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Georgescu-State R, van Staden JKF, Staden RISV, State RN. Electrochemical platform based on molecularly imprinted polymer with zinc oxide nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed carbon electrode for amaranth determination. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:229. [PMID: 37204551 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical platform for amaranth determination has been developed using a rapid, easy, inexpensive, and portable molecularly imprinted polymer technique. The MIP platform was fabricated by electropolymerizing melamine as monomer in the presence of amaranth as template on the surface of ZnO-MWCNT/SPCE. Then, amaranth was completely eluted, leaving imprinted cavities in the polymeric film that could effectively recognize amaranth in solution. The electrochemical platform based on a molecularly imprinted polymelamine was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimum conditions, the developed MIP/ZnO-MWCNT/SPCE platform can be properly used for amaranth determination, with high sensitivity of 96.2 µA µM cm-2, two linear concentration ranges (0.01 to 1 µM and 1 to 1000 µM) and a low limit of detection of 0.003 µM. The anodic peak potential of amaranth was found to be 0.73 V. Additionally, the polymelamine MIP films specifically recognize amaranth molecules, making it possible to detect amaranth in a complex solution with high selectivity, excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. The MIP/ZnO-MWCNT modified screen-printed carbon electrode was successfully applied to determine amaranth in pharmaceutical and water samples, with recovery values ranging from 99.7 to 102% and RSD% values less than 3.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Georgescu-State
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Jacobus Koos Frederick van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Nicolae State
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
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Arteshi Y, Lima D, Tittlemier SA, Kuss S. Rapid and inexpensive voltammetric detection of ochratoxin A in wheat matrices. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108451. [PMID: 37150089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Produced as toxic metabolites by fungi, mycotoxins, such as ochratoxin A (OTA), contaminate grain and animal feed and cause great economic losses. Herein, we report the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor consisting of an inexpensive and label-free carbon black-graphite paste electrode (CB-G-CPE), which was fully optimized to detect OTA in durum wheat matrices using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The effect of carbon paste composition, electrolyte pH and DPV parameters were studied to determine the optimum conditions for the electroanalytical determination of OTA. Full factorial and central composite experimental designs (FFD and CCD) were used to optimize DPV parameters, namely pulse width, pulse height, step height and step time. The developed electrochemical sensor successfully detected OTA with detection and quantification limits equal to 57.2 nM (0.023 µg mL-1) and 190.6 nM (0.077 µg mL-1), respectively. The accuracy and precision of the presented CB-G-CPE was used to successfully quantify OTA in real wheat matrices. This study presents an inexpensive and user-friendly method with potential applications in grain quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Arteshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144, Dysart Road, R3T 2N2 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Dhésmon Lima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144, Dysart Road, R3T 2N2 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | | | - Sabine Kuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144, Dysart Road, R3T 2N2 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Singh A, Singh G, Kaur N, Singh N. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of ochratoxin-A using fluorescent CQDs@DNA-based nanoarchitecture assembly to monitor food safety and quality. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1826-1835. [PMID: 36971227 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin formed by various fungi, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium species, is dangerous to human health. Thus, to circumvent the risk of OTA ingestion, the recognition and quantification of OTA levels are of great significance. A perusal of the literature has revealed that the integration of DNA/Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)-based hybrid systems may exhibit the unique electronic and optical properties of nanomaterials/nanoarchitecture and consequent recognition properties. Herein, we developed the CQDs@DNA-based hybrid nanoarchitecture system for the selective detection of OTA, which exhibits modulation in the emission spectrum after interaction with OTA, with a significant binding constant (Ka = 3.5 × 105 M-1), a limit of detection of 14 nM, limit of quantification of 47 nM and working range of 1-10 μM. The mechanism for sensing the OTA has been corroborated using fluorescence, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and FTIR techniques, demonstrating the binding mode of CQD@DNA hybrid nano-architecture assembly with OTA. Further, we demonstrated the sensing ability of developed CQDs@DNA-based nanoarchitecture assembly towards the quantification of OTA in real food monitoring analysis for real-time applications, which makes this developed nanoarchitecture assembly the potential candidate to conveniently monitor food safety and quality for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India.
