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Dong XM, Jiang L. Species-specific larval acoustic behaviour of three stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with emphasis on their stridulatory organs and acoustic signals. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2024; 80:101300. [PMID: 37716838 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic behaviour plays a significant role in insect communications, but is rarely reported in their immature stages. Larvae of Lucanidae bear paired stridulatory organs on their thoracic legs, which could produce sounds as communicational signals. However, the species-specific differences on stridulatory organs and acoustic signals are far from fully investigated. In this study, the larval acoustic behaviours of three lucanid species, Lucanus dybowski, Prosopocoilus confucius and P. girafa were recorded and compared for the first time. The sound producing mechanism was described in detail based on video recordings, morphological observations, and acoustic analyses. The larvae of all three species are able to produce sounds by scraping the plectrum on the metatrochanter against the pars stridens on the mesocoxa during disturbance. The sounds exhibit species-specific differences in terms of acoustic parameters: the larvae of L. dybowski produce short-duration (140-200 ms), single-pulse and low-frequency (∼210 Hz) sounds; P. confucius produce long-duration (500-800 ms), triple-pulse and low-frequency (∼280 Hz) sounds; P. girafa produce long-duration (500-560 ms), double-pulse and low-frequency (∼260 Hz) sounds. The amounts and arrangements of the teeth on stridulatory organs also exhibit differences on specific level. The acoustic signals and stridulatory organs were compared using principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Economic and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Economic and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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Žikić V, Lazarević M, Stanković SS, Milošević MI, Kavallieratos NG, Skourti A, Boukouvala MC. Effect of α-cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl on wing morphology of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and T. confusum Jacquelin du Val: a comparative study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:895-908. [PMID: 38036905 PMCID: PMC10789656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are widespread and serious pests of stored products. Various insecticides are applied aiming to effectively manage both species. Here, two insecticides are tested, the pyrethroid α-cypermethrin and the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl, hypothesizing that they can lead to morphological changes in the certain body parts of the adult offspring of treated T. castaneum and T. confusum parental female adults. For this purpose, the geometric morphometric method to the elytra and hindwings was applied. Both males and females were included in the analysis. The results showed that adult individuals of T. confusum showed higher tolerance to both insecticides compared to T. castaneum adults. This finding is reflected in analyses of both pairs of wings in T. confusum where changes in shape were negligible. The hindwings of T. castaneum experienced deformations to both insecticides. More significant changes in wing shape were observed in the α-cypermethrin treatment compared to pirimiphos-methyl. In the case of T. castaneum, even the shortest exposure to insecticides (5 min) is enough to provoke shape changes in the hindwings. Deformities in offspring, caused after treatment of their parents with insecticides, could moderate the frequency of insecticidal applications in storages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Žikić
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Maja Lazarević
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Saša S Stanković
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ilić Milošević
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Maria C Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str, 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
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Liu ZD, Wickham JD, Sun JH. Fighting and aggressive sound determines larger male to win male-male competition in a bark beetle. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:203-214. [PMID: 31944573 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning. While much research has documented that size matters, little is known about how the larger male wins. Dendroctonus valens is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over females. Behavioral observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each other. Experiments using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95% of contests. Reciprocal displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male competition. Larger males displaced the smaller resident male in 90% of contests, while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7% of contests. With both males silenced, larger males displaced smaller males in 80% of contests, while smaller males prevailed in 8% of contests. Further experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive sound-emitting males displaced muted males in 67% of contests, yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5% of contests. Sound analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in assays. Therefore, D. valens males have evolved dual behaviors, fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size, to assess rivals to compete for a partner, gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob D Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Le VL, Beurton-Aimar M, Zemmari A, Marie A, Parisey N. Automated landmarking for insects morphometric analysis using deep neural networks. ECOL INFORM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Regueira JC, Damasceno EM, Iannuzzi L. Shape variation of Cydianerus latruncularius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) across biomes and sexes. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lashkari M, Burckhardt D, Shamsi Gushki R. Molecular and morphometric identification of pistachio psyllids with niche modeling of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:259-269. [PMID: 31559946 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species of Agonoscena (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) are key pests of pistachio in all of the most important pistachio producing countries in the Old World. The efficiency and accuracy of DNA barcoding for the identification of Agonoscena species were tested using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCO1) and cytochrome b (cytb) gene sequences. Moreover, morphometric sexual dimorphism was studied. Finally, the potential geographical distribution of Agonoscena pistaciae, the most important pistachio pest, was calculated using the MaxEnt model. Similar relationships of clustering were found in the morphometric analysis and the molecular analyses with mtCO1 and cytb genes, with A. bimaculata and A. pistaciae being closely related, and A. pegani constituting their sister group. Although the results showed that the cytb gene is a better marker for barcoding in this group, the mtCO1 gene clearly separates the three psyllid species making mtCO1 suitable for diagnostic purposes. A geometric morphometric analysis showed that the distance between landmark number 7 (bifurcation of vein M) to the fore margin of the forewing, and the distance between landmarks number 6 (apex of vein Cu1b) and 11 (wing base), are the most important geometric characters for diagnosing the studied species. Moreover, the forewing shape of males vs females is similar in A. pistaciae and A. bimaculata but differs significantly in A. pegani. In the ecological niche modeling of the distribution of A. pistaciae, the most important contribution was made by the variable 'minimum temperature of coldest period'. The most suitable areas for A. pistaciae are restricted to Eastern, Southern and some parts of Central Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Lashkari
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Shamsi Gushki
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Qu ZF, Jia ZC, Jiang L. Description of the third instar larva of the stag beetle Prismognathus dauricus Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) using electron microscopy. Micron 2019; 120:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rink AN, Altwegg R, Edwards S, Bowie RCK, Colville JF. Contest dynamics and assessment strategies in combatant monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini). Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ariella N Rink
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Res Altwegg
- Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- African Climate and Development Initiative, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shelley Edwards
- Evolutionary Biology and Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Harmon Way, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan F Colville
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gushki RS, Lashkari M, Mirzaei S. Identification, sexual dimorphism, and allometric effects of three psyllid species of the genus Psyllopsis by geometric morphometric analysis (Hemiptera, Liviidae). Zookeys 2018:57-73. [PMID: 29674872 PMCID: PMC5904406 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.737.11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are considered important vectors of plant diseases and also economically important pests in agriculture and forest ecosystems. Three psyllid species Psyllopsisrepens Loginova, 1963, Psyllopsissecuricola Loginova, 1963, and Psyllopsismachinosus Loginova, 1963 associated with the ash tree Fraxinus are morphologically very similar. So far, their distinction has been possible only by comparing their male and female genitalia. In this research, forewing shape and size characteristics, sexual dimorphism and their allometric effects, using geometric morphometric analysis, were examined for identification purposes. The results showed significant differences in wing shape and size between the species studied. Based on the results, two species P. machinosus and P.securicola can be differentiated with the vein M1+2, as in P.securicola the vein M1+2 is located between Rs and M3+4 veins, but the vein M1+2 is closer to the vein M3+4 in P.machinosus; also, P.repens can be differentiated from the two species P.machinosus and P.securicola by vein M. Hence, the veins M1+2, M3+4, Rs and M were the most important wing characters for discrimination of the three species, especially in the field. The analysis also showed significant differences in wing shape and size between male and female of the three species, and the allometric analysis showed that significant shape differences still remain in constant size in P. machinosus and P.repens. Geometric changes in the forewings of both sexes for the three species are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Shamsi Gushki
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Lashkari
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Mirzaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Postal Code: 7631133131, P.O.Box : 76315-117, Iran
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