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Malorni L, Cozzolino R, Magri A, Zampella L, Petriccione M. Influence of Plant-Based Biostimulant (BORTAN) on Qualitative and Aromatic Traits of Rocket Salad ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040730. [PMID: 36840076 PMCID: PMC9961706 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of a new plant-based biostimulant (Bortan) on physiological and aromatic traits of rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. var. Pamela) was monitored by evaluating physico-chemical parameters (fresh and dry weight, leaf color and chlorophyll content) and biochemical traits (total phenolic compound (TP), total flavonoids (TF), ascorbic acid (AA) and antioxidant activity (AOX). Volatile profiles were also analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, allowing the detection of 32 volatiles belonging to 5 chemical classes. Compared to the control, Bortan application enhanced leaf pigment content, including chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (+10%, +16% and +28%, respectively) and increased TP (+34%), TF (+26%), AA (+19%) amonts and AOX value (+16%). Principal component analysis revealed a significant discrimination between the two samples. Specifically, treated samples were mainly associated with "green-leaf" volatiles, namely hexanal and 2-hexenal, 3-hexenal and 1-penten-3-one, while control rocket was directly correlated with several alcohols and to all isothiocyanates, associated with the sulfur-like odor of rocket. These findings can add further support, both for farmers and the agro-food industry, in choosing PBs as a new and sustainable practice in complementing enhanced yields with premium-quality produce. To confirm these preliminary data, further experiments are needed by enlarging the sample size, testing different concentrations of Bortan and/or using other food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Malorni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Anna Magri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Zampella
- Diachem S.p.A., Via Mozzanica 9/11, 24043 Caravaggio, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits, and Citrus Crops, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Sousa M, Mulaosmanovic E, Erdei AL, Bengtsson M, Witzgall P, Alsanius BW. Volatilomes reveal specific signatures for contamination of leafy vegetables with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Aquaphotomic, E-Nose and Electrolyte Leakage to Monitor Quality Changes during the Storage of Ready-to-Eat Rocket. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072252. [PMID: 35408652 PMCID: PMC9000777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) leafy vegetables has increased rapidly due to changes in consumer diet. RTE products are perceived as fresh, high-quality, and health-promoting. The monitoring of the RTE quality is crucial in relation to safety issues. This study aimed to evaluate the maintenance of RTE rocket salad freshness packed under modified atmospheres. A portable E-nose, the electrolyte leakage test (which measures the index of leaf damage-ILD), and NIR spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics were employed. Two trials were carried out, using the following gas mixtures: (A) atmospheric air (21% O2, 78% N2); (B) 30% O2, 70% N2; (C) 10% CO2, 5% O2, 85% N2. Samples were stored at 4 °C and analyzed at 0, 1, 4, 7, 11, and 13 days. ANOVA, PCA, PLS were applied for data processing. E-nose and ILD results identified the B atmosphere as the best for maintaining product freshness. NIR spectroscopy was able to group the samples according to the storage time. Aquaphotomics proved to be able to detect changes in the water structure during storage. These preliminary data showed a good agreement NIR/ILD suggesting the use of NIR for non-destructive monitoring of the damage to the plant membranes of RTE rocket salad.
