.p. 1 and 6 h post-stroke to assess their impact on infarct volume and motor performance seven days post-stroke. One mg/kg tiagabine improved motor performance, while 10 mg/kg tiagabine, ( S)-SNAP-5114 and EF-1502 had no effect. None of the compounds affected infarct volume. Interestingly, treatment with tiagabine induced seizures and ( S)-SNAP-5114 led to increased mortality. Although we show that tiagabine can promote protection, our findings indicate that caution should be had when using GAT1 and GAT3 inhibitors for conditions of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ek Lie
- 1 Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2 Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma K Gowing
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rasmus P Clausen
- 1 Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- 1 Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,3 Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Sui Z, Li Q, Zhu L, Wang Z, Lv C, Liu R, Xu H, He B, Li Z, Bi K. An integrative investigation of the toxicity of Aconiti kusnezoffii radix and the attenuation effect of its processed drug using a UHPLC-Q-TOF based rat serum and urine metabolomics strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:240-247. [PMID: 28668652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aconiti kusnezoffii radix (AKR), the root of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., is commonly used in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis. However, the clinical application is limited due to its potential toxicity. Therefore, to investigate the mechanism of its potential neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, a comprehensive metabolomics study combined with serum biochemistry and histopathology measurements was carried out. A UHPLC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach was applied to characterize the AKR toxicity, while the toxicity attenuation effects of Aconiti kusnezoffii radix cocta (AKRC) on Wistar rats were also investigated. Two chromatographic techniques involving reversed-phase chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography were combined for the serum and urine detection, which balanced the integrity and selectivity of the two matrices. Principal component analysis was used to determine the groups, and principal component analysis discriminant analysis was carried out to confirm the important variables. Then, the developed integrative toxicity evaluation method was applied to assess the toxicity of AKR and the attenuation effect of AKRC. The highly sensitive and specific toxic biomarkers, which can provide practical bases were identified for the diagnosis of the neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by AKR. In all, a total of 19 putative biomarkers were characterized, and related metabolic pathways were identified. The study demonstrated that the established metabolomics strategy is a powerful approach for investigating the mechanisms of herbal toxicity and the attenuation effect of a processing method and would provide medical solutions for other toxic herbal medications and further clinical evidence on how AKR improves symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zuojing Li
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Glial GABA Transporters as Modulators of Inhibitory Signalling in Epilepsy and Stroke. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 16:137-167. [PMID: 28828609 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55769-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in GABA-mediated tonic inhibition are involved in several pathophysiological conditions. A classical way of controlling tonic inhibition is through pharmacological intervention with extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that sense ambient GABA and mediate a persistent GABAergic conductance. An increase in tonic inhibition may, however, also be obtained indirectly by inhibiting glial GABA transporters (GATs). These are sodium-coupled membrane transport proteins that normally act to terminate GABA neurotransmitter action by taking up GABA into surrounding astrocytes. The aim of the review is to provide an overview of glial GATs in regulating tonic inhibition, especially in epilepsy and stroke. This entails a comprehensive summary of changes known to occur in GAT expression levels and signalling following epileptic and ischemic insults. Further, we discuss the accumulating pharmacological evidence for targeting GATs in these diseases.
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Bhattacharya P, Pandey AK, Paul S, Patnaik R. Piroxicam-mediated modulatory action of 5-hydroxytryptamine serves as a "brake" on neuronal excitability in ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1418-20. [PMID: 26604901 PMCID: PMC4625506 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated an increase in extracellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rodent's ischemic brain after Piroxicam administration, leading to alleviation of glutamate mediated excitotoxicity through activation of type A GABA receptor (GABAA). This study was to investigate if GABAA activation by Piroxicam affects extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine or not. High performance liquid chromatography revealed that there was a significant decrease in extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine release in ischemic cerebral cortex and striatum in Piroxicam pre-treated rat brains. This suggests a probable role of Piroxicam in reducing extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine release in ischemic cerebral cortex and striatum possibly due to the GABAA activation by Piroxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sudip Paul
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang Y, Tan S, Xu Y, Li D, Ye L, Chen P. Effect of Inducible Co-Stimulatory Molecule siRNA in Cerebral Infarction Rat Models. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3003-7. [PMID: 26436531 PMCID: PMC4599179 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell-induced inflammatory response and related cytokine secretion at the injury site may participate in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. Recent studies established inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) as a novel T cell-related factor for its activation and functions. We thus investigate the role of ICOS in cerebral infarction. Material/Methods The siRNA of ICOS was first used to suppress the gene expression in cultured lymphocytes. An in vivo study was then performed by intravenous application of ICOS siRNA in cerebral infarction rats. Survival rates, neurological scores, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-17 levels were observed. Results The expression of ICOS in cultured lymphocytes was significantly suppressed by siRNA. In the in vivo study, the application of siRNA effectively lowered mortality rates of rats, in addition to the improvement of neurological behaviors and amelioration of cerebral tissue damage. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-17 were all significantly suppressed after siRNA injection. Conclusions ICOS siRNA can protect brain tissues from ischemia injuries after cerebral infarction, improve limb movement and coordination, lower the mortality rate of rats, and inhibit T cell-induced cytokines. These results collectively suggest the potential treatment efficacy of ICOS siRNA against cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingquan Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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