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Lantos F, Váczi V, Gyalai I, Süli-Zakar T, Szarvas A, Tar M, Püski P, Bajtel Á, Kiss T. Investigation of in vitro biological activity of young Hordeum vulgare leaf in correlation with its bioactive compounds. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00227-1. [PMID: 38967876 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Young shoots of cereals are widely regarded as superfoods with health benefits attributed to their potential antioxidant activity and antioxidant-related effects (e.g. anticancer). The current study aimed to examine the chemical characteristics of Hordeum vulgare methanolic and aqueous extracts and assess their antioxidant activity using the DDPH and ORAC. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase was screened. TLC bioautography was employed to determine the polarity of the compounds present in the extracts that exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity. Total flavonoid content of the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 0.14 mg QE/g and 0.012 mg QE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was found to be more potent, with a value of 0.97 ± 0.13 mmol TE/g than the aqueous extract which had no activity. This study presents novel findings on the xanthine inhibitory activity of H. vulgare. The methanolic extract demonstrated moderate inhibition of xanthine oxidase with a value of 23.24%. The results of our study were compared with the phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of Triticum aestivum, and further comparison was made with the data reported in the literature. Inconsistencies were observed in the chemical and pharmacological properties of H. vulgare, which could be a result of using herbal material harvested in different vegetative phases and various methods used for extraction. The findings of our study indicate that the timing of the harvest and extraction method may play crucial role in attaining the optimal phytochemical composition of H. vulgare, hence enhancing its pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Lantos
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Environmental Protection, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., Hódmezővásárhely, 6800, Hungary
| | - Vivien Váczi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Environmental Protection, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., Hódmezővásárhely, 6800, Hungary
| | - Ingrid Gyalai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Environmental Protection, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., Hódmezővásárhely, 6800, Hungary
| | - Tímea Süli-Zakar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Environmental Protection, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., Hódmezővásárhely, 6800, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szarvas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Environmental Protection, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., Hódmezővásárhely, 6800, Hungary
| | - Melinda Tar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Environmental Protection, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., Hódmezővásárhely, 6800, Hungary
| | - Péter Püski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Ákos Bajtel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Kiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-SZTE Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, Eötvös u. 6., 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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Demircan C, Aydin E, Ozkan G, Ozcelik MM. Sugar-free functional sweet basil drink: ultrasound-assisted extraction, process optimization, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023; 17:4530-4540. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
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Karam L, Ghonim F, Dahdah P, Attieh G, Al-Ahmad S, Ghonim S, Osaili T. Beyond Chemical Preservatives: Enhancing the Shelf-Life and Sensory Quality of Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Hummus with Vinegar and Other Natural Antimicrobials. Foods 2023; 12:2947. [PMID: 37569216 PMCID: PMC10418500 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hummus is a traditional and very popular Mediterranean ready-to-eat (RTE) food, with growing popularity worldwide. However, it has a high water activity and is susceptible to microbial growth and post-process contamination that limit its quality and shelf-life. For this purpose, the present study compared the use of several antimicrobials, alone or in combination, for hummus preservation during storage (4 °C), for up to 45 days. The chemical preservative potassium sorbate 0.09% (S) was evaluated, along with three natural antimicrobials: garlic 1.25% (G); vinegar 5% (V); natamycin 0.002% (N); or their combination: garlic 1.25%-vinegar 5% (GV); vinegar 5%-natamycin 0.002% (VN); garlic 1.25%-natamycin 0.002% (GN); and garlic 1.25%-vinegar 5%-natamycin 0.002% (GVN) to increase the shelf-life of hummus. A thymol and carvacrol mixture 0.2% (O) was also assessed to preserve and develop a new oregano-flavored hummus. All treatments that included vinegar used alone or in combination had significantly higher antimicrobial effectiveness than the other treatments. They achieved 2.2-3.2, 1.8-3.1, and 1.4-2.1 log reductions in total aerobic counts (TAC), Pseudomonas spp., and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), respectively, as compared to the control samples © at day 21. Therefore, the shelf-life of C, S, N, G, GN, and O was around (ca.) 19 days, compared to an extended one of ca. 25 days for V and VN, and ca. 30 days for GV and GVN. Sensory analysis showed the highest acceptability for C, N, S, V, and VN, followed by GV and GVN, and the lowest was for G, GN, and finally O. The findings provide potential alternatives to chemical preservatives, which could be used for natural hummus preservation and shelf-life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Fatma Ghonim
