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Özberk H, Bilgiç D, Badem A. Menstrual cycle abnormalities in women: characteristics, perceptions, and health-seeking behaviours. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2023; 28:301-307. [PMID: 37910035 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2023.2273753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate menstruation characteristics, perceptions, and health-seeking behaviours in women. METHODS We conducted this cross-sectional study with 394 women between February 2021 and October 2021. According to the self-perception of women, menstruation characteristics were divided into two groups, including 'normal' and 'abnormal'. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Assessment Form of the Menstrual Cycle Characteristics, and Health-Seeking Behaviour Scale. RESULTS Among all women, 49.7% perceived their menstruation characteristics as 'normal', and 50.3% perceived them as 'abnormal'. The menstruation characteristics negatively affected the daily life of 57.6% of women in the normal group and 68.7% of women in the abnormal group. Online health-seeking behaviour was the most common behaviour of seeking remedy; however, professional health-seeking behaviour was inadequate. Among women who perceived their menstruation characteristics as 'normal', excessive menstrual bleeding, extreme pain, and adverse effects on daily life increased health-seeking behaviour. Among women who perceived their menstruation characteristics as 'abnormal', irregular cycles, frequent bleeding, low levels of bleeding, the use of too many pads, extreme pain, and adverse effects on daily life increased health-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSION The participants in this study exhibited insufficient health-seeking behaviour for abnormal menstruation characteristics. Women should be directed by health professionals to reliable online sources to seek help, and they should be encouraged to display professional health-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Özberk
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bilgiç
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysun Badem
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Drokow EK, Effah CY, Agboyibor C, Sasu E, Amponsem-Boateng C, Akpabla GS, Ahmed HAW, Sun K. The Impact of Video-Based Educational Interventions on Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear and HPV Vaccines. Front Public Health 2021; 9:681319. [PMID: 34307280 PMCID: PMC8294697 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.681319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Video-based interventions have the potential to contribute to long-lasting improvements in health-seeking behaviours. Ghana's upsurge rate of information and communication technology usage presents an opportunity to improve the awareness of HPV vaccination and screening rates of cervical cancer among women in Ghana. This research aimed to assess the impact of video-based educational intervention centred on the Health Belief and Transtheoretical Models of behavioural changes in promoting HPV vaccination, cervical carcinoma awareness and willingness to have Pap smear test (PST) among women in Ghana. Methods: To achieve the intended sample size, convenient, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used. SPSS v. 23.0 was used in the data analysis. Percentages and frequencies were used to represent participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge of (1) cervical carcinoma, (2) human papillomavirus vaccine, and (3) Pap smear test. The chi-square test by McNemar was employed to evaluate variations in the post- and pre-intervention responses. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The level of significance was adjusted owing to multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni's correction. Results: Before the intervention, 84.2% of the participant had some knowledge or information about cervical cancer, but after the intervention, 100% of the participant became aware of cervical cancer which represents 15.8% increment at a P < .001. The willingness to have a pap smear test increased from 35.8% to 94.2% (df = 58.4%, P < .001) after the educational intervention. The willingness to be vaccinated increased from 47.5% to 81.7% (df = 34.2%, P < .001) after the educational intervention. Six months after the intervention, participants were followed-up. 253 (42.2%) participants had gone for cervical cancer screening (Pap smear test) while 347 (57.8%) participants had not been screened. In terms of HPV vaccination, 192 participants (32.0%) had begun their HPV vaccination cycle. Conclusion: The study results show that health education, using videos, may be influential in perception changing, self-efficacy improvement and the understanding of cervical carcinoma screening and HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Evans Sasu
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Centre for Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Cecilia Amponsem-Boateng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Hafiz Abdul Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Haematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Haematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital Henan, Zhengzhou, China
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Eghbal SB, Karimy M, Kasmaei P, Roshan ZA, Valipour R, Attari SM. Evaluating the effect of an educational program on increasing cervical cancer screening behavior among rural women in Guilan, Iran. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:149. [PMID: 32689993 PMCID: PMC7372794 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the major health problems and the third prevalent cancer in women all around the world. As a simple, inexpensive, and with no side-effects, Pap test is a reliable way to screen cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate, the effects of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on doing Pap smear tests among the rural women of the north of Iran. METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, 160 rural women were randomly divided into control and experimental groups to experience a three-session intervention. The experimental group received the usual educational programs of rural health center and educational programs based on the HBM constructs through personal consultation, asking/answering questions, and an educational pamphlet. The control group, received the usual educational programs of rural health center. The post-test data were collected 2 months after the intervention and analyzed in SPSS-18. RESULTS Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups regarding the mean score of knowledge, performance and constructs of the HBM. After the intervention, however, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge performance and all constructs of the HBM in two groups (p < 0.001). Rate of doing the Pap smear test in the experimental group increased from 18.7 to 78.7% in the intervention group. CONCLUSION These findings support the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention programs based on the HBM. Therefore, conducting similar programs in other regions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Bab Eghbal