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
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Current State of Sensors and Sensing Systems Utilized in Beer Analysis. BEVERAGES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Advances in instrumental techniques have allowed the analysis and characterization of a large number of beers. However, review studies that outline the methodologies used in beer characterization are scarce. Herein, a systematic review investigating the molecular targets and sensometric techniques in beer characterization was performed following the PRISMA protocol. The study reviewed 270 articles related to beer analysis in order to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in beer analysis, including methods using sensors and sensing systems. The results revealed the use of various techniques that include several technologies, such as nanotechnology and electronics, often combined with scientific data analysis tools. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind and provides the reader with a faithful overview of what has been done in the sensor field regarding beer characterization.
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Disposable Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Graphene Oxide-DNA Complex as Signal Amplifier towards Ultrasensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060834. [PMID: 35744448 PMCID: PMC9228252 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification is crucial in developing a reliable disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs)-based biosensor for analyte detection with a narrow detection window. This work demonstrated a novel label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on SPCEs for the ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). The graphene oxide-DNA (GO-DNA) complex as a signal amplifier with easy preparation was investigated for the first time. The proposed aptasensor based on the SPCEs/GO/cDNA-aptamer/3D-rGO-AuNPs structure was formed through the hybridization of aptamer-linked 3D-rGO/AuNPs and its complementary DNA-linked GO (GO-cDNA). The presence of OTA was discerned by its specific aptamer forming a curled OTA-aptamer complex and releasing the GO-cDNA from the surface of SPCEs. The resulting OTA-aptamer complex hindered interfacial electron transfer on the sensing surface, leading to the decreased peak current. The GO-cDNA further amplified the peak current change. This electrochemical aptasensor showed a low limit of detection of 5 fg/mL as well as good reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.38%. Moreover, the detection result of OTA in the rice and oat samples was comparable with that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In general, the OTA aptasensor used in this work with convenient preparation, low-cost, good selectivity, high sensitivity and acceptable reproducibility can be proposed as a reliable point-of-care (POC) technique for OTA determination.
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Comparison study of nanofibers, composite nano/microfiber materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and core-shell sorbents used for on-line extraction-liquid chromatography of ochratoxins in Tokaj wines. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Huang H, Wang D, Zhou Y, Wu D, Liao X, Xiong W, Du J, Hong Y. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified two dimensional MXene with high antifouling property for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:455501. [PMID: 34343976 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensor has great potential in the detection of small molecules by virtues of low cost, fast response, and easy to miniaturization. However, electrochemical sensing of ochratoxin A (OTA) was seriously hindered by the heavy electrode-fouling effect and poor electrochemical activity inherent from OTA molecular. Herein, two-dimensional titanium carbide (2D Ti3C2) MXene incorporated with carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) was developed as a glassy carbon electrode modifier for rapid and sensitive detection of OTA. Physical characterizations combined with electrochemical techniques revealed that cMWCNTs can not only prevent the restacking of 2D Ti3C2nanosheets but also facile its electron transfer, leading to a nanohybrid with a high specific surface and good electrocatalytic activity to OTA. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed a good linear response to OTA in a concentration range from 0.09 to 10μmol·l-1and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.028μmol·l-1. The proposed sensor was impelled successive times to detect OTA, a good repeatability was obtained, indicating the constructed sensor possessed good anti-fouling property. Moreover, satisfactory recoveries between 91.8% and 103.2% were obtained in the real sample analysis of grape and beer, showing that the developed sensing technique is reliable for the screening of trace OTA in food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Wu
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Liao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanming Xiong
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Hong
- Research Center of Mycotoxin in Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