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Patricia Dahdah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
- Department of Agriculture, Section of Agri-Food Biotechnology, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Grace Attieh
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Shama Al-Ahmad
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Salma Ghonim
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Tareq Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Rymbai H, Verma VK, Talang H, Assumi SR, Devi MB, Vanlalruati, Sangma RHCH, Biam KP, Chanu LJ, Makdoh B, Singh AR, Mawleiñ J, Hazarika S, Mishra VK. Biochemical and antioxidant activity of wild edible fruits of the eastern Himalaya, India. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1039965. [PMID: 36937364 PMCID: PMC10014916 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1039965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The eastern Himalayas, one of the important hotspots of global biodiversity, have a rich diversity of wild edible fruit trees. The fruits of these tree species have been consumed by the tribal people since time immemorial. However, there is limited information available on the biochemical and antioxidant properties of the fruits. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of the nine most important wild fruit trees. Among the species, Pyrus pashia had the maximum fruit weight (37.83 g), while the highest juice (43.72%) and pulp content (84.67%) were noted in Haematocarpus validus and Myrica esculenta, respectively. Maximum total soluble solids (18.27%), total sugar (11.27%), moisture content (88.39%), ascorbic acid content (63.82 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (18.47 mg/100 g), and total monomeric anthocyanin (354.04 mg/100 g) were recorded in H. validus. Docynia indica had the highest total phenolic content (19.37 mg GAE/g), while H. validus recorded the highest total flavonoids and flavanol content. The antioxidant activities of the different fruits ranged from 0.17 to 0.67 IC50 for DPPH activity and 3.59-13.82 mg AAE/g for FRAP. These fruits had attractive pigmentation of both pulp and juice and were a good potential source for the extraction of natural edible color in the food industry. The fruits also possess high market prices; Prunus nepalensis fetched $ 34.10-$ 141.5 per tree. Therefore, these fruits are rich sources of antioxidants, pigments and have a high market value for livelihood and nutritional security.
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Sharma A, Yadav M, Sharma N, Kumari A, Kaur S, Meenu M, Garg M. Comparison of wheatgrass juices from colored wheat (white, black, blue, and purple) for health promoting phytochemicals. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Phimphilai S, Koonyosying P, Hutachok N, Kampoun T, Daw R, Chaiyasut C, Prasartthong-osoth V, Srichairatanakool S. Identifying Chemical Composition, Safety and Bioactivity of Thai Rice Grass Extract Drink in Cells and Animals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226887. [PMID: 34833982 PMCID: PMC8621899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice grass has been reported to contain bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities. We aimed to assess rice grass extract (RGE) drink by determining catechin content, free-radical scavenging and iron-binding properties, as well as toxicity in cells and animals. Young rice grass (Sukhothai-1 strain) was dried, extracted with hot water and lyophilized in a vacuum chamber. The resulting extract was reconstituted with deionized water (260 mg/40 mL) and served as Sukhothai-1 rice grass extract drink (ST1-RGE). HPLC results revealed at least eight phenolic compounds, for which the major catechins were catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (2.71-3.57, 0.98-1.85 and 25.47-27.55 mg/40 mL serving, respectively). Elements (As, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn) and aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) contents did not exceed the relevant limits when compared with WHO guideline values. Importantly, ST1-RGE drink exerted radical-scavenging, iron-chelating and anti-lipid peroxidation properties in aqueous and biological environments in a concentration-dependent manner. The drink was not toxic to cells and animals. Thus, Sukhothai-1 rice grass product is an edible drink that is rich in catechins, particularly EGCG, and exhibited antioxidant, free radical scavenging and iron-binding/chelating properties. The product represents a functional drink that is capable of alleviating conditions of oxidative stress and iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthaya Phimphilai
- Division of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Tanyaluk Kampoun
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Rufus Daw
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | | | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5393-5322
