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Nakka S, Katari NK, Muchakayala SK, Jonnalagadda SB, Manabolu Surya SB. Synthesis and Trace-Level Quantification of Mutagenic and Cohort-of-Concern Ciprofloxacin Nitroso Drug Substance-Related Impurities (NDSRIs) and Other Nitroso Impurities Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-Method Optimization Using I-Optimal Mixture Design. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8773-8788. [PMID: 38434810 PMCID: PMC10905725 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the pharmaceutical industry has been facing challenges from nitroso drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs). In the current study, we synthesized and developed a rapid new UPLC-MS/MS method for the trace-level quantification of ciprofloxacin NDSRIs and a couple of N-nitroso impurities simultaneously. (Q)-SAR methodology was employed to assess and categorize the genotoxicity of all ciprofloxacin N-nitroso impurities. The projected results were positive, and the cohort of concern (CoC) for all three N-nitroso impurities indicates potential genotoxicity. AQbD-driven I-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the mixture of solvents in the method. The chromatographic resolution was accomplished using an Agilent Poroshell 120 Aq-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) in isocratic elution mode with 0.1% formic acid in a mixture of water, acetonitrile, and methanol in the ratio of 475:500:25 v/v/v at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Quantification was carried out using triple quadrupole mass detection with electrospray ionization (ESI) in a multiple reaction monitoring technique. The finalized method was validated successfully, affording ICH guidelines. All N-nitroso impurities revealed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.00125-0.0250 ppm. The Pearson correlation coefficient of each N-nitroso impurity was >0.999. The method accuracy recoveries ranged from 93.98 to 108.08% for the aforementioned N-nitrosamine impurities. Furthermore, the method was effectively applied to quantify N-nitrosamine impurities simultaneously in commercially available formulated samples, with its efficiency recurring at trace levels. Thus, the current method is capable of determining the trace levels of three N-nitroso ciprofloxacin impurities simultaneously from the marketed tablet dosage forms for commercial release and stability testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nakka
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Thoma JL, Cantrell CL, Tamang P, Zheljazkov VD. Determining the optimum mixture of three essential oils for potato sprout suppression at room temperature storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1199117. [PMID: 37389299 PMCID: PMC10303126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1199117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As a staple crop, potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) play an important role in meeting daily caloric needs. To ensure adequate supplies for year-round consumption, potato quality must be maintained throughout lengthy storage periods. Towards this end, potato sprouting during storage must be minimized. Due to changing regulations regarding chemical means of potato sprout suppression, increased focus has turned to alternative products including essential oils (EO) as sprout suppressants in recent years. The complex composition of various EOs promises numerous options for sprout suppression. Furthermore, blends of several EOs may achieve enhanced sprout suppressant properties if synergistic interactions are present. We evaluated Syzygium aromaticum, Artemisia herba-alba, and Laurus nobilis EOs and blends thereof as sprout suppressants in potato cultivar Ranger Russet stored at room temperature and also tested for their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae, a causal organism of anthracnose disease in strawberries including other vegetables and fruits. A. herba-alba EO was an effective sprout suppressant when used alone and suppressed sprouting over the 90-day storage period. Interactions between A. herba-alba and S. aromaticum affected sprout length whereas interactions between A. herba-alba and L. nobilis EOs affected sprout number. An optimum blend of 50% - 82.31% A. herba-alba, 17.69% - 50% L. nobilis, and 0% - 1.01% S. aromaticum EOs could more effectively minimize tuber sprout length and number than any of the three whole EOs used alone. Among these three EOs, only S. aromaticum EO showed antifungal activity against C. fragariae in bioautography assay. These results exhibit the potential of EOs blends as a novel tactic in potato sprout suppression as well as potential natural product-based fungicides in managing C. fragariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena L. Thoma
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS, United States
| | - Prabin Tamang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS, United States
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Loffredi E, Alamprese C. Optimisation of a blend of emulsifier substitutes for clean-label artisanal ice cream. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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The effects of select stabilizers addition on physicochemical, textural, microstructural and sensory properties of ice cream. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Heuristic-based computer-aided design of ice creams and validation by using jaggery as refined sugar substitute. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Cáceres-Hernández A, Torres-Torres JG, Silahua-Pavón A, Godavarthi S, García-Zaleta D, Saavedra-Díaz RO, Tavares-Figueiredo R, Cervantes-Uribe A. Facile Synthesis of ZnO-CeO 2 Heterojunction by Mixture Design and Its Application in Triclosan Degradation: Effect of Urea. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121969. [PMID: 35745314 PMCID: PMC9230812 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, simplex centroid mixture design was employed to determine the effect of urea on ZnO-CeO. The heterojunction materials were synthesized using a solid-state combustion method, and the physicochemical properties were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was determined by a triclosan degradation reaction under UV irradiation. According to the results, the crystal size of zinc oxide decreases in the presence of urea, whereas a reverse effect was observed for cerium oxide. A similar trend was observed for ternary samples, i.e., the higher the proportion of urea, the larger the crystallite cerium size. In brief, urea facilitated the co-existence of crystallites of CeO and ZnO. On the other hand, UV spectra indicate that urea shifts the absorption edge to a longer wavelength. Studies of the photocatalytic activity of TCS degradation show that the increase in the proportion of urea favorably influenced the percentage of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Cáceres-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, C.P. Cunduacán 86690, TB, Mexico; (A.C.-H.); (J.G.T.-T.); (A.S.-P.); (R.O.S.-D.)
| | - Jose Gilberto Torres-Torres
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, C.P. Cunduacán 86690, TB, Mexico; (A.C.-H.); (J.G.T.-T.); (A.S.-P.); (R.O.S.-D.)
| | - Adib Silahua-Pavón
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, C.P. Cunduacán 86690, TB, Mexico; (A.C.-H.); (J.G.T.-T.); (A.S.-P.); (R.O.S.-D.)
| | - Srinivas Godavarthi
- Investigadoras e Investigadores por México—División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86690, TB, Mexico;
| | - David García-Zaleta
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Carretera Cunduacán–Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, km 1, Col. La Esmeralda, Villahermosa 86690, TB, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Omar Saavedra-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, C.P. Cunduacán 86690, TB, Mexico; (A.C.-H.); (J.G.T.-T.); (A.S.-P.); (R.O.S.-D.)
| | | | - Adrián Cervantes-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Catalíticos Aplicados al Desarrollo de Fuentes de Energía y Remediación Ambiental, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), DACB, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Km.1 carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez, C.P. Cunduacán 86690, TB, Mexico; (A.C.-H.); (J.G.T.-T.); (A.S.-P.); (R.O.S.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-553-143-9893
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Zagorska J, Paeglite I, Galoburda R. Application of lactobionic acid in ice cream production. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Zagorska
- Faculty of Food Technology Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Riga street 22a Jelgava LV‐3004 Latvia
| | - Ieva Paeglite
- Faculty of Food Technology Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Riga street 22a Jelgava LV‐3004 Latvia
| | - Ruta Galoburda
- Faculty of Food Technology Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Riga street 22a Jelgava LV‐3004 Latvia
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BARROS ELDS, SILVA CC, CANELLA MHM, VERRUCK S, PRESTES AA, VARGAS MO, MARAN BM, ESMERINO EA, SILVA R, BALTHAZAR CF, CALADO VMDA, PRUDENCIO ES. Effect of replacement of milk by block freeze concentrated whey in physicochemical and rheological properties of ice cream. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramon SILVA
- Universidade Federal Rural de Rio do Janeiro, Brasil
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Recent Applications of Mixture Designs in Beverages, Foods, and Pharmaceutical Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081941. [PMID: 34441717 PMCID: PMC8391317 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Design of Experiments (DoE) is a statistical tool used to plan and optimize experiments and is seen as a quality technology to achieve products excellence. Among the experimental designs (EDs), the mixture designs (MDs) stand out, being widely applied to improve conditions for processing, developing, or formulating novel products. This review aims to provide useful updated information on the capacity and diversity of MDs applications for the industry and scientific community in the areas of food, beverage, and pharmaceutical health. Recent works were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) flow diagram. Data analysis was performed by self-organizing map (SOM) to check and understand which fields of application/countries/continents are using MDs. Overall, the SOM indicated that Brazil presented the largest number of works using MDs. Among the continents, America and Asia showed a predominance in applications with the same amount of work. Comparing the MDs application areas, the analysis indicated that works are prevalent in food and beverage science in the American continent, while in Asia, health science prevails. MDs were more used to develop functional/nutraceutical products and the formulation of drugs for several diseases. However, we briefly describe some promising research fields in that MDs can still be employed.
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Atalar I, Kurt A, Gul O, Yazici F. Improved physicochemical, rheological and bioactive properties of ice cream: Enrichment with high pressure homogenized hazelnut milk. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Squeo G, De Angelis D, Leardi R, Summo C, Caponio F. Background, Applications and Issues of the Experimental Designs for Mixture in the Food Sector. Foods 2021; 10:1128. [PMID: 34069527 PMCID: PMC8161211 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixtures play a key role in Food Science and Technology. For studying them, rational approaches should be used. In detail, the experimental designs for mixtures are useful tools for studying the effects of ingredients/components in formulations. RESULTS Food Science and Technology is the fourth category among the total records considered in this review. The applications span from food formulation to the composition of modified atmosphere, shelf-life improvement and bioactives extraction. However, the majority of the studies regards few products and ingredients. Simplex-lattice and simplex-centroid designs are the most common used, although some optimal designs, such as the D-optimal, have also interesting applications. Finally, some issues are highlighted, which basically regard the interpretation of the models coefficients and the lack of model validation. CONCLUSION In the last decade, mixture designs have been fairly used in the field of Food Science and Technology. Modeling the response(s) allows researchers to achieve a global knowledge of the system under study within the defined experimental domain. However, the majority of application has regarded limited classes of products, and thus an increase in the spectrum of applications is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.A.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Davide De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.A.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Riccardo Leardi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy;
| | - Carmine Summo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.A.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.A.); (C.S.); (F.C.)
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Danylenko S, Ryzhkova T, Diukareva G, Kopylova K, Kozlovska G. Development of Production Technology of Goat's Sour Cream Butter Enriched With Whey Herbal Infusions. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2020.4.4.210320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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13
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Cavender GA, Kerr WL. Microfluidization of full‐fat ice cream mixes: Effects on rheology and microstructure. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Cavender
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyThe University of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - William L. Kerr
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyThe University of Georgia Athens Georgia
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Dias AC, Fontes MPF, Reis C, Bellato CR, Fendorf S. Simplex-Centroid mixture design applied to arsenic (V) removal from waters using synthetic minerals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:92-101. [PMID: 30849602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic and carcinogenic element. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on As-contaminated water management in order to achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water (0.010 mg L-1). A Simplex-Centroid mixture design (SCMD) was used to determine the best mineral composition for both maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) (MAC-As) and residual concentration of As(V) (RC-As), using synthetic poorly crystallized aluminum hydroxide (pAlHyd), calcined layered double hydroxide (cLDH), and two-line ferrihydrite (2ℓFh). The analysis of variance results and the predicted values of models showed a good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that SCMD is a reliable method to optimize As removal through determination of the best mineral composition. The ability of pure synthetic minerals to remove As from water was different among those mixtures thereof, which indicate that the mineral components interacted with each other. Results showed that cLDH was the best As adsorbent. However, it showed a RC-As higher than the WHO standard. The pAlHyd and 2ℓFh exhibited smaller MAC-As, but they lowered RC-As to below 0.010 mg L-1, showing no direct relationship between high MAC-As and low RC-As. Therefore, mineral compositions which combine high adsorption capacity with low residual concentration should work better for removing As from drinking water, ensuring it meets the WHO potability standard. Ternary diagrams for MAC-As and RC-As showed that the best combination for maximizing MAC-As and reducing RC-As should be a mixture of 75-90% of cLDH, 10-20% of pAlHyd, and 0-5% of 2ℓFh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cristina Dias
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Bellato
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Departments of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA.
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Kurt A, Atalar I. Effects of quince seed on the rheological, structural and sensory characteristics of ice cream. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Rheological, physical and sensory characteristics of light ice cream as affected by selected fat replacers. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Te B, Wichitsathian B, Yossapol C, Wonglertarak W. Development of low-cost iron mixed porous pellet adsorbent by mixture design approach and its application for arsenate and arsenite adsorption from water. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0263617417693626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, natural clay, iron oxide, and iron powder were combined to develop low-cost iron mixed porous pellet adsorbent for arsenate and arsenite removal from aqueous solution in batch experiments. The augmented simplex centroid mixture design was applied to obtain the optimum proportion of each constituent. Higher correlation coefficient of the models (R2 > 0.95), good distribution of residuals, and lower values of p value (<0.05) indicated that the method is suitable for determining the optimum mixture proportion. Extensive decrease of both arsenate and arsenite adsorption occurred in the alkaline condition (pH > 9). Kinetic and isotherm experimental data of both arsenate and arsenite were well described by the pseudo-second order and Sips models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of arsenate and arsenite derived from Sips model were 13.33 and 19.06 mg/g, respectively. The separation and heterogeneity factors showed that both arsenate and arsenite were favorably adsorbed. Among coexisting anions, phosphate significantly showed negative effect on the adsorption of either arsenate or arsenite. The adsorbent could be effectively reused for several times after its regeneration and was considered as non-hazardous material after adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borano Te
- School of Environmental Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
| | | | - Chatpet Yossapol
- School of Environmental Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
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