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Determination of Ochratoxin A and Ochratoxin B in Archived Tokaj Wines (Vintage 1959-2017) Using On-Line Solid Phase Extraction Coupled to Liquid Chromatography. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120739. [PMID: 33255273 PMCID: PMC7761308 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the EU legislation, ochratoxin A contamination is controlled in wines. Tokaj wine is a special type of sweet wine produced from botrytized grapes infected by “noble rot” Botrytis cinerea. Although a high contamination was reported in sweet wines and noble rot grapes could be susceptible to coinfection with other fungi, including ochratoxigenic species, no screening of Tokaj wines for mycotoxin contamination has been carried out so far. Therefore, we developed an analytical method for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) and ochratoxin B (OTB) involving online SPE coupled to HPLC-FD using column switching to achieve the fast and sensitive control of mycotoxin contamination. The method was validated with recoveries ranging from 91.6% to 99.1% with an RSD less than 2%. The limits of quantification were 0.1 and 0.2 µg L−1 for OTA and OTB, respectively. The total analysis time of the online SPE-HPLC-FD method was a mere 6 min. This high throughput enables routine analysis. Finally, we carried out an extensive investigation of the ochratoxin contamination in 59 Slovak Tokaj wines of 1959–2017 vintage. Only a few positives were detected. The OTA content in most of the checked wines did not exceed the EU maximum tolerable limit of 2 µg L−1, indicating a good quality of winegrowing and storing.
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Abollino O, Malandrino M, Berto S, La Gioia C, Maruccia V, Conca E, Ruo Redda A, Giacomino A. Stripping voltammetry for field determination of traces of copper in soil extracts and natural waters. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alhamoud Y, Yang D, Fiati Kenston SS, Liu G, Liu L, Zhou H, Ahmed F, Zhao J. Advances in biosensors for the detection of ochratoxin A: Bio-receptors, nanomaterials, and their applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111418. [PMID: 31228729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a class of mycotoxin mainly produced by the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA can cause various forms of kidney, liver and brain diseases in both humans and animals although trace amount of OTA is normally present in food. Therefore, development of fast and sensitive detection technique is essential for accurate diagnosis of OTA. Currently, the most commonly used detection methods are enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA) and chromatographic techniques. These techniques are sensitive but time consuming, and require expensive equipment, highly trained operators, as well as extensive preparation steps. These drawbacks limit their wide application in OTA detection. On the contrary, biosensors hold a great potential for OTA detection at for both research and industry because they are less expensive, rapid, sensitive, specific, simple and portable. This paper aims to provide an extensive overview on biosensors for OTA detection by highlighting the main biosensing recognition elements for OTA, the most commonly used nanomaterials for fabricating the sensing interface, and their applications in different read-out types of biosensors. Current challenges and future perspectives are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Alhamoud
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Danting Yang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Linyang Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fatma Ahmed
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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Sultana A, Sazawa K, Okazaki T, Islam MS, Hata N, Sugawara K, Kuramitz H. Adsorptive Voltammetry for the Determination of Ochratoxin A Using Enrichment Effect by Cationic Surfactants. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sultana
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuto Sazawa
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Takuya Okazaki
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Noriko Hata
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
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Xiang Y, Camarada MB, Wen Y, Wu H, Chen J, Li M, Liao X. Simple voltammetric analyses of ochratoxin A in food samples using highly-stable and anti-fouling black phosphorene nanosensor. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jiang C, Lan L, Yao Y, Zhao F, Ping J. Recent progress in application of nanomaterial-enabled biosensors for ochratoxin A detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Determination of zearalenone with a glassy carbon electrode modified with nanocomposite consisting of palladium nanoparticles and a conductive polymeric ionic liquid. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Xu X, Xu C, Ying Y. Aptasensor for the simple detection of ochratoxin A based on side-by-side assembly of gold nanorods. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new aptasensor based on the side-by-side assembly of gold nanorods (GNRs) was studied for the one-step determination of ochratoxin A (OTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Chengnan Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
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