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Tailoring Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Loaded with Chemical and Biological Agents for Agricultural Application and Production of Value-Added Foods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews the recent development of biopolymer-based delivery systems for agricultural application. Encapsulation into biopolymer microparticles ensures the protection and targeted delivery of active agents while offering controlled release with higher efficiency and environmental safety for ecological and sustainable plant production. Encapsulation of biological agents provides protection and increases its survivability while providing an environment safe for growth. The application of microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents presents an innovative way to stimulate plant metabolites synthesis. This enhances plants’ defense against pests and pathogens and results in the production of higher quality food (i.e., higher plant metabolites share). Ionic gelation was presented as a sustainable method in developing biopolymeric microparticles based on the next-generation biopolymers alginate and chitosan. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of advanced formulations against conventional ones. The significance of plant metabolites stimulation and their importance in functional food production is also pointed out. This review offers guidelines in developing biopolymeric microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents and guidelines for the application in plant production, underlining its effect on the plant metabolites synthesis.
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Koonyosying P, Flemming B, Kusirisin W, Lerttrakarnnon P, Utama‐ang N, Fucharoen S, Srichairatanakool S. Production, iron analysis and consumer perception of functional Thai Sinlek iron rice (
Oryza sativa
) drink. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Oxidative Stress Cluster Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Ben Flemming
- Oxidative Stress Cluster Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200Thailand
- Department of Earth and Environment Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Winthana Kusirisin
- Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon
- Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Niramon Utama‐ang
- Cluster of High‐Value Products from Thai Rice for Health Faculty of Agro‐Industry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50100Thailand
- Division of Product Development Technology Faculty of Agro‐Industry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50100Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center Institute of Molecular Biosciences Mahidol University Salaya Campus Nakornpathom70130Thailand
| | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Oxidative Stress Cluster Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai50200Thailand
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Du S, Huang X, Cai Y, Hao Y, Qiu S, Liu L, Cui M, Luo L. Differential Antioxidant Compounds and Activities in Seedlings of Two Rice Cultivars Under Chilling Treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631421. [PMID: 33719304 PMCID: PMC7952967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Variations in antioxidant compounds were examined in seedlings of two rice cultivars (Qiutianxiaoting and 93-11) exposed to low temperature (4°C) for 0, 12, 36, and 48 h. Antioxidant activity was identified by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll, and anthocyanins (ACNs) were determined by spectrophotometry. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to reveal the changes in phenolic compound concentrations in rice seedlings under chilling treatment. Results showed that antioxidant concentrations and antioxidant activity after chilling treatment were higher in 93-11 compared to Qiutianxiaoting, reaching the highest level at 36 h chilling treatment in 93-11. Phenolic compounds in Qiutianxiaoting decreased between 12 and 36 h but then increased at 48 h, whereas the corresponding levels in 93-11 increased as chilling time increased. Moreover, 10 phenolic compounds were detected and quantified by HPLC, of which gallic acid and caffeic acid tended to only exist in 93-11, whereas rutin was observed only in Qiutianxiaoting. The results of this study could be leveraged to optimize the antioxidant potential of rice in the context of healthy food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangguang Du
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yali Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingbin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengrong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Cui,
| | - Liping Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Cui,
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Jiang B, Geng F, Chang R, Ruan M, Bian Y, Xu L, Feng F, Chen Q. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effect of Ultraviolet Stress on Functional Phytochemicals of Hulless Barley (Qingke) Grass in Different Growth Times at Vegetative Stage. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31810-31820. [PMID: 33344835 PMCID: PMC7745435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was executed to analyze the functional phytochemicals of hulless barley grass grown under different intensities of ultraviolet stress. The wheat seedlings were imposed to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 h ultraviolet radiation and harvested in different times at vegetative stage. Specifically, the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, and chlorophyll were determined and antioxidants capacity was evaluated by OH• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging ability. A mathematical model (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS) was also employed for the comprehensive evaluation of functional components of hulless barley grass at different growth stages. The results showed that the UV stress could efficiently improve/preserve the contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, as well as the OH• and ABTS scavenging capacity. TOPSIS evaluation revealed that the highest phytochemical contents were yield on the 15th day under 1.0 h ultraviolet treatment.