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Bell L, Kitsopanou E, Oloyede OO, Lignou S. Important Odorants of Four Brassicaceae Species, and Discrepancies between Glucosinolate Profiles and Observed Hydrolysis Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051055. [PMID: 34064846 PMCID: PMC8150828 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the distinctive aroma and flavour traits of Brassicaceae crops are produced by glucosinolate (GSL) hydrolysis products (GHPs) with other non-GSL derived compounds also reported to contribute significantly to their aromas. This study investigated the flavour profile and glucosinolate content of four Brassicaceae species (salad rocket, horseradish, wasabi, and watercress). Solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry were used to determine the volatile compounds and odorants present in the four species. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the glucosinolate composition, respectively. A total of 113 compounds and 107 odour-active components were identified in the headspace of the four species. Of the compounds identified, 19 are newly reported for ‘salad’ rocket, 26 for watercress, 30 for wasabi, and 38 for horseradish, marking a significant step forward in understanding and characterising aroma generation in these species. There were several non-glucosinolate derived compounds contributing to the ‘pungent’ aroma profile of the species, indicating that the glucosinolate-derived compounds are not the only source of these sensations in Brassicaceae species. Several discrepancies between observed glucosinolates and hydrolysis products were observed, and we discuss the implications of this for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AR, UK;
| | - Eva Kitsopanou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Omobolanle O. Oloyede
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Stella Lignou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)118-378-8717
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6
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GC-olfactometric characterisation of off-odours in commercially packaged rocket leaves. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Barreto Ferreira TH, Mizuno Florizo GK, Sanjinez Argondoña EJ. Shelf life of cookies made from baru (
Dipteryx alata
Vog.) pulp under different storage conditions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Spadafora ND, Cocetta G, Ferrante A, Herbert RJ, Dimitrova S, Davoli D, Fernández M, Patterson V, Vozel T, Amarysti C, Rogers HJ, Müller CT. Short-Term Post-Harvest Stress that Affects Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds and Gene Expression in Rocket Salad During Early Post-Harvest Senescence. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010004. [PMID: 31861410 PMCID: PMC7020156 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Once harvested, leaves undergo a process of senescence which shares some features with developmental senescence. These include changes in gene expression, metabolites, and loss of photosynthetic capacity. Of particular interest in fresh produce are changes in nutrient content and the aroma, which is dependent on the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Leafy salads are subjected to multiple stresses during and shortly after harvest, including mechanical damage, storage or transport under different temperature regimes, and low light. These are thought to impact on later shelf life performance by altering the progress of post-harvest senescence. Short term stresses in the first 24 h after harvest were simulated in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). These included dark (ambient temperature), dark and wounding (ambient temperature), and storage at 4 °C in darkness. The effects of stresses were monitored immediately afterwards and after one week of storage at 10 °C. Expression changes in two NAC transcription factors (orthologues of ANAC059 and ANAC019), and a gene involved in isothiocyanate production (thiocyanate methyltransferase, TMT) were evident immediately after stress treatments with some expression changes persisting following storage. Vitamin C loss and microbial growth on leaves were also affected by stress treatments. VOC profiles were differentially affected by stress treatments and the storage period. Overall, short term post-harvest stresses affected multiple aspects of rocket leaf senescence during chilled storage even after a week. However, different stress combinations elicited different responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D. Spadafora
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
- Markes International Ltd, Gwaun Elai Medi-Science Campus, Llantrisant RCT CF72 8XL, UK
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Robert J. Herbert
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK;
| | - Simone Dimitrova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Daniela Davoli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Marta Fernández
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Valentine Patterson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Tinkara Vozel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Canesia Amarysti
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
| | - Hilary J. Rogers
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-2920876352
| | - Carsten T. Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.D.S.); (S.D.); (D.D.); (M.F.); (V.P.); (T.V.); (C.A.); (C.T.M.)
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Dryahina K, Som S, Smith D, Španěl P. Characterization of spoilage‐related volatile organic compounds in packaged leaf salads. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Dryahina
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Suman Som
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Smith
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
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Volatile metabolites, quality and sensory parameters of “Ferrovia” sweet cherry cold stored in air or packed in high CO2 modified atmospheres. Food Chem 2019; 286:659-668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Integrating calcium chloride treatment with polypropylene packaging improved the shelf life and retained the quality profile of minimally processed cabbage. Food Chem 2018; 256:1-10. [PMID: 29606423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Effects of Packaging on Shelf Life and Postharvest Qualities of Radish Roots during Storage at Low Temperature for an Extended Period. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3942071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of packaging on the quality aspects of radish, Korean radish roots (Raphanus sativus L. var. Kwandong) were stored at 0°C after different packaging treatments such as keeping in paper cartoon box (control), keeping in plastic crates (PC), packaging with micro perforated HDPE film in PC (HDPE + PC), curing followed by keeping in PC (Curing + PC), and curing followed by packaging with micro perforated HDPE film in PC (Curing + HDPE + PC). Weight losses of radish roots were remarkably lower (<3%) in both HDPE film packaged samples compared to that of control (10%) or without film (≈18%). L⁎ values, whiteness index, total soluble solids, and flesh and skin firmness were better maintained in Curing + HDPE + PC treatment compared to other treatments. Lower color difference values were also found in this treatment. Both film packaged samples had lower scores of black spot, surface shrinkage, and fungal infection incidence which revealed significantly longer marketable periods. HDPE film packaged samples exhibited longer shelf life more than one and two months compared to control and unpacked samples, respectively. Results suggest that HDPE film packaging can extend postharvest life of radish while curing might have little but beneficial effects in maintaining the quality characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first report on quality evaluation of Korean radish during an extended storage period simulating the Korean industrial practices.
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