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmood Karimy
- Department of public health, faculty of health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Parisa Kasmaei
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Zahra Atrkar Roshan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Roghieh Valipour
- Department of public health, Mazandaran Training & Education Organization, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Attari
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Zahra Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Ebu NI, Amissah-Essel S, Asiedu C, Akaba S, Pereko KA. Impact of health education intervention on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and screening for women in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1505. [PMID: 31711469 PMCID: PMC6849238 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of cervical cancer continues to rise in developing economies. Women in the sub-Saharan African region have higher chances of developing cervical cancer due to a greater prevalence of related risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education intervention on cervical cancer and screening perceptions of women in the Komenda, Edina, Eguafo, and Abirem (K.E.E.A) District in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods A non-equivalent control-group design was used to select church women; 396 in the intervention group and 386 in the control group, aged 11 to 70 years in the K.E.E.A District in the Central Region of Ghana. Data was collected via a validated structured interview schedule and analysed using the paired - and independent-samples t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results A comparison of the mean differences between the pre-post-test scores for the intervention and control groups showed a statistically significant difference for knowledge of cervical cancer (t = 6.22, df = 780, p = 0.001), knowledge of cervical cancer screening (t = 5.96, df = 780, p = 0.001), perceived seriousness (t = 3.36, df = 780, p = 0.001), perceived benefits (t = 9.19, df = 780, p = 0.001), and perceived barriers (t = 3.19, df = 780, p = 0.001). However, perceived susceptibility for the intervention group reduced, evidenced by a decrease in the mean (mean = − 0.12) compared to the control group (mean = 0.93) and this was statistically significant (t = 2.72, df = 780, p = 0.007). Conclusions Health education interventions are critical in improving knowledge and perceptions, and increasing self-efficacy of women about cervical cancer and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Innocentia Ebu
- Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Salome Amissah-Essel
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Christiana Asiedu
- Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Selorm Akaba
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Kingsley Asare Pereko
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Tiraki Z, Yılmaz M. Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Health Literacy Levels of Married Women. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:1270-1278. [PMID: 28668992 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive and relational study is to investigate the relationship between cervical cancer knowledge and self-efficacy and health literacy levels of married women aged 18-65 years. The study sample consisted of 400 married women (18-65 years old) who presented to a family health center. Independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics; dependent variables were cancer knowledge, self-efficacy, and health literacy level. Of the participants, 67% had a Pap smear. The participants' median knowledge score was 13 (min-max = 1-21). As the age increased, so did the knowledge score (p = 0.001). The secondary school graduates had the lowest knowledge level (p = 0.009). The participants' self-efficacy level was moderate (83.18 ± 7.70). As the educational status increased, so did their self-efficacy. Of the participants, 55.2% had a health literacy level of 7th-8th grade. The health literacy level was lower among the literate, primary school graduate, and advanced-age participants (p = 0.000). Increases in the self-efficacy and health literacy levels of the participants positively affected their knowledge status. The participants' cervical cancer and Pap smear screening knowledge levels increased as their self-efficacy levels increased. The literate or primary school graduate participants had the self-efficacy and health literacy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Tiraki
- Clinical Nurse, Ege University Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Medine Yılmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey.
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Simbar M, Rashidi Fakari F, Ghasemi V. Effects of Model-Based Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: a Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2031-2041. [PMID: 30139040 PMCID: PMC6171373 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a great concern for women’s health; early detection can play a key role in reducing associated morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effectiveness of model-based interventions for breast cancer screening behavior of women. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google scholar search engines for systematic reviews, clinical trials, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental studies (with limits to publication dates from 2000-2017), Keywords were: breast cancer, screening, systematic review, trials, and health model. In this review, qualitative analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of data. Results: Thirty six articles with 17,770 female participants were included in this review. The Health belief model was used in twenty three articles as the basis for intervention. Two articles used both the Health belief model and the Health Promotion Model, 5 articles used Health belief model and The Trans theoretical Model, 2 used Hthe ealth belief model and Theory planned behavior, 2 used the Health belief model and the Trans theoretical Model, 2 used the Trans theoretical Model, 1 used social cognitive theory, and 1 used Systematic Comprehensive Health Education and Promotion Model. The results showed that model-based educational interventions are more effective for BSE and CBE and mammography screening behavior of women compare to no model based intervention. The Health belief model was the most popular model for promoting breast cancer screening behavior. Conclusions: Educational model-based interventions promote self-care and create a foundation for improving breast cancer screening behavior of women and increase policy makers’ awareness and efforts towards its enhancement breast cancer screening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Student Research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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