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Jurić S, Jurić M, Król-Kilińska Ż, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K, Vinceković M, Dragović-Uzelac V, Donsì F. Sources, stability, encapsulation and application of natural pigments in foods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1837862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Jurić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Jurić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Żaneta Król-Kilińska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marko Vinceković
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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12
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Panthi M, Subba RK, Raut B, Khanal DP, Koirala N. Bioactivity evaluations of leaf extract fractions from young barley grass and correlation with their phytochemical profiles. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 32111207 PMCID: PMC7076879 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pressed juice of Barley Grass (BG) has become very popular among people for various assumed benefits along with many testimonies of people who have been healed from various ailments such as anemia, cancer, GI problems by consuming BG. The aim of our research was to validate the claims of its medicinal values such as chemo-protective action, high anti-oxidants, RBC membrane stabilization activity, and toxicity level. METHODS Extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were quantitatively estimated for total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The same extracts were assessed for their antioxidative potentials with the use of DPPH free radical scavenging assay followed by determination of HRBC membrane stabilization method, Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) and GC-MS analysis. RESULTS All the extracts showed high TPC and TFC along with the stronger correlation with the antioxidant activity of the extracts suggesting phenolics and flavonoids contents of the extract might be attributed to showing antioxidant activity. The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the plant also showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity where methanolic extracts had the lowest EC50. During Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, all extracts of BG were found to be bioactive and the degree of lethality was found to be concentration dependent. The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of BG revealed 23 compounds which are reported to possess different biological activities. CONCLUSION The study reveals the strong antioxidant and RBC membrane stabilization activity of BG. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay found extracts to be bioactive suggesting extracts as a promising candidate for plant-derived anti-tumor compounds. Further, studies are needed to validate the data on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Panthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Manmohan Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Romit Kumar Subba
- Department of Pharmacy, Manmohan Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bechan Raut
- Department of Pharmacy, Manmohan Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dharma Prasad Khanal
- Department of Pharmacy, Manmohan Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Plant Organs Compared to Green and Roasted Coffee Beans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020093. [PMID: 31979036 PMCID: PMC7070527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the phytochemical composition of coffee plant organs and their corresponding antioxidant capacities compared to green and roasted coffee beans. HPLC analysis indicated that the investigated compounds were present in all organs except mangiferin, which was absent in roots, stems and seeds, and caffeine, which was absent in stems and roots. Total phytochemicals were highest in the green beans (GB) at 9.70 mg g−1 dry weight (DW), while roasting caused a 66% decline in the roasted beans (RB). This decline resulted more from 5–CQA and sucrose decomposition by 68% and 97%, respectively, while caffeine and trigonelline were not significantly thermally affected. Roasting increased the total phenolic content (TPC) by 20.8% which was associated with an increase of 68.8%, 47.5% and 13.4% in the antioxidant capacity (TEAC) determined by 2,2–diphenyl–1–picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2–azino bis (3–ethyl benzothiazoline–6–sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. Amongst the leaves, the youngest (L1) contained the highest content at 8.23 mg g−1 DW, which gradually reduced with leaf age to 5.57 mg g−1 DW in the oldest (L6). Leaves also contained the highest TPC (over 60 mg g−1 GAE) and exhibited high TEAC, the latter being highest in L1 at 328.0, 345.7 and 1097.4, and least in L6 at 304.6, 294.5 and 755.1 µmol Trolox g−1 sample for the respective assays. Phytochemical accumulation, TPC and TEAC were least in woody stem (WS) at 1.42 mg g−1 DW; 8.7 mg g−1 GAE; 21.9, 24.9 and 110.0 µmol Trolox g−1 sample; while herbaceous stem (HS) contained up to 4.37 mg g−1 DW; 27.8 mg g−1 GAE; 110.9, 124.8 and 469.7 µmol Trolox g−1 sample, respectively. Roots contained up to 1.85 mg g−1 DW, 15.8 mg−1 GAE and TEAC of 36.8, 41.5 and 156.7 µmol Trolox g−1 sample. Amongst the organs, therefore, coffee leaves possessed higher values than roasted beans on the basis of phytochemicals, TPC and TEAC. Leaves also contain carotenoids and chlorophylls pigments with potent health benefits. With appropriate processing methods, a beverage prepared from leaves (coffee leaf tea) could be a rich source of phytochemicals and antioxidants with therapeutic and pharmacological values for human health.
