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Song YS, Lee SH, Jung JH, Song IH, Park HS, Moon BS, Kim SE, Lee BC. TSPO Expression Modulatory Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor in the Ischemic Stroke Rat Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061350. [PMID: 34072449 PMCID: PMC8227181 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed in vivo PET imaging with 3-[18F]F-CP118,954 (1) for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and [18F]fluoromethyl-PBR28-d2 (2) for translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) to investigate the inflammatory brain response after stroke. Imaging studies were performed in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) Sprague-Dawley rat model for a period of three weeks. The percentage injected dose per tissue weight (%ID/g) of striatum of 1, and cortex of 2 were obtained, respectively. To trace the sequential inflammatory responses, AChE imaging of 1 was done on post-MCAO day 2, after giving cold PK-11195 for 1 day, and TSPO imaging of 2 was carried out on post-MCAO day 11, after giving donepezil for 10 days. AChE activity in the MCAO-lesioned side were significantly higher than that of the contralateral side on day one, and TSPO activity was highest on day 11. TSPO inhibitor, PK-11195 did not affect AChE activity on day two, while AChE inhibitor, donepezil significantly lowered TSPO binding on day 12. Our study demonstrates that AChE level is elevated in the early course of brain ischemia as a trigger for the inflammatory response, and TSPO level is elevated persistently throughout the post-ischemic injury in the brain. Also, the AChE inhibitor may be able to inhibit or delay neurotoxic inflammatory responses and serve as a beneficial treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Sung Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.K.); (B.C.L.); Tel.: +82-31-787-7671 (S.E.K.); +82-31-787-2956 (B.C.L.)
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.S.S.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.H.S.); (H.S.P.)
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.E.K.); (B.C.L.); Tel.: +82-31-787-7671 (S.E.K.); +82-31-787-2956 (B.C.L.)
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Peters van Ton AM, Duindam HB, van Tuijl J, Li WW, Dieker HJ, Riksen NP, Meijer FA, Kessels RP, Kohn N, van der Hoeven JG, Pickkers P, Rijpkema M, Abdo WF. Neuroinflammation in cognitive decline post-cardiac surgery (the FOCUS study): an observational study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044062. [PMID: 33980522 PMCID: PMC8118022 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative cognitive dysfunction occurs frequently after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, but neuroinflammation might play a pivotal role. We hypothesise that systemic inflammation induced by the surgical trauma could activate the innate immune (glial) cells of the brain. This could lead to an exaggerated neuroinflammatory cascade, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and loss of neuronal cells. Therefore, the aims of this study are to assess neuroinflammation in vivo presurgery and postsurgery in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery and investigate whether there is a relationship of neuroinflammation to cognitive outcomes, changes to brain structure and function, and systemic inflammation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The FOCUS study is a prospective, single-centre observational study, including 30 patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG. Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography neuroimaging will be performed preoperatively and postoperatively using the second generation tracer 18F-DPA-714 to assess the neuroinflammatory response. In addition, a comprehensive cerebral MRI will be performed presurgery and postsurgery, in order to discover newly developed brain and vascular wall lesions. Up to 6 months postoperatively, serial extensive neurocognitive assessments will be performed and blood will be obtained to quantify systemic inflammatory responses and peripheral immune cell activation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Patients do not benefit directly from engaging in the study, but imaging neuroinflammation is considered safe and no side effects are expected. The study protocol obtained ethical approval by the Medical Research Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen. This work will be published in peer-reviewed international medical journals and presented at medical conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04520802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M Peters van Ton
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harmke B Duindam
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia van Tuijl
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilson Wl Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik-Jan Dieker
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fj Anton Meijer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Pc Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilson F Abdo
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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