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Tamprasit K, Weerapreeyakul N, Sutthanut K, Thukhammee W, Wattanathorn J. Harvest Age Effect on Phytochemical Content of White and Black Glutinous Rice Cultivars. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244432. [PMID: 31817117 PMCID: PMC6943599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on the bioactive compounds of rice seeds, however, there is limited information on the bioactive compounds of rice sprouts. This study focused on the age effect on the phytochemical content of white and black glutinous rice sprouts harvested between 5 and 25 days old. We assessed yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, total chlorophyll content, and proximate analysis. HPLC results identified protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and rutin in the sprouts of both cultivars, ranging between 0.56–1.58, 0.65–7.69, and 0.47–1.68 mg/g extract, respectively. The amount of bioactive compounds and proximate compositions in black glutinous rice were generally higher than white glutinous rice in an age-dependent manner (p < 0.05). At 5–7 days, black glutinous rice contained the highest total anthocyanin content, while white glutinous rice contained the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content (p < 0.05). High total chlorophyll content was initially detected in white glutinous rice at a younger age than black glutinous rice (p < 0.05), while total chlorophyll content in both cultivars was not significantly different. Our study confirms the presence of phytoconstituents in the rice sprouts of white and black glutinous rice and their potential as functional foods and for being further development as natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawintra Tamprasit
- Graduate School (in the program of Aesthetic Sciences and Health), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-4320-2378
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Niroula A, Khatri S, Khadka D, Timilsina R. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity profile of selected cereal sprouts and grasses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1588297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Niroula
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Food Technology, Nagarik College, Tribhuvan University, Gaindakot, Nepal
| | - Sagar Khatri
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dinesh Khadka
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rashika Timilsina
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Alegría-Herrera E, Herrera-Ruiz M, Román-Ramos R, Zamilpa A, Santillán-Urquiza MA, Aguilar MI, Avilés-Flores M, Fuentes-Mata M, Jiménez-Ferrer E. Effect of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum selloi, and Rosmarinic Acid on Cerebral Vascular Damage in a Chronic Hypertension Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:201-211. [PMID: 30713252 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of treatment against hypertension is not only to reduce blood pressure levels, but also to reduce vascular risk in general. In the present work, administering angiotensin II (AGII; 0.2 µg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 12 weeks) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which caused an increase in corticosterone levels, as well as in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) and macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)). On observing the behavior in the different models, an anxiogenic effect (elevated plus maze (EPM)) and cognitive impairment (water Morris maze (WMM)) was observed in animals with AGII. By administering organic extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Oba-EtOAc) and Ocimum selloi (Ose-EtOAc), and some doses of rosmarinic acid (RA) (6 weeks per os (p.o.)), the damage caused by AGII was stopped by re-establishing corticosterone serum levels and by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elian Alegría-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | | | - María Isabel Aguilar
- Laboratorio